• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.591-597
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• 2013

The input emergy of an advanced treatment plant for reducing the 1 kg of TN and TP was estimated 4.14E+14 sej/kg, 5.02E+15 sej/kg, respectively. In addition, the input emergy of constructed wetland for reduction of the 1 kg of TN and TP reduction was estimated to be 2.48E+14 sej/kg, 3.38E+15 sej/kg, respectively. The cost reducing 1 kg of TN and TP for an advanced treatment plant was estimated 197,466 won and 2,388,739 won respectively and constructed wetland was estimated 117,976 won and 1,609,213 won respectively. As a result, All of the emergy source of constructed wetland for reducing non-point source is renewable resource. If we use the constructed wetland, it results in enhancing economic value by reducing of non-point pollution, controlling a flood and providing the habitat of animals or plants. Improving water quality program in the Nakdong River Basin should be changed into an ecological treatment facilities from expansion of the sewage treatment facilities and advanced treatment plant using high cost and non-renewable energies.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.857-866
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• 2011

This research categorized EIA target highways into following three types in order to minimize non-point source pollution from highway runoff. 1. Big drainage basin. 2. Small drainage basin. 3. Bridge section. The Natural, Filter and Swirl-Type devices were evaluated in terms of removal efficiency of TSS, BOD, COD, T-N, T-P, compatibility of site selection, economic feasibility, and maintenance convenience through which the final BMP was selected. According to the removal efficiency result, the area of Big and Small Drainage basin and bridge section had higher removal efficiency with natural facility than that of the Filter or Swirl-Type device. To make appropriate selection of highways'BMP for non-point source pollution, this study will aim to contribute to building more environmentally friendly highways by proposing the selection process that is made of 5 stages. 1. Selecting the target drainage basin. 2. Selecting the land for the mitigation facility. 3. Analysing the ease of maintenance. 4. Technically evaluating each installation. 5. Evaluating the effective implementation methods.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2024

This study assessed the efficiency of reducing soil erosion and suspended sediment through the restoration of alpine unauthorized and illegally cultivated fields, using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model in the Mandae District. The results showed that in Scenario 5, which involved restoring unauthorized and illegal fields within forests, along rivers (banks), and in ditch areas were restored to their original land categories, achieved the highest efficiency in reducing average annual soil erosion and suspended sediment, with reductions of 8.1% and 4.5%, respectively. In particular, it was confirmed that the restoration of unauthorized and illegal fields within forested areas has a significant impact. This demonstrated that the restoration of unauthorized and illegal agricultural fields can substantially reduce the soil erosion and suspended sediment attributable to non-point source pollution. Our findings highlight the importance of managing these unauthorized and illegal agricultural activities in developing sustainable strategies within non-point source pollution management areas. This study is expected to provide important basic data to effectively establish water quality improvement strategies in the region of non-point source pollution management.

• 농촌계획
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.99-119
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• 2018

Unit load factor, which is used for the quantification of non-point pollution in watersheds, has the limitation that it does not reflect spatial characteristics of soil, topography and temporal change due to the interannual or seasonal variability of precipitation. Therefore, we developed the method to estimate a watershed-scale non-point pollutant load using seasonal forecast data that forecast changes of precipitation up to 6 months from present time for watershed-scale water quality management. To establish a preemptive countermeasure against non-point pollution sources, it is possible to consider the unstructured management plan which is possible over several months timescale. Notably, it is possible to apply various management methods such as control of sowing and irrigation timing, control of irrigation through water management, and control of fertilizer through fertilization management. In this study, APEX-Paddy model, which can consider the farming method in field scale, was applied to evaluate the applicability of seasonal forecast data. It was confirmed that the rainfall amount during the growing season is an essential factor in the non-point pollution pollutant load. The APEX-Paddy model for quantifying non-point pollution according to various farming methods in paddy fields simulated similarly the annual variation tendency of TN and TP pollutant loads in rice paddies but showed a tendency to underestimate load quantitatively.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2019

Recently, it was realized that a significant portion of pollution from urban areas originates from non-point sources such as construction sites, washoff from impervious surfaces, and sewage input from unsewered areas and combined sewer overflows. Especially, Urban stormwater runoff is one of the most extensive cause of the deterioration of the water quality in streams located in urban area. The objective of this study was to investigate runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants source at the urban area in the Suyeong River. Water quality variations were investigated at two points of Suyeong River during a period of 10 rainfall events. Concentration difference of non-point pollution source appeared big by precedent number of days of no rainfall. In addition, Event mean Concentration (EMCs) that well represents runoff characteristics of storm water during rainfall, was calculated, and runoff pollutants loading was also examined. The probability distribution of EMCs of BOD, COD, TOC, T-N, T-P, and TSS were analyzed and the mean values of observed EMC and the median values of estimated EMCs compared through probability distribution. Other objectives of this study were the characterization of discharge from non-point source, the analysis of the pollutant loads and an establishment of a management plan for non-point source of Suyeong River. Also, It was established that the most important thing for the administration of non-point pollution source is to come up with the solution for the reduction of effluent at the beginning.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2014

