• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2024

Background/Aims: Hypoxemia is a common side effect of propofol sedation during endoscopy. Applying mild positive airway pressure (PAP) using a nasal mask may offer a simple way to reduce such events and optimize the conditions for diagnostic and therapeutic upper gastrointestinal endoscopies. Methods: We compared overweight patients (body mass index >25 kg/m²) with a nasal PAP mask or standard nasal cannula undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopies by non-anesthesiologists who provided propofol sedation. Outcome parameters included the frequency and severity of hypoxemic episodes. Results: We analyzed 102 procedures in 51 patients with nasal PAP masks and 51 controls. Episodes of hypoxemia (oxygen saturation [SpO₂] <90% at any time during sedation) occurred in 25 (49.0%) controls compared to 8 (15.7%) patients with nasal PAP masks (p<0.001). Severe hypoxemia (SpO₂ <80%) occurred in three individuals (5.9%) in both groups. The mean delta between baseline SpO₂ and the lowest SpO₂ recorded was significantly decreased among patients with nasal PAP mask compared to controls (3.7 and 8.2 percentage points difference, respectively). There were significantly fewer airway interventions performed in the nasal PAP mask group (15.7% vs. 41.2%, p=0.008). Conclusions: Using a nasal PAP mask may be a simple means of increasing patient safety and ease of examination.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive tool used to study aspects of human brain physiology, including motor function and the pathophysiology of various brain disorders. A brief electric current passed through a magnetic coil produces a high-intensity magnetic field, which can excite or inhibit the cerebral cortex. Although various brain regions can be evaluated by TMS, most studies have focused on the motor cortex where motor evoked potentials (MEPs) are produced. Single-pulse and paired-pulse TMS can be used to measure the excitability of the motor cortex via various parameters, while repetitive TMS induces cortical plasticity via long-term potentiation or long-term depression-like mechanisms. Therefore, TMS is useful in the evaluation of physiological mechanisms of various neurological diseases, including movement disorders and epilepsy. In addition, it has diagnostic utility in spinal cord diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and demyelinating diseases. The therapeutic effects of repetitive TMS on stroke, Parkinson disease and focal hand dystonia are limited since the duration and clinical benefits seem to be temporary. New TMS techniques, which may improve clinical utility, are being developed to enhance clinical utilities in various neurological diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5353-5361
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• 2012

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an immune-stimulatory cytokine with antitumor activity in preclinical models. It plays pivotal roles in linking inflammatory immune responses and tumor progression and is a useful candidate in gene therapy of lymphoma or lymphoid leukemia. A phase I study of recombinant human IL-18 (rhIL-18) in patients with advanced cancer concluded that rhIL-18 can be safely given in biologically active doses to patients with advanced cancer. Some viruses can induce the secretion of IL-18 for immune evasion. The individual cytokine activity might be potentiated or inhibited by combinations of cytokines. Here we focus on combinational effects of cytokines with IL-18 in cancer progression. IL-18 is an important non-invasive marker suspected of contributing to metastasis. Serum IL-18 may a useful biological marker as independent prognostic factor of survival. In this review we cover roles of IL-18 in immune evasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, applications for chemotherapy and prognostic or diagnostic significance.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.675-683
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• 2013

Purpose: Nineteen articles were analyzed to gather opinions and nursing implications about NIPT recently launched. Methods: Nineteen articles were selected from EBSCO (eBook business collection), Google Scholar, and two Korean academic d-bases with key words 'prenatal screening testing', 'prenatal genetic diagnostic testing', NIPT or 'cell free DNA (cfDNA)'. Authors developed a framework for analyzing the 19 articles including opinions and suggestions for future implications. Results: Eleven articles written by the first author affiliated with medicine or genetics, viewed NIPT as promising because of safety, accuracy, early detectability and cost effectiveness. Articles written by journalists or authors affiliated with history and ethics were concerned with the possible risk of ELSI (ethical, legal, social issues), erratic interpretation of test results, and lack of genetic counseling service. Conclusion: With consideration of Korean clinical, and legal circumstances, not only pregnant women and families but also health professionals must prepare for clinical NIPT implications including updating prenatal genetic testing, counseling services, protecting ELSI and amulticultural team approach.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.639-644
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• 2016

