• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.77-87
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was done to analyze the effect of supervisor-focused impression management behavior of the airline cabin crew on perceived customer empathy. It focused on verifying dual meanings of the crew's emotional expression divided into surface acting and deep acting. Research design, data and methodology: The survey was conducted on cabin crews of two major Korean airlines. The reliability and validity of each variable used in the questionnaire were verified. Then, each hypothesis was analyzed through multiple regression analysis. Results: Firstly, the crew's supervisor-focused impression management behavior had a significant effect only on surface acting of the crew's emotional labor behavior. Among the crew's supervisor-focused IM behaviors, verbal IM behavior had a greater influence on surface acting than non-verbal IM behavior. Secondly, there was no relationship between the crew's supervisor-focused IM behavior and the crew's deep acting. Thirdly, the crew's emotional labor behavior (surface acting & deep acting) had a significant effect on perceived customer empathy. Fourth, the crew's deep acting had a greater influence on perceived customer empathy than surface acting. Conclusions: Cabin crews receive double evaluation from their immediate supervisors and customers. As a result, it was confirmed that the crew's supervisor-focused IM behavior, the crew's emotional labor behavior, and perceived customer empathy were connected process.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 1998

Circadian rhythms in subjective alertness, mood, and performance can be classified as psychological rhythm, compared with physiological rhythm such as body temperature and hormonal change. While in normal condition entrained by 24hr zeitgeber, subjective alertness would reach its maximum value around midday, subjective alertness would parallel body temperature rhythm with its peak at evening in non-entrained, free-running state. With desynchronization technique, subjective alertness rhythm is thought to be controlled by both temperature and sleep-wake rhythm oscillator. Circadian performance rhythms depend on the kind of task tested. It shows parallelism with body temperature rhythm when subjects are tested with simple, repetitive task. But when tested with tasks requiring complex verbal reasoning or immediate memory, subjects would perform them best at early morning, with performance decreasing as time of day advances. The desynchronization technique shows that circadian performance rhythm of simple, repetitive task is dependent on temperature oscillator but circadian performance rhythm of complex verbal reasoning is influenced by both temperature and sleep-wake rhythm oscillator or another independent oscillator. It would be worthwhile to compare psychological rhythm with hormonal change such as cortisol and melatonin. And more simple and time-saving method than desynchronization technique may facilitate the study of the mechanism underlying psychological rhythm.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.675-693
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• 2011

In its restricted sense, 'sound poetry' refers to the poetic performance that rejects words and verbal meaning and instead foregrounds the aural materiality of poetry. Behind this seeking for materiality lies a quest for a 'language of presence,' which operates through a denial of signification toward an ideal of the Adamic tongue, a purely emotional and universal language. In the same light, it is argued that sound poetry is a unique and unrepeatable event devoid of meaning due to its directness to the body allowing no intervention of intellectual and semiotic process. But language may involve perceptual meaning as well as verbal or conceptual meaning ascribed to words. This implies that even though devoid of conceptual meaning by means of using grammatically non-articulated sounds, sound poetry cannot but have meaning whose articulation is differently, i.e., iconically made about the aural features of the sounds. Perceptual meaning is unavoidable because everything we are conscious of is a reduced form, a repeatable pattern that works as a sign. 'Language of presence' is then actually impossible, and therefore sound poetry should be seen rather as a fest of diverse perceptual meanings.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.57-75
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to recognize the importance of a cooperative relationship in which parents of early childhood education institutions share responsibility and authority, and to suggest ways to establish efficient management strategies. Methods: The survey was conducted through online responses using Google surveys and SNS. The collected data was collected using SPSS 22.0 and Smart PLS 4.0 statistical programs. Results: Among the 13 hypotheses, only expertise in educational service quality was confirmed to have no effect on customer trust. The verification results of 11 mediation effects confirmed that customer satisfaction does not mediate the relationship between non-verbal communication and customer loyalty, and that customer trust does not mediate the relationship between expertise and verbal communication on customer loyalty. Conclusion: We presented basic data for establishing a marketing strategy that can improve the quality of services of infant and toddler education institutions and increase management performance.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2008

Religion is deeply connected with human culture and life, and affects all areas of religious people's lives. The aim of this study was to find out how fashion-conservativeness of religious people and non-religious people differ in Korea. Ten religious people and ten atheists all in their twenties were interviewed to find out the differences between religious people and non-religious people related to their viewpoints on clothes. The twenties age group was selected because people in their twenties are sensitive to fashions and styles, and a fair proportion of males and females were selected. The subjects were asked demographic questions, questions about their religion and faith, whether or not they thought they were conservative or affected by religion, and finally, what they thought of photographs of certain styles. 12 photographs from the 2006-7 F/W collections of London, Paris, New York and Milan were presented to the subjects. The photographs were from the Vogue U.K. website and divided into 6 major styles based on verbal evidence used to describe the collections in catwalk reports: "Sexy," "attitude/confidence," "luxury," "sophisticated/chic," "feminine," and "rock." In conclusion, religious people were found to be more conservative than non-religious people in their twenties because they prefer more conservative and covered up styles, have more negative views of bold and skin-showing trends, and regard some styles to be too sexy when non-religious people do not.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2015

