• 호남수학학술지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.631-635
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• 2008

In this paper we discuss on the formal linearization and exact solution of Klein-Gordon's equation (1) $u_{tt}-au_{xx}+bu-cu^3=0 a,b,c{\in}R^+$ So that we know an efficient method for constructing of particular solutions of some nonlinear partial differential equations is introduced.

• 한국노년학
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.1059-1074
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• 2016

본 연구는 노인의 평생학습활동과 삶의 만족도, 우울의 구조적 관계를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구 목적 달성을 위한 분석자료로 제4차(2012) 고령화연구패널(Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing : KLoSA) 기본 조사 자료를 사용하여, 항 우울제를 복용하지 않는 만65세 이상 노인 4,096명을 대상으로 분석하였으며 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인의 비형식교육 활동 및 무형식학습 활동은 삶의 만족도에 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 노인의 비형식교육 활동 및 무형식학습 활동은 우울에 부의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 노인의 우울은 삶의 만족도에 부의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 노인의 비형식교육 활동 및 무형식학습 활동은 우울을 감소시켜 삶의 만족도에 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 우울이 부분 매개효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 비형식교육보다 무형식학습 활동의 간접효과가 더 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 실천적 함의를 제안하였다.

• 의료법학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.119-164
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• 2007

Improving the formal objection system regarding reviewing medical expenses requires authority and confidence in the aspect of well-functioning the health insurance review and assessment system, legally and appropriately. The purposes of improvement of the formal objection system should aim for protecting the people's right of health. On handling the formal objections, the disputes of the rights should be settled economically and promptly by fairness, specialty, and objectivity in the health insurance review and assessment administration. Therefore, in order to promote the administrative specialty of health insurance, the formal objection committee needs to be organized independently and guaranteed expertly. Under the current formal objection system, however, the organization of committee lacks right-relief function, recognition and public relation as a health insurance appeal system, and related professional man powers. It is also analyzed that there are several controversial points, such as mass deliberation to the formal objection committee and its conference procedure. As a measure of improvement, it is analyzed that the committee needs to be organized independently with a proper number of professional man powers. The strict deliberation procedures and the prohibition of the decision-making by non-conference are also required to be empowered. The formal objection procedure provides the beneficiaries and the claims legitimately, so that it secures the legal relations on the health insurance system. Therefore, on the conference process of formal objection, the expert and guaranteed protection should be provided promptly, and its procedures to the appellants should also be assisted kindly.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.644-672
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• 2019

Negative consequences incurred from employees' non-work-related computing (NWRC) have been one of the security-related issues in information intensive organizations. While most studies have focused on the factors that motivate employees to engage in NWRC, this study examines the mediating effect of moral beliefs on the relationship between sanctions and NWRC using a moral beliefs-based model. The research model posits that the formal (i.e., punishment severity and detection certainty) and informal sanctions (subjective norms and descriptive norms) enhance employees' moral beliefs against NWRC intention. From a cross-sectional scenario-based survey involving 176 employees working at banks in Mongolia, our results indicate that moral beliefs fully mediate the relationship between detection certainty/subjective norms and NWRC intention and act as a partial mediator in the relationship between descriptive norms and NWRC. The findings from this study present empirical evidence that both informal and formal sanctions could be an effective deterrent for NWRC intention through employees' moral beliefs.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제3호
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• pp.95-122
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• 1997

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of content and formal schema on reading comprehension. Five hundred fiftynine subjects from high school were assigned to one of the following levels and treatment conditions : (1) Higher level & Schema Activation, (2) Higher level & Non-schema Activation, (3) Lower level & Schema Activation, and (4) Lower level & Non-schema Activation. To evaluate the effects of schema activation. two experiments were conducted : one was related to the content schema and the other to the formal schema. To evaluate the effects of content schema, three different types of tests were conducted : (1) cloze test, (2) guessing the meanings of nonsense words, and (3) immediate recall test. To evaluate the effects of formal schema instruction, four kinds of tests were conducted : (1) sorting the sentences according to the importance, (2) identifying the signal words, (3) immediate recall test, and (4) identifying the specific information. For content schema condition, results indicated that the subjects given the titles or pictures before reading in "Content Schema Activation" treatment had better grades than those of the other treatment in all types of tests. regardless of their levels. Schema activation helped the subjects to increase the cognitive predictability of missing words and to participate in the tasks more actively with risk-taking. And it was also shown that good readers tend to process the words meaningfully, while poor readers tend to process the words phonetically or morphologically. Formal schema activation through teaching the text organization also had a significant influence on three types of tests: sorting the sentences according to the importance, identifying the signal words, and immediate recall test, but not on identifying the specific information. The implications from this study can be briefly noted as follows : (l) In teaching reading, the student's background knowledge should be activated as a pre-reading activity. (2) In reading, it is more important to emphasize the student's schema than the features of the text. (3) Various educational interventions should be introduced, especially for the lower level students. (4) Teaching text structures can be a powerful method for the top-down processing strategy.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2021