Discovery of non-invasive diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for acute rejection in liver transplant patients would help to ensure the preservation of liver function in the graft, eventually contributing to improved graft and patient survival. We evaluated selected cytokines and chemokines in the sera from liver transplant patients as potential biomarkers for acute rejection, and found that the combined detection of IL-10, IL-17, and CXCL10 at 1-2 weeks post-operation could predict acute rejection following adult liver transplantation with 97% specificity and 94% sensitivity.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.457-462
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relative signal intensity of TMJ retrodiscal tissue in T2-weighted MRI as diagnostic marker of temporomandibular disorder(TMD). 58 temporomandibular joints from 29 TMD patients (14 men & 15 women) were evaluated. The relative signal intensity of retrodiscal tissue in T2-weighted MRI was referenced to brain gray matter same size of the region of interest(ROI). The collected data was compared to disc positions (normal, anterior disc displacement with reduction, anterior disc displacement without reduction), the presence of joint effusion. The relative signal intensity of retrodiscal tissue was significantly increased when the disc was displaced without reduction. And the relative signal intensity of retrodiscal tissue was significantly increased when joint effusion was present. The results suggest that evaluating the relative signal intensity of TMJ retrodiscal tissue using a T2-weighted MRI is valuable as a non-invasive tool for diagnosing the procession of TMD.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.661-668
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• 1997

Portal blood flow was measured with pulsed doppler ultrasound in thirty normal dogs. In normal dogs, the average portal blood flow velocity was $17.03{\pm}1.75cm/sec$ and the average portal blood flow was $41.59{\pm}10.10ml/min/kg$. The incident angle between the doppler beam and the portal vein averaged $65^{\circ}$. The average portal vein sectional area was $0.41{\pm}0.14cm^2$. The Congestion index was $0.0245{\pm}0.0081cm{\cdot}sec$. Conclusively, the spectral doppler ultrasonography was quick, non-invasive and simple diagnostic method in circulatory disorders of liver.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.592-595
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• 2009

Juvenile dermatomyositis is a common inflammatory muscle disease of childhood, characterized by weakness in proximal muscles and specific skin rash. In case of juvenile dermatomyositis without characteristic clinical features, non-invasive imaging tools such as $^{99m}Tc$-HDP three-phase bone scan are very helpful in diagnostic workup of myopathies. We report a case of 13-year old female with juvenile dermatomyositis, in which $^{99m}Tc$-HDP three-phase bone scan was useful in diagnosis and assessing therapy response.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2006

The relationship between H. pylori(Hp) infection and recurrent abdominal pain(RAP) in children is not clear. Current data in the literature regarding a causal relationship between Hp infection and childhood RAP are conflicting. However, meta-analysis and most of the recently published studies have not supported an association between Hp infection and an increased prevalence of abdominal pain. Most published studies have some problems and have been criticized on methodological grounds. Most of the existing studies have not been designed to include double-blind placebo controls. And, because of the low incidence of Hp infection in children, they have a problem of obtaining sufficient numbers of the Hp infected children. There is also a concern about the heterogeneity of testing methodology in the studies and diagnostic accuracy problems of the non-invasive tests such as low sensitivity of the serology tests and false positive results of the UBT in children. And conflicting results may be explained, in part, by the poor definition of RAP or dyspepsia for the study subjects. To date, no consensus exists for the treatment of Hp-infected children with RAP. Some authors suggest the clinical efficacy of Hp. But others suggest that eradication of Hp is not associated with improvement of RAP. The problem of the most treatment studies is that they had usually no control groups and the number of the subjects was small. In order to make reasonable decisions about treatment of Hp infection in children with RAP, long-term, randomized, double blind, well controlled studies in large numbers of children will be required.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
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• pp.473-474
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• 2008

This paper proposes that the relative transmittance and emission intensity measured via optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is a useful for fault detection of reactive ion etch process. With the increased requests for non-invasive as well as real-time plasma process monitoring for fault detection and classification (FDC), OES is suggested as a useful diagnostic tool that satisfies both of the requirements. Relative optical transmittance and emission intensity of oxygen plasma acquired from various process conditions are directly compared with the process variables, such as RF power, oxygen flow and chamber pressure. The changes of RF power and Pressure are linearly proportional to the emission intensity while the change of gas flow can be detected with the relative transmittance.