• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.11-23
• /
• 2019

Nowadays, the characterization of Ultra-High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) tensile behavior still remains a challenge for researchers. For this purpose, a simplified closed-form non-linear hinge model based on the Third Point Bending Test (ThirdPBT) was developed by the authors. This model has been used as the basis of a simplified inverse analysis methodology to derive the tensile material properties from load-deflection response obtained from ThirdPBT experimental tests. In this paper, a non-linear finite element model (FEM) is presented with the objective of validate the closed-form non-linear hinge model. The state determination of the closed-form model is straightforward, which facilitates further inverse analysis methodologies to derive the tensile properties of UHPFRC. The accuracy of the closed-form non-linear hinge model is validated by a robust non-linear FEM analysis and a set of 15 Third-Point Bending tests with variable depths and a constant slenderness ratio of 4.5. The numerical validation shows excellent results in terms of load-deflection response, bending curvatures and average longitudinal strains when resorting to the discrete crack approach.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.309-336
• /
• 2023

We establish some common fixed point theorems satisfying weak ψ - ϕ contraction on partially ordered non-Archimedean fuzzy metric spaces. By using this results we show the existence of fixed point on the domain of words and apply this approach to deduce the existence of solution for some recurrence equations associated to the analysis of Quicksort algorithms and divide and Conquer algorithms, respectively and also give an example to show the usefulness of our hypothesis. Our results generalize, extend and improve several well-known results of the existing literature in fixed point theory.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.164-169
• /
• 2015

Nowadays blending ratio of OMG (old magazine) in recovered paper used for manufacturing newspaper have been increased. When large amount of OMG is consumed in newsprint mill, brightness can be improved by inorganic pigments of coating layer. On the other hand decrease in yield of deinking process will be encountered because the pigments can be removed as reject of froth flotation process. Therefore selection of the optimal deinking agent is an important. Non-ionic surfactant have been used widely in newsprint mill. Non-ionic surfactant has amphoteric characteristics. Hydrophilic group is ethylene and propylene oxide that can induce hydrogen bonding with water molecules. In this regard, cloud point is an important parameter in order to control efficiency of deinking process because hydration of the hydrophobic group can be varied according to temperature of a system. In this study, deinking properties of ONP at high blending ratio of OMG was analyzed according to cloud points of non-ionic surfactants. $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, brightness and effective residual ink concentration did not affected by the change of cloud points. Especially, flotation reject decreased significantly according to increase in cloud point of the non-ionic surfactant. Consequently, when a nonionic surfactant having a cloud point higher than the temperature of the system is used, properties of the deinked pulp can be maintained and yield of deinking process can be improved.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.1307-1313
• /
• 1992

The end-point position control of a flexible manipulator is a non-minimum phase system. The PD feedback of the end-point position is not stable in contrast with that of the hub jangle. However, the system can be stabilized conditionally by the feedback of both the hub rate angle and the end-point position. Even in the non-minimum system, the LQG/LTR control law is more systmatic controller design method than the classical control law which uses a root-locus technique.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.52 no.3
• /
• pp.789-807
• /
• 2015

We propose coincidence and common fixed point results for a quadruple of self mappings satisfying common limit range property and weakly compatibility under generalized ${\Phi}$-contractive conditions i Non-Archimedean Menger PM-spaces. As examples we exhibit different types of situations where these conditions can be used. A common fixed point theorem for four finite families of self mappings is presented as an application of the proposed results. The existence and uniqueness of solutions for certain system of functional equations arising in dynamic programming are also presented as another application.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.140-146
• /
• 2019