The condition of financial services in Indonesia is unique, based on various characteristics, behaviors, and preferences. Therefore, the study of finance and banking is interesting to study as a recommendation for government policies. This paper aims to analyze the barriers to accessing formal financial services in Indonesia and why informal financial services are preferred. This paper presents a case study of financial inclusion in selected provinces in Indonesia using the SOFIA dataset from the Ministry of National Development Planning. Overall, this data consists of 20,000 individuals from 4 provinces and 93 regions representing the population in eastern Indonesia. The analysis was carried out by processing individual-level cross-sectional data surveyed in 2017 using the probit binary logistic method. The results identify the individual barriers in accessing formal financial services, including account ownership, saving, and credit activities in the formal financial institutions, and amplify the image by analyzing what determinants affect people to choose informal institutions. We found that some individual characteristics such as age, gender, education, income, employment status, residence, and access to technology significantly affect the barrier to formal financial services in East Indonesia.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.147-164
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were to investigate the present status and problems of rural youth education, and to recommend desirable directions for improvement of rural youth education in Korea. The major findings of the study were: 1) programs of activities and financial supports for rural youth education were insufficient, 2) linkages of formal education with non-formal education were rather weak, 3) programs for humane characteristics and affective domain development were rare, and 4) opportunities for recreation and leisure, and career guidance were limited. For better rural youth education in the future, this study suggests; 1) the more programs should be made available for rural youths considering their developmental stages, 2) to strengthen the linkages between school education and non-formal education, 3) to give more opportunities for recreation and leisure, 4) to emphasize career guidance opportunities for the rural youths, 5) to develop programs for improving affective and character development, and 6) more governmental support should be given to empower rural youth educations.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.197-207
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• 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to study the zero-divisor properties of the zero-symmetric near-ring of skew formal power series R₀[[x; α]], where R is a symmetric, α-compatible and right Noetherian ring. It is shown that if R is reduced, then the set of all zero-divisor elements of R₀[[x; α]] forms an ideal of R₀[[x; α]] if and only if Z(R) is an ideal of R. Also, if R is a non-reduced ring and annR(a - b) ∩ Nil(R) ≠ 0 for each a, b ∈ Z(R), then Z(R₀[[x; α]]) is an ideal of R₀[[x; α]]. Moreover, if R is a non-reduced right Noetherian ring and Z(R₀[[x; α]]) forms an ideal, then ann_R(a - b) ∩ Nil(R) ≠ 0 for each a, b ∈ Z(R). Also, it is proved that the only possible diameters of the zero-divisor graph of R₀[[x; α]] is 2 and 3.

• 대한가정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한가정학회 1997년도 Program & Abstracts * The 7th Korea-Japan Home Economics Joint Syposium
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• pp.188-188
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• 1997

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2011

Treating genomes just as languages raises the possibility of producing concise generalizations about information in biological sequences. Grammars used in this way would constitute a model of underlying biological processes or structures, and that grammars may, in fact, serve as an appropriate tool for theory formation. The increasing number of biological sequences that have been yielded further highlights a growing need for developing grammatical systems in bioinformatics. The intent of this review is therefore to list some bibliographic references regarding the recent progresses in the field of grammatical modeling of biological sequences. This review will also contain some sections to briefly introduce basic knowledge about formal language theory, such as the Chomsky hierarchy, for non-experts in computational linguistics, and to provide some helpful pointers to start a deeper investigation into this field.