• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.286-298
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to survey the general characteristics, lifestyle include health habits, subjective health problems include physical, psychological and overall health complaints that occurring among Korean and Japanese nursing students. Data collected with the self-administered Okayama Medical Index Health Questionnaire(devised Cornell Medical Index) from 466 Korean and 688 Japanese Nursing Students were analyzed. The subjects were 18 to 24 years old in their 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year-class of nursing department. The total O.M.I. score(section A-R) ranged from 1 to 110 with an average of 22.3(SD=11.5) in Korean nursing students and 18.3(SD=10.1) in Japanese nursing students. A statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between Korean nursing student and Japanese nursing students for the overall health complaints. Korean nursing students have more health problems than Japanese nursing students in terms of physical and overall health complaints excluding psychological problems. About $4\%$ of Korean nursing students were current smokers and $64.2\%$ of Korean nursing students were drinker. Korean nursing students in the drinker's group were more likely to eat fatty foods(p<.001), and take worst lifestyle and have more subjective health problems than non drinker's group of Korean nursing students. Korean nursing students were more likely to perform bad health behaviors than Japanese nursing students. The drink habit is one of the biggest problems among the nursing student, and then we have to have the mobilizing for 'Change on Alcohol' in our universities. This conclusion should provide grounds for future studies of strategies for health promotion and of prevention measures for psychological ill-health of nursing students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.134-145
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate gender related factors that influence regular exercise adherence in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: This secondary analysis study used data from the 2013~2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Three hundred and eighty patients over 20 years of age and having coronary artery disease were selected for this study. Measures included questions about regular exercise, general characteristics, health behaviors, and health status. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Rao-Scott $x^2$ statistic, and multiple logistic regression analysis with the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The results were as follows. Men did more regular exercise than women (58.8% vs 40.1%). The multivariate-adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) for regular exercise adherence in men were 2.93 (95% CI: 1.39~6.17) for non smokers and 3.06 (95% CI: 1.53~6.13) for men with 0 to 1 comorbidities. Women had a high odds ratios of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.18~0.82) for not using alcohol and 2.10 (95% CI: 1.03~4.29) for no back pain. Conclusion: To improve regular exercise adherence in patients with coronary artery disease, it is necessary to develop different approaches considering gender.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.71-81
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• 2016

Objectives: Tobacco marketing encourages smoking initiation of non-smokers, especially adolescents, and it hinders quit intention of those who smoke or who attempt to quit smoking. Article 13 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(WHO FCTC) requests a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship(TAPS). Ratified the Convention in 2005, Korea has partially implemented the provisions. However, online marketing regulations are still insufficient. Methods: Based on relevant national and international regulations, this research designed monitoring mechanism for online tobacco marketing and studied 1,404 websites to identify current situation of online sales and advertisement of tobacco in Korea. Results: This study found that online trade of tobacco products are overtly conducted, while tobacco advertising with flavoring and misleading descriptors are also prevalent. Also, online tobacco marketing facilitate adolescents' access to tobacco product and that advertising and promotion activities lead to tobacco purchase without difficulties. Conclusions: Fundamental solution to prevent online tobacco advertisement and promotion is banning online sales of tobacco and conducting a regular monitoring for compliance. Korean government should consider establishing an official surveillance system for online tobacco advertisement, followed by a comprehensive ban on TAPS to fulfill its obligation as a Party to the FCTC.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 2002

PURPOSE: Estrogen replacement therapy is indicated for the relief of hot flushes and urogenital atrophy, the prevention of osteoporosis and the reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study assessed by blood pressure, heart rate variability, and climacteric symptoms in menopausal women before treatment and at 1 month during estrogen replacement therapy. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 16 healthy menopausal women (range 49 to 59 years, mean : 53.4 years) attending menopausal clinics for the complaint of climateric symptoms at S. hospital in Chunchoen. They were all non-smokers and no patient had symptoms or evidence of cardiovascular disease. They took estrogen replacement therapy (conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg with or without medroxy progesteron 2.5mg) for 1 month. Blood pressure, heart rate variability(heart period and vagal tone) through ECG, and climacteric symptom were measured in all subjects before treatment and at 1 month during treatment. Climacteric symptom questionnaire which was developed by Neugarten et al.(1963) was modified with 20 items of question(Cronbach's alpha = 88 -.89). The data was collected from Sept. 1. 2000 to July. 30. 2001. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mean systolic and diastolic pressure between the baseline and at 1 month during treatment. The mean heart period and vagal tone were slightly increased, but difference of mean heart period and vagal tone were not statistically significant between the baseline and at 1 month during treatment. The score of climacteric symptoms decreased significantly from the baseline after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Even though, this study did not show that estrogen replacement therapy led decrease of blood pressure and increase heart rate variability, climacteric symptoms reduced much in all subjects after taking drugs. These results suggest that there is need to repeat study with long term period.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.333-338
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• 2015

Background: Oral health professionals are responsible in Iran for providing a brief tobacco cessation program to smoker patients. The aim of this study was to assess Iranian dental student and dentist practice, knowledge and attitudes toward smoking cessation programs. Materials and Methods: A valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed to 150 dentists working in Isfahan-Iran and 60 dental students. Some questions were developed based on the expected 5A tobacco cessation protocol. Statements on attitudes focused on professional responsibility towards smoking cessation and its effectiveness. Chi-square, ANOVA, and t test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The cessation program in dental settings covers a small group of patients (18%). Some 69.1% (n=96) of dentists reported asking their patients about tobacco use, 64% (n=83) advising their patients to quit, 33.8% (n=47) assessing their patients willingness to quit and 20% (n=28) reported helping their patients in changing their behavior. A far lower percentage reported active involvement in arranging assistance for smokers to quit (4.3%, n=5). Some 22% of students and 26% of dentists disagreed that the tobacco cessation programs should be as part of dentists' professional responsibility and 70% of them were willing to follow the protocol of tobacco cessation for patients. Conclusions: Iranian dentist performance regarding tobacco cessation is weak. Dentists and students indicated their lack of knowledge as the major reason for non-adherence to the protocol. Therefore, planning to encourage dentist to follow the protocol needs continuous educational programs.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2011

