• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 1985

The result of the close analysis of the health status of 549 working students (the experimental group) of a high school attached to an industry and that of 1,259 non-working students (control group) based on the question provided by CMI from 1st, June to 31st, July 1984 has been revealed as follows: 1. In contrast with the control group, the experimental one is statistically noticeably higher (p<0.01) in their average complaints both in terms of the whole items(A-R) and the physical items (A-L) 2. In the experimental group, particularly the item(L) for habits has the highest rate of average complaints, followed by the item(B) for the respiratory system and the item(E) for the musculoskeletal system. 3. The average complaints of the individual class in both the experimental group and the control group have the tendency to be on the increase accordingly as the school year goes up, and the increasing rate of the experimental group has turned out to be higher than that of the control group. 4. The average complaints of the experimental group based on residential types are the highest(34.7%) in the case of cooking food for oneself, followed by a dormitory(30.3%), and one's own house (28.5%). 5. The average complaints based on the individual working place has been found out to be higher than the rest in the item of the miscellaneous disease of the blowing and roving parts, the respiratory system of the carding part, the fatigability of the spinning part, the tension of inspecting part.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