• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.1346-1353
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• 1993

Recently , it has been popular for family use to sell a watermelon by the piece such as a half or a quarter. Therefore, it has been necessary to detect and sort out hollow or overripened watermelons before they are shipped. Previously, inspection and rejection of hollow or overripened watermelons were carried out by skilled inspectors with their experience and intuition based on the traditional slapping method. In recent years many inspectors have became older and are going to retire. Thus automatic quality measuring devices have to be developed. There are many reports on the measurement of internal quality for watermelons with non-destructive methods. However, there is no online device to detect and measure both hollow and ripeness of watermelons until now. We have developed the model MWA-9002 online device to detect hollow and measuring the ripeness of watermelons by acoustic impulse. The developed of this devices has enables accurate distinction and rejection at the same level of the skilled inspectors, and also has saved labor. Nowadays nine automatic watermelon sorting and packing facilities applied this device have installed in Japan.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
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• pp.210-218
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• 2000

Since the SSC(soluble solid contents) and titratable acidity of fruit are highly concerned to the taste, the need for measuring them by non-destructive technology such as NIR(Visual and Near-infrared) spectroscopy is increasing. Specially, in order to grade the quality of each fruit with a sorter at sorting and packing facilities, technologies for online measurement satisfying the tolerance in terms of accuracy and speed should be developed. Many researches have been done to develop devices to measure the internal qualities of fruit such as SSC, titratable acidity, firmness, etc. with the VIS(Visual)/NIR(Near Infrared) reflectance spectra. The distributions of the SSC, titratable acidity, firmness, etc. are different with respect to the position and depth of fruit, and generally the VIS/NIR light can interact with fruit in a few millimeters of pathlength, and it is very difficult to measure the qualities of inner flesh of fruit. Therefore, to measure the average concentrations of each quality factor such as SSC and titratable acidity with the reflectance-type NIR devices, the spectra of fruit at several positions should be measured. Recently, the interest about the transmittance-type VIS/NIR devices is increasing. NIR light can penetrate through the fruit about 1/10-1/1,000,000 %. Therefore, very intensive light source and very sensitive sensor should be adopted to measure the transmitted light spectra of intact fruit. The ultimate purpose of this study was to develop a device to measure the transmitted light spectra of intact fruit such as apple, pear, peach, etc. With the transmittance-type VIS/NIR device, the feasibility of measurement of the SSC and titratable acidity in intact fruit cultivated in Korea was tested. The results are summarized as follows; A simple measurement device which can measure the transmitted light spectra of intact fruit was constructed with sample holder, two 500W-tungsten halogen lamps, a real-time spectrometer having a very sensitive CCD array sensor and optical fiber probe. With the device, it was possible to measure the transmitted light spectra of intact fruit such as apple, pear and peach. Main factors affecting the intensity of transmitted light spectra were the size of sample, the radiation intensity of light source and the integration time of the detector. Sample holder should be designed so that direct light leakage to the probe could be protected. Preprocessing method to the raw spectrum data significantly influenced the performance of the nondestructive measurement of SSC and titratable acidity of intact fruit. Representative results of PLS models in predicting the SSC of peach were SEP of 0.558 Brix% and R2 of 0.819, and those in predicting titratable acidity were SEP of 0.056% and R2 of 0.655.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1529-1529
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• 2001

The watercore in apple is very important factor in storage and sorting of fruit. Most consumers tend to prefer the apple included watercore in immediately after harvest, however the watercore causes fruit flesh to brown during storage and lose the worth after all. But it is practically impossible to judge to the naked eye whether an apple has watercore or not. Therefore, the rapid, accurate and non-destructive analysis method for discrimination of watercore should be settled without delay. In this study we attempted the discrimination and quantitative analysis of watercore in apple fruit using near-infrared transmittance spectroscopy ‘Fuji’ apple fruits produced in Kyungpook of Korea was used in this experiment. The watercore content in apple was evaluated by graphic treatment of culled slice sections(10 mm). NIR transmittance spectra were collected over the 500 to 1000 nm spectral region with a spectrometer (Sentronic Co., Germany). The calibration models were carried out by partial least squares (PLS) analysis between NIR spectra data of apples and chemical data of watercore content. The spectra were different in absorbance between apple included watercore and not included one. Apple included watercore had higher absorption band than sample not included one at 732 and 820 nm. The calibration model seems to be accurate to predict the watercore content in apple fruit, the correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.99 and 0.93%, respectively. This result indicates that the PLSR calibration model by using NIR transmittance spectroscopy could be used for discrimination of watercore in apple fruit.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 발아여부를 고속 대량으로 측정 가능한 초분광 영상 시스템 기반의 비파괴 선별기술을 개발하고자 하였다. 수박의 건전종자 96립과 퇴화종자 96립을 초분광 단파적외선 시스템을 이용하여 측정하였으며, 종자발아검증은 국제종자검정협회(ISTA)규정에 맞추어 5~14일 동안 $25^{\circ}C$에서 BP(between paper)법을 이용하여 실시하였다. 스펙트럼 데이터는 초분광 영상 시스템을 이용하여 데이터를 획득하였으며, 종자 판별모델 개발에는 PLS-DA(partial least square - discriminant analysis)를 적용하였다. PLS-DA분석법을 이용한 종자의 발아여부 판별 결과는 mean normalization을 이용하여 데이터 전처리를 이용할 경우가 가장 우수했으며, calibration의 경우 94.7%의 분류 정확도를 보였으며, validation의 경우 84.2%의 분류 정확도를 나타내어 평균적으로 90.8%의 정확도를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 종자가 퇴화하면서 야기되는 구성성분물질의 차이로 인한 것으로 사료되며, 두 그룹의 분류에 주요한 영향을 끼친 요인의 파악 및 적용을 통해 종자선별기의 개발이 가능함을 보였다.