Background: Increasing numbers of young people go to clubs. In Korea, however, no studies have been conducted regarding the exposure of club patrons to secondhand smoke. The present study was conducted to evaluate the degree of club customers' exposure to secondhand smoke. Methods: The study subjects included 10 male and 12 female non-smokers. The investigational site was a club located in Daegu. Urine samples were collected before exposure to secondhand smoke in the club and 6 hours after a 3-hour exposure. The urine cotinine levels were measured via the LC -MS/MS method. A survey was conducted to collect data regarding the subjects' smoking experiences and the degree of exposure to secondhand smoke in their daily lives. Results: The average urine cotinine level increased from 1.09 ${\mu}g/L$ to 5.55 ${\mu}g/L$ ($p$<0.05). No significant difference existed in the change in urine cotinine level between the male and female subjects. In addition, there was no significant difference in the change in urine cotinine level by the degree of exposure to secondhand smoke in daily life. Conclusions: The average urine cotinine level in all the subjects significantly increased after exposure to secondhand smoke. This is the first study on exposure to secondhand smoke in clubs; these results can be used to craft measures that reduce exposure to secondhand smoke in public places, such as clubs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10627-10630
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• 2015

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations play a vital role in the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Such somatic mutations are more common in women who are non-smokers with adenocarcinoma and are of Asian origin. However, to our knowledge, there are few studies that have focused on men. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty-four consecutive patients (90 men and 94 women) of resected lung adenocarcinoma were studied retrospectively. Results: EGFR mutations were positive in 48.9% and negative (wild type) in 51.1%. Overall mutation was significant in women (66.0% vs. 32.2%) compared with men (p<0.001). For overall patients, EGFR mutation status was associated with gender, pStage, pT status, lepidic dominant histologic subtype, pure or mixed ground-glass nodule type on computed tomography and smoking status. However, in men, EGFR mutation status was only associated with lepidic dominant histologic subtype and not the other variables. Interestingly, the Brinkman index of men with mutant EGFR also did not differ from that for the wild type ($680.0{\pm}619.3$ vs. $813.1{\pm}552.1$ p=0.1077). Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of men with lung adenocarcinoma related to EGFR mutation are not always similar to that of overall patients. Especially we failed to find the relationship between EGFR mutations and smoking status in men.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1641-1649
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• 2014

This study aimed to analyze the occurrence of colon polyps and also risk factors of colon polyps. Among health examination examinees, 508 people were included who underwent colonoscopy and abdominal ultrasonography at the same time. Physical measurements also performed such as height, weight, blood pressure, waist measurement and BMI. General characteristics including age, sex, smoking, drinking and exercise as a risk factors were checked. At the same time, we analyzed various blood tests and fasting blood sugar through blood-gathering. In the results, regarding risk factors of colon polyps, AST, ALT, TC, fatty liver, obesity and smoking were shown significantly high. As a dependent variable with colon polyps, the highest relation was fatty liver(3.4 times), and then T-C(2.3 times). Smoking factor showed 2.3 times higher relation than non-smokers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.253-260
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• 2018

Diffusion tensor images were obtained to investigate the damage of brain white matter in non-smokers and an adequate drinking group (less than 10 points) selected by scores of the Korean versions of alcohol use disorders identification test questionnaire. Factional anisotropy (FA) values, according to the variables of age and body mass index (BMI), were not statistically significant in all regions of the brain white matter after measurement of factional anisotropy (FA) values by the tract-based spatial statics (TBSS) method. In other words, age and body mass index (BMI) do not significantly affect the microstructural changes of the brain white matter.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.89-99
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was designed to examine the effects of oral health behaviors and use of dental clinics on periodontal diseases in women, the purpose of this study is to provide basic information to develop program for dental health promotion in young women. Methods: We conducted a survey targeting 486 women that agreed with the survey and were going to dental clinic from October 1, 2013 to October 18, 2013. We surveyed them by self-administered questionnaire and analyzed it by SPSS Win 19.0 program. Results: 1. For differences in periodontitis according to general characteristics, if th age is high, ratio of periodontitis is high. Married woman is higher than single one in ratio of periodontitis. Also the more number of birth, the higher ratio of periodontitis is.(p<.05) 2. For differences of periodontitis by dental care behavior, ratio of periodontitis of non-smokers is significantly low. For one that brush one's teeth broadside, the ratio of periodontitis is high.(p<.05) 3. For differences of periodontitis by use of dental clinic service, ratio of periodontitis of one that have more times visit to a dental clinic, more annual average cost for dental care, and regular dental check-ups is relatively low.(p<.05). 4. For determinant factors influencing on periodontitis, ratio of periodontitis of one that is old, have more stress, have a low level of education, and have preventive dental care is high. Ratio of periodontitis of one that have less toothbrushing and brush one's teeth after having lunch or a snack and before sleeping is significantly low. Conclusions: From this study, dental health behavior as the factor influencing on periodontitis of young women is statistically meaningful. Because this dental health behavior has a lot of potential to be improved by government and local community efforts such as education and social support, we think that systematic and various educational program development is needed to strengthen self dental care ability effectively with policy support.