• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.957-964
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a gambling addictive behavior scale for adolescents. Methods: The process involved construction of a conceptual framework, initial item search, verification of content validity, selection of secondary items, and extraction of final items. The participants were 299 adolescents from two middle schools and four high schools. Item analysis, factor analysis, criterion validity, internal consistency, and ROC curve were used to analyze the data. Results: For the final scale, 25 items were selected, and categorized into 4 factors which accounted for 54.9% of the total variance. The factors were labeled as loss of control, life dysfunction from gambling addiction, gambling experience, and social dysfunction from problem gambling. The scores for the scale were significantly correlated with addictive personality, irrational gambling belief, and adolescent's gambling addictive behavior. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 25 items was .94. Scale scores identified adolescents as being in a problem gambling group, a non-problem gambling group, and a non-gambling group by the ROC curve. Conclusion: The above findings indicate that the gambling addictive behavior scale has good validity and reliability and can be used with adolescents in Korea.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.95-102
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• 2012

Interactive drama is a story which requires user's free choice and participation. In this study, we grasp user's preference by making training data that utilize characters of interactive drama. Furthermore, we describe process of implementing systems which recommend new users path of stories that correspond with their preference. We used PCA and NMF to extract characteristic of preference. The success rate of recommending was 75% with PCA, while 62.5% with NMF.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.63-71
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• 1990

The hydrodynamic model parameters for the submicron GaAs simulation are calculated using the Monte Carlo method. $\Gamma$, L-, and X-valleys are included in the conduction band of GaAs, and polar optic phonon, acoustic phonon, equivalent intervalley, non-equivalent intervalley, ionized impurity, and piezoelectric scattering are taken into account. The velocity-electric field strength curve obtained in this paper is in good agreement with experimental one. We present the results in tabular form so that other participants can make use of them to simulate the submicron GaAs devices by the hydrodynamic model.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.378-381
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• 2008

The regulating and relaxing targets in the Land Use Regulation and Total Maximum Daily Loads are influenced by Land cover information. For the providing more accurate land information, this study attempted to generate an impervious surface map using KOMPSAT-2 image which a Korea manufactured high resolution satellite image. The classification progress of this study carried out by tasseled-cap spectral enhancement through each class extraction technique neither existing classification method. KOMPSAT-2 image of this study is enhanced by Soil Brightness Index(SBI), Green vegetation Index(GVI), None-Such wetness Index(NWI). Then ranges of extracted each index in enhanced image are determined. And then, Confidence Interval of classes was determined through the calculating Non-exceedance Probability. Spectral distributions of each class are changed according to changing of Control coefficient(${\alpha}$) at the calculated Non-exceedance Probability. Previously, Land cover classification map was generated based on established ranges of classes, and then, pervious and impervious surface was reclassified. Finally, impervious ratio of reclassified impervious surface map was calculated with blocks in the study area.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2002

This study was carried out to evaluate the Physicochemical characteristics of mined waste(separated waste and soil) and to predict environmental effect of an old landfill site located at north of Seoul. Municipal solid waster(MSW) had been disposed of at the old landfill site used in this study for about 2 years(1990-1992). The old landfill site selected for this study had accepted mainly municipal solid waste. The landfill-mined waste contained separated waste (40.9%) and soil(59.1%) by wet weight basis. The separated waste consisted of combustible(91.0%) and non-combustible(9.0%). The combustible waste was mainly non-biodegradable plastics. The low heating value of the separated combustible waste, which is calculated by Dulong's equation, was as high as 3,470kcal/kg. According to the Korean Extraction Procedure, separated waste and soil were proved to be not hazardous. The total content of heavy metal in the separated waste and soil met standard of California State, USA. Therefore the separated waste may be relandfilled at a sanitary landfill site and/or burned up at an incinerator, and the separated old soil may be used ad landfill cover-soil at a sanitary landfill site. Water quality of two streams was grade IV, of which water could be used as industrial and agricultural water. The streams near the landfill site might not be contaminated by leachate from the old landfill site. It was estimated that organic matter in the old landfill site would not be actively biodegraded within a short period of time.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.770-778
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• 1996