In order to manage non-point sources, the paradigm of the system should be changed so that the management of non-point sources will be systematized from the beginning of the use and development of the land. It is necessary to change the method of national subsidy support and poeration plan for the non-point source management area. In order to increase the effectiveness of the non-point source reduction project, it is necessary to provide a minimum support ratio and to provide additional support according to the performance of the local government. A new system should be established to evaluate the performance of non-point source reduction projects and to monitor the operational effectiveness. It is necessary to establish the related rules that can lead the local government to take responsible administration so that the local governments faithfully carry out the non-point source reduction project and achieve the planned achievement and become the sustainable maintenance. Alternative solutions are needed, such as problems with the use of $100{\mu}m$ filter in automatic sampling and analysis, timely acquisition of water sampling and analysis during rainfall, and effective management of non-point sources network operation management. As an alternative, it is necessary to consider improving the performance of sampling and analysis equipment, and operate the base station. In addition, countermeasures are needed if the amount of pollutant reduction according to the non-point source reduction facility promoted by the national subsidy is required to be used as the development load of the TMDLs. As an alternative, it is possible to consider supporting incentive type of part of the maintenance cost of the non-point source reduction facility depending on the amount of pollutants reduction.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.258-263
• /
• 2021

Purpose: Myofascial syndrome is a chronic muscle pain caused by repetitive motions with stress-related muscle tension. This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the evidence for diagnosing myofascial pain syndrome in trapezius muscle using a pressure algometer and surface electromyography. Methods: The experiments were performed using a total of 10 subjects, and the target locations were determined by means of a pressure algometer in the right upper trapezius muscle. The part with the lowest pain value as the trigger point and the part with the highest pain value as the non-pain trigger point were selected for measuring the locations. The median frequency and average frequency were measured in those locations with electromyography. To check the muscle fatigue, the upper trapezius muscle was moved up and down for 2 seconds at 5-second intervals in 30 seconds. The measured values were evaluated using the independent paired t-test and MannWhitney U-test. Results: The median frequency at the non-trigger point (13.7) was significantly higher than that at the trigger point (7.3). Furthermore, the mean frequency (14.7) at the non-trigger point was significantly higher than that at the trigger point (6.3). Conclusion: The results showed the correlations between the trigger points of the muscle pain and frequency analysis of surface electromyography. Thus, this study may be possible to use as a diagnostic tool for myofascial pain syndrome.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
• /
• 1997.04a
• /
• pp.145-149
• /
• 1997

General joystick using spring only has a vibration when operaor drops the joystick. If it is used as input of motorized wheelchair, its system have a serious problem which operator fall into dangerous situation. Therefore, In this paper proposed non-vibration joustick which control a motorized wheelchair. Non-vibration joystick was designed which return to origin point when operator drops joystick by mistake. Reflected force of non- vibration joystick is defined as addition displacement and variation rate. And each parameter has elasticity of spring and viscosity of DC servo motor. Through simulation for virtual environment, we found two coefficient to return origin point smoothly when a disabled person drops the joystick. In case of larger elastic coefficient of spring than viscous coefficient, we confirmed the result has the equal vibration of general joystick (under-damping). In opposite case, joystick returned to origin point with excessive force. As a application of non-vibration joystick, we experimented wall-following controlling. In this trial, we corroborated that joystick follows smoothly around the corridors.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.613-629
• /
• 2013

In this article we will present a method to directly evaluate the critical point of a non-linear system by using the solution of a polynomial eigenvalue approximation as a starting point for an iterative non-linear system solver. This method will be used to evaluate out-of-plane buckling properties of truss structures for which the lateral displacement of the upper chord has been prevented. The aim is to assess for a number of example structures whether or not the linearized eigenvalue solution gives a relevant starting point for an iterative non-linear system solver in order to find the minimum positive critical load.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.215-223
• /
• 2021

3D data can be categorized into two parts : Euclidean data and non-Euclidean data. In general, 3D data exists in the form of non-Euclidean data. Due to irregularities in non-Euclidean data such as mesh and point cloud, early 3D deep learning studies transformed these data into regular forms of Euclidean data to utilize them. This approach, however, cannot use memory efficiently and causes loses of essential information on objects. Thus, various approaches that can directly apply deep learning architecture to non-Euclidean 3D data have emerged. In this survey, we introduce various deep learning methods for mesh and point cloud data. After analyzing the operating principles of these methods designed for irregular data, we compare the performance of existing methods for shape classification and segmentation tasks.