현재까지 국내에서 수질관리 정책이 점오염원 관리를 우선 시 하고 있다. 비점오염원은 배출특성, 배출지점 및 배출량의 파악에 매우 어려움이 있다. 이러한 비점오염 관리를 위해 다양한 비점오염저감시설들에 대한 개발 및 연구가 진행되고 있다. 비점오염시설의 평가를 위해 다양한 효율산정 방법들이 제시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 강우 시 식생수로 모니터링 결과를 통해 체류시간이 저감효율에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구를 수행하였다. 또한 여러 가지 저감효율 산정 방법에 따른 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 식생수로에서 체류시간에 따른 효율 분석 결과 체류시간이 길수록 저감효율도 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 식생수로의 안정적인 저감효율을 확보하기 위해선 충분한 체류시간이 확보 되어야 한다고 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.551-557
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• 2015

본 연구는 주암댐 유역을 대상으로 구축된 HSPF 결과를 활용하여 각 소유역별 비점오염원 부하량을 산정하여 비교함으로써 비점오염저감시설 우선 설치 대상지점을 평가하였으며 2011~2012년 BOD, TN, TP를 대상으로 모델 재현성을 검토된 결과를 활용하였다. 소유역별 비점오염부하량을 산정하여 비점오염저감시설 우선 설치 대상지점을 평가한 결과, BOD의 경우에는 2011년 평균 $8.8kg/day/km^2$, 2012년 평균 $9.1kg/day/km^2$, TN은 2011년 평균 $9.7kg/day/km^2$, 2012년 평균 $10.1kg/day/km^2$, TP는 2011년 평균 $0.30kg/day/km^2$, 2012년 평균 $0.33kg/day/km^2$으로 산정되었고, 보성강 상류에 위치한 소유역에서 상대적으로 높은 부하량이 유출되는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히, 봉화천 유역이 가장 우선순위가 높게 평가되었으며 미력천, 장평천, 율어천, 구암천, 석교천, 문덕천, 인천천, 봉내천 등의 순서로 평가되었으며 대체적으로 농업지역의 비율이 큰 소유역의 우선순위가 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.88-100
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• 2014

This study analyzed runoff characteristics of non-point sources pollutant and evaluated removal of pollution by BMP(Best Management Practice) using BASINS/WinHSPF model. Hourly meterological data including input data was provided from 2010 to 2011 year to run HSPF model in Miho stream watershed. As the results of calibration and validation of the model, the model could be successfully performed to simulate the flow and water quality parameters. The apprehensive area of non-point source pollution was chosen by non-point source pollution per area of a tributary to the Miho stream and applied constructed wetland in area chosen. Three scenarios were based on installation area of an constructed wetland and HSPF model would be applied to estimate the pollutant removals through the constructed wetland. The removal rates of pollutants through the constructed wetland were estimated with the runoff and water quality parameters by the comparisons of before and after the constructed wetland application.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2006

Recently, the population growth, industrial and agricultural development are rapidly undergoing in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) in Texas. The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) composed of the 4 counties and three of them are interesting for Non-point and point source pollutant modeling: Starr, Cameron, and Hidalgo. Especially, the LRGV is an intensively irrigation region, and Texas A&M University Agriculture Program and the New Mexico State University College of Agriculture applied irrigation district program, projects in GIS and Hydrology based agricultural water management systems and assessment of prioritized protecting stream network, water quality and rehabilitation based on water saving potential in Rio Grande River. In the LRGV region, where point and non-point sources of pollution may be a big concern, because increasing fertilizers and pesticides use and population cause. This project objective seeks to determine the accumulation of non-point and point source and discuss the main impacts of agriculture and environmental concern with water quality related to pesticides, fertilizer, and nutrients within LRGV region. The GIS technique is widely used and developed for the assessment of non-point source pollution in LRGV region. This project shows the losses in $kg/km^2/yr$ of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), TN (total Nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) in the runoff from the surface of LRGV. Especially, farmers in Cameron County consume a lot of fertilizer and pesticide to improve crop yield net profit. Then, this region can be created as larger nonpoint source area for nutrients and the intensity of runoff by excess irrigation water. And many sediment and used irrigation water with including high nutrients can be discharged into Rio Grade River.

• 농촌계획
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2019

More than half of the nonpoint sources of polluting water occur in cultivating farmlands in rural areas. Agricultural nonpoint sources are discharged from large areas of farmlands, making it difficult to collect or treat pollutants. Farmland source management is known to be the most effective, and preventive management by improving farming methods is the key to reduce nonpoint pollution. At present, more than 30% of the pollutants flowing into the rivers and lakes are nonpoint pollutants caused by agricultural activities. As a countermeasure, it is more preferable to develop and apply optimal farming management techniques for agricultural nonpoint pollution management basically than to apply existing water quality management techniques. Because of the characteristics of nonpoint source pollution, it is necessary to manage farmlands in rural areas, so the willingness and competence of the residents is most important. The purpose of this study is to analyze and understand the process of changing the cognition of residents through capacity education and survey for nonpoint pollution management in rural areas. This study conducted intensive resident competency education and examined the process of changing resident awareness through three surveys. As a result of this study, it was found that continuous education and activities for rural non-point pollution management are necessary for raising awareness of residents and managing non-point pollution effectively, showing possibility of change residents' perception.