A rapid and economical method of simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA from seaweeds has been developed by the use of lithium chloride. Lithium chloride facilitates the softening of cell walls resulting in a decrease in both compressive and tensile modulus of elasticity. The DNA was characterized by high molecular weight larger than 27 kb and a relative lack of carbohydrate and protein contamination. The DNA and RNA extracted by the method from many seaweeds were of sufficient quality to be used as a template for per amplification with a plant intergenic gene primer set, for RAPD analysis with arbitrary primers, and for differential display with arbitrary primers in the morphologically distinct regions of the matured Porphyra thallus. The cDNA polymorphism indicated that the reproductive tissue types (male, female, patch) had a relatively high degree of similarity; the vegetative tissue types (dividing, non-dividing) also showed a similar pattern with respect to each other. Holdfast tissue had very low similarity with the other tissues, but appeared most similar to vegetative non-dividing tissue type.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

A bibliographical review of Gy sampling theory for particulate materials was conducted to provide readers with useful means to reduce errors in soil contamination investigation. According to the Gy theory, the errors caused by the heterogeneous nature of soil include; the fundamental error (FE) caused by physical and chemical constitutional heterogeneity, the grouping and segregation error (GE) aroused from gravitational force, long-range heterogeneous fluctuation error ($CE_2$), the periodic heterogeneity fluctuation error ($CE_3$), and the materialization error (ME) generated during physical process of sample treatment. However, the accurate estimation of $CE_2$ and $CE_3$ cannot be estimated easily and only increasing sampling locations can reduce the magnitude of the errors. In addition, incremental sampling is the only method to reduce GE while grab sampling should be avoided as it introduces uncertainty and errors to the sampling process. Correct preparation and operation of sampling tools are important factors in reducing the incremental delimitation error (DE) and extraction error (EE) which are resulted from physical processes in the sampling. Therefore, Gy sampling theory can be used efficiently in planning a strategy for soil investigations of non-volatile and non-reactive samples.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.385-389
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• 2019

In this study, proteolytic enzymatic treatment conditions for Korean red ginseng were examined to increase the extraction yield. Commercially available proteases were screened to obtain high protein and carbohydrate yield. The optimal dosage and reaction time for Alcalase, the chosen protease, were found to be 2.0% (w/w) and 1.5 h, respectively. Treatment with optimal conditions of Alcalase increased solid yield, total phenolic content and gensenosides content by 57.6, 81.8, and 33.8%, respectively, over levels in non-treated Korean red ginseng. Antioxidative activities evaluated by free radical scavenging activity, cation radical scavenging activity and reducing power were exactly similar between Alcalase-treated and non-treated extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2007

A fine segmentation algorithm is proposed for extracting objects in an image, which have both weak boundaries and highly non-convex shapes. The image has simple background colors or simple object colors. Two concepts, geometric attraction-driven flow (GADF) and edge-regions are combined to detect boundaries of objects in a sub-pixel resolution. The main strategy to segment the boundaries is to construct initial curves close to objects by using edge-regions and then to make a curve evolution in GADF. Since the initial curves are close to objects regardless of shapes, highly non-convex shapes are easily detected and dependence on initial curves in boundary-based segmentation algorithms is naturally removed. Weak boundaries are also detected because the orientation of GADF is obtained regardless of the strength of boundaries. For a fine segmentation, we additionally propose a local region competition algorithm to detect perceptible boundaries which are used for the extraction of objects without visual loss of detailed shapes. We have successfully accomplished the fine segmentation of objects from images taken in the studio and aphids from images of soybean leaves.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.129-135
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• 2008

This paper presents a methodology to forecast KOSPI index by extracting fuzzy rules based on the neural network with weighted fuzzy membership functions (NEWFM) and the minimized number of input features using the distributed non-overlap area measurement method. NEWFM classifies upward and downward cases of KOSPI using the recent 32 days of CPPn,m (Current Price Position of day n for n-1 to n-m days) of KOSPI. The five most important input features among CPPn,m and 38 wavelet transformed coefficients produced by the recent 32 days of CPPn,m are selected by the non-overlap area distribution measurement method. For the data sets, from 1991 to 1998, the proposed method shows that the average of forecast rate is 67.62%.