• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.26-34
• /
• 1978

We observed 82 cases of primary lung cancer clinically and statistically, which had been experienced at the dept. of thoracic surgery, Chonnam University Hospital, during the period of 13 years from 1964 to 1967. The results obtained were as follows: Peak incidence of age was from 5th decade to 6th decade, and the ratio of male to female was 3: 1. The frequency of lung cancer was higher in the heavy smoker than in the lighter smoker, and undifferentiated carcinoma showed low resectability in spite of the shorter clinical duration. Major symptoms were coughing and chest tightness & pain, especially coughing was initial symptom in the majority of patients. Of the 82 cases, operation was performed in the 32 cases [39%], but resection was possible in the 22 cases [27%]. The delaying factors led patients to an inoperable stage were physician’s misdiagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma due to non-specific symptoms and signs of the patients, old age patients were dependence on herb medicine, and poor economical condition of the patients in our region especially. Basic conditions of treatment in lung cancer were early detection & early surgery, so, chest P-A would be checked per 3 to 6 months interval associated with sputum cytology in the smoker over 45 age routinely.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.825-833
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between smoking behavior and periodontitis in Korean adults. Methods: The study subjects were 4,896 from the sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data were analysed by chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis using SPSS 20.0 program. Results: The rate of periodontitis was 27.5%. The prevalence rate of periodontitis was closely related to socio-economic characteristics including gender, age, living area, household income, educational level, history of diabetes mellitus, and regular dental visit. The rate of periodontitis in non-smoker, ex-smoker, and current smoker were 56.7%, 19.5%, and 23.8%, respectively. Smoking behavior was significantly related to socio-economic characteristics. After adjusting for gender, age, household income, educational level, history of diabetes mellitus, and dental visit within 1 year, the risk of periodontitis in ex-smoker and current group were 1.31 (95% CI; 1.04-1.65) and 2.31 (95% CI; 1.87-2.85), respectively. Conclusions: Smoking behavior had a significant impact on periodontitis prevalence in Korean adults.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.723-733
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference about pathogenesis of normal group and depression group(who' pulmonary function is below expected value). Author used DSOM to investigate oriental pathogenesis. Depression group is consisted of people who's FVC%(forced vital capacity)is below 80% or $FEV_1$/FVC%(Forced Expiratory Volume in 1sec/FVC) is below 70%, and they don't have history of lung disease(Athma, tuberculosis, COPD, suchlike). Normal group is consisted of people who's FVC%(Forced Vital Capacity) is in 80-120% and $FEV_1$/FVC%(Forced Expiratory Volume in 1sec/FVC) is above 70%. they also don't have history of lung disease. Author carried out each group's PFT(pulmonary function test) by ATS(American Thoracic Society) method. DSOM was used for oriental pathogenesis investigation of two groups. There was significant difference between normal group and depression group in Kidney(p<0.05). In depression group comparison of sex, there was significant difference between male and female in stagnation of qi, cold, heat, spleen, phlegm(p<0.05). In Normal group there was significant difference between male and female in stagnation of qi, blood stasis, cold, heat, spleen(p<0.05). In depression group comparison of smoke, there was no significant difference between smoker and non-smoker(p<0.05). In Normal group comparison of smoke, there was significant difference between smoker and non-smoker in heat(p<0.05). This result showed difference of the pathogenesis between Depression group and Normal group.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2000

Objectives : This study is to evaluate the awareness, attitude, practice and the countermeasures against passive smoking in Korean adults. Methods : By self-administered questionnaires, we assessed the knowledge, attitude, behavior for passive smoking and the countermeasure for reduction of it's harmful effects in 289 men and 238 women. Results : The subjects that have heard about passive smoking were 96.8% in total and well known were 26.4% of current smoker, 56.6% of ex-smoker, and 14.8% of non-smoker(p=0.001). The irritative symptom from passive smoking was the most frequent in non-smokers and the most common place where exposed to passive smoking was public place. For attitude against passive smoking in 'no smoking allowed area', ex-smokers were the most active to recommend to stop smoking. And for opinion about establishment of 'no smoking allowed area', the restriction by law was the best acceptable method in smokers, exsmokers, and nonsmokers. In marking of 'no smoking allowed area', 69.9% of smokers answered no smoking, but in non-marking area only 6.3% stop smoking. When smokers were recommended to stop smoking, the more subjects stop smoking with good feeling in marking area, but the less in non-marking area. The factor associated the high awareness of passive smoking were aged(OR=1.07, 1.03-1.12), men(OR=4.34, 2.32-8.46). The persons who have known well about passive smoking had good attitude and behavior to prevent of harmful effect of passive smoking. Conclusions : This study suggested that education program would be necessary to reduce the passive smoking.