We developed a test of English silent word reading, following work by Mather, Hammill, Allen and Roberts (2004) and Bell, McCallum, Krik, Fuller, and McCane-Bowling (2007), in order to tap Hong Kong Chinese children's reading of English as a foreign language. We created one subtest of individual word reading and another of word reading contextualized within sentences; together, these tests require no more than 10 minutes for administration. In Study 1, we administered the entire test to 552 second grade Hong Kong Chinese children between the ages of 70 and 121 months old, from five different primary schools. The association between the subtests of English silent word reading and contextual reading was positively correlated (.78). In Study 2, 77 Hong Kong Chinese second graders were tested on our newly developed English silent word reading test, together with non-verbal IQ, an English word reading and a Chinese character recognition test (both read aloud). With age and non-verbal IQ statistically controlled, there was a significant correlation between English silent word reading and the more standard English word reading, read aloud, (.78); the association between English silent word reading and Chinese character recognition was also positively correlated (.49). This newly created test is a quick and reliable measure, suitable for both educators and researchers to use to identify poor readers who learn English as a foreign or second language.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.402-411
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• 2013

Mobile contents market is growing with the rapid adoption of smart-phones. Online access via mobile compared to PC-based online access, has distinctive service delivery characteristics which are ubiquitous connectivity and contextual offer. In addition, this study includes characteristics which are relatively disadvantageous for mobile services compared to PC-based services. These are response time and supporting non-verbal informations. This study investigates the influence of service delivery characteristics to perceived interactivity and mobile service attitude. The results show that mobile services' ubiquitous connectivity and contextual offer showed a positive relationship with the perceived interactivity of the mobile service. And the response time also showed a positive relationship with the perceived interactivity, but non-verbal information didn't. When the trade-off is met between response time and nonverbal information, mobile service developer should choose response time since it has positive effect on perceived interactivity and attitude.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore the emotions of Facebook. Various types of emotions are being exchanged on Facebook. The emotional reactions make the Facebook different from previous electronic bulletin board. According to previous researches, computer-mediated communication can deliver visual symbols and non-verbal cues to enhance the abundance of meanings. Data were collected from 205 Facebook users and the number of users' posts were total 10308. The contents analysis was conducted to explore emotions of the 10308 Facebook posts. The results showed that the most frequent emotion was pleasure. The emotional distributions were different according to the contents types; text, video, photo, and link. For the text content type, emotion of curiosity was apparent and for the photo content type, emotion of love was more frequent than others, and for the video content type, emotion of surprise was salient. The results of the analysis for the shared contents also revealed that pleasure and hope were more frequent emotions than other emotions.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.351-358
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• 2003

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Desexualization Care guided by dramaturgical interaction on women's embarrassment during cervical cancer screening. Method: This study was carried out in a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized post-test only design. 62 women who had cervical cancer screening were' conveniently recruited from a university hospital health promotion center. Embarrassment was measured under four distinctive sub-dimensions by the method of self-reported questionnaire and blood pressure and pulse rates monitoring. The data of control group had a conventional pap smear were collected in advance and then those of experimental group were gathered after completing data collection in the control group. Women in experimental group were provided with a newly developed cervical cancer screening programme in which interdisciplinary team conducted dramaturgical interaction. Result: There was no significant difference in the scores of VAS between the two groups. The score of physiological response of Embarrassment Measurement Scale was significantly lower in experimental group than in the control group (p <.05), while no significant difference was found in cognitive-emotional, non-verbal and verbal behavioral responses between the two groups. There was also no significant difference in blood pressure and pulse rates between the two groups during cervical s creening. Conclus ion: Desexualization Care guided by dramaturgical interaction during cervical screening was found to have positive effect on physiological response of women's embarrassment. Further research for identifying other main variables which might have influenced on women's embarrassment is needed.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.245-254
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to examine predictive validity of Critical Care Non-verbal Pain Scale (CNPS) and develop criteria for pain assessment using CNPS with critically ill patients who have communication problems. Methods: Data were collected from intensive care units at three major general hospitals in Seoul and Kyunggi province. During each observation, a nurse assessed pain severity using CNPS ratings (range 0-9) at four treatment stages: at rest, during central catheter dressing change (nonpainful procedure), position change and suctioning (routine painful procedures). Patients also assessed their pain using a self-report 4-point VRS-4. Results: There were significant differences between the four treatment stages except between "at rest" and "nonpainful procedure". Strong correlations were found between CNPS and VRS-4 for "at rest" (r=.552, p<.001), central catheter dressing change (r=.505, p<.001), position change (r=.709, p<.001), and suctioning (r=.662, p<.001). ROC curve analysis of CNPS based on 3 point on VRS-4 showed the cutoff point was 3 for CNPS, the starting point for pain management with 73% sensitivity, 92.2% specificity, 73% positive predictive value, and 92.8% negative predictive value. Conclusion: Results indicate that CNPS is a valid tool for measuring pain in critically ill patients with communication problems and 3 point should be the standardized pain treatment point.