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the effect between job stress in jobholders and xerostomia. Methods : 250 jobholders living in Jecheon city were the subjects of this questionnaire. The questionnaire was made up of three contents and 37 items: general characteristic(13), job stress(14), degree & behavior of xerostomia(10). The data were analyzed by two-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA to examine the subjects general characteristics, job stress and degree of xerostomia and were analyzed by Chi-square test to examine the subjects general characteristics, job stress and behavior of xerostomia. Results : Only 215 jobholders were evaluated due to inadequate responses. The results were as follow. 1. As general characteristic of jobholder, male(83.7%) were more than women(16.3%), 30~39 year-old(47%) in age variable, university graduation(63.7%) in the last educational background variable, 2~3 million won(31.2%) in the month average income variable, 1~5 year(33.5%) in tour of duty variable, non-smoker(47.9%) in smoking variable were most. Married(58.6%) were more than unmarried(39.5%). Alcoholic(69.8%) were more than non-alcoholic(30.2%). 2. As classification of job stress, high strain group was 28.4%, active group was 26%, low strain group was 24.2%, passive group was 21.4%. 3. Analysis of effect between general characteristic and degree & behavior of xerostomia showed smoker were statistical significantly higher than non-smoker on 'dry eat', 'Am-sal', 'Night awake', 'Slip-liq'and 'Gumcandy'(p<0.05) and showed alcoholic were statistical significantly higher than non-alcoholic on 'Dry PM', 'Night awake, $H_2O$-bed'(p<0.05). 4. Analysis of effect between job stress and degree & behavior of xerostomia showed hight strain group were statistical significantly higher than low strain group on 'Dry PM', 'Dry-day', 'Am-sal', 'Eff-life'and 'Night awake'(p<0.05). Conclusions : As high strain group were higher than other groups on degree & behavior of xerostomia, stress would be factor that have an effect on xerostomia. Thus consider and management of stress is necessary for diagnosis and treatment of xerostomia.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.713-724
• /
• 2013

This study examines the effects of smoking on the health and nutrient intake of male adults. The subjects recruited are divided into two groups according to non-smokers (n=64), and smokers (n=50). The results show that the non-smokers are significantly more interested in health and maintain more frequency of weekly exercise as compared to the smokers. Smokers reported that the main reason for failures in quitting attempts was a lack of willingness (62.0%). 44.0% of smoker would be interested in attending a smoking cessation program if they had the opportunities to do so. The non-smoker is considered healthy, and ate a regular diet, and low in fat-rich foods compared to the smokers. The non-smokers and smokers consume lower intakes of vitamin $B_2$, folic acid, and calcium (Ca). On the other hand, intakes of phosphorus, and sodium are the highest among all groups. In the case of smokers, increased intakes of antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables should be encouraged, and the nutrition education for low-salt-type foods is also recommended.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.702-710
• /
• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess the effects of eating habits and health-related lifestyle on blood pressure, $\gamma$-Glutamic acid Peptide Transferase ($\gamma$-GPT), glucose and HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C). All subjects (261 male, 252 female) were from the Iksan area of Korea, and were at least 50 years of age. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and HDL-C for all the subjects was 131.3 mmHg, 78.5 mmHg, and 43.1 mg/dl, respectively. The HDL-C of the $50{\sim}64$ year-old group was higher than that of the over-75-year-old group. The "regular breakfast" group evidenced a lower SBP, $\gamma$-GPT, and higher HDL-C than the "seldom breakfast" group (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.01). SBP in the "snacking everyday" group was higher than that of the "seldom snacking" group (p<0.001). As for the frequency of using alcohol, SBP and $\gamma$-GPT for the group using alcohol everyday were higher than those of the non-drinking group (p<0.001, p<0.001), SBP and DBP were higher and $\gamma$-GPT was lower in the group that regularly drank more than 4 glasses of Soju than in the non-drinking group (p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.001). SBP, DBP, and $\gamma$-GPT for the "heavy smoker" group were higher than those of the non-smoker group (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05). The HDL-C was lower in the "heavy smoker" group than in the "non-smoker" group (p<0.05). The SBP with exercise was as follows: Group 1 ($0.022{\sim}0.073\;kcal/min/kg$) was lower than that of Group 3 ($0.144{\sim}0.161\;kcal/min/kg$) and Group 4 (0.161 kcal/min/kg) (p<0.001). To conclude: advancing age, snacking, and frequent alcohol consumption increased blood pressure; the lowest blood pressure was detected in the group that ate breakfast everyday and in the group that engaged in more frequent exercise; Moreover, $\gamma$-GPT was higher and HDL-C was lower in the smokers' group than in the non-smokers' group. Considering the results of this study, there appears to be an urgent need to instruct aging adults about eating breakfast everyday, reducing smoking, using less or no alcohol, and getting proper and regular exercise.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.164-172
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to compare physical fitness, self-esteem, organizational commitment and transformational leadership among non-smoker and smoker ROTC cadets. This study used 425 questionnaires from male grade 3 and 4 ROTC cadets of 12 universities located in P city and G-do. Data were collected from May 1 to June 23, 2017. The data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 23.0 using a ${\chi}^2-test$, independent t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Running 3km (t=3.26, p=0.046), self-esteem (t=1.06, p=0.003), organizational commitment (t=2.57, p<0.001) and transformational leadership (t=3.98, p<0.001) were significantly lower in the smoking group than the non-smoking group. There was a positive correlation between self-esteem, organizational commitment, and transformational leadership in both non-smokers and smokers. Therefore, to practice smoking cessation for the health promotion of ROTC cadets smokers, it is necessary to develop an effective education and intervention program that can enhance self-esteem, organizational commitment and transformational leadership.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.1508-1512
• /
• 2009

This study was designed to analyze the results of bone mineral density test in oriental medical examination. The subjects were workers in the automobile manufacturing industry. The subjects consisted of 3,206 industrial workers who had received oriental medical examination by oriental medicine and they submitted questionnaires about drinking history and smoking history, during 9 months from March to November. They were categorized by sex, age, job class, drinking history, smoking history and exercise history. The T-scores were measured by using OSTEOPRO(BMTECH, Seoul, Korea). We analyzed the relationship between sex, age, job class, drinking history, smoking history, exercise history and the results of bone mineral density using X2-test of the SPSS Ver. 14.0. There was a positive correlation between age and osteoporosis prevalence. In job class, sales personnel were apt to have a higher prevalence of osteoporosis than factory workers and office workers. Osteoporosis rates of the drinker group showed a higher level than the non-drinker group. Bone mineral densities of non-smoker group were higher than the Smoker group. And bone mineral densities of exerciser group were higher than the non-exerciser group. They have to encourage exercise and educate the workers to quit smoking for their health promotion. Furthermore, continuous health check up needs to be done connectedly.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness towards oral health environmental changes and oral health in smokers and non-smokers in soldiers. Methods : Data were obtained from 350 soldiers serving at Unit M in Gwangju and Gyeonggi-do and ROTC candidates at University Y in Gyeonggi-do from April 28 to May 5, 2013. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 program and a significant level was set at 0.05. Results : Non-smokers had more knowledge on tooth staining or gum diseases than smokers(p<0.05). The awareness towards the causes of oral cancer was not much different between the smokers and the non-smokers. The soldiers having dental health education tended to smoke less than those who had no education(p<0.05). The awareness towards individual oral health revealed no difference between the smokers and the non-smokers. Non-smokers had higher subjective knowledge on of the importance of the oral health, smoking influence on the oral health, and secondhand smoking impact on the health(p<0.05). Conclusions : The oral health education by the dental hygienists is very important in the military camps. Non-smokers tended to have higher knowledge on oral health than the non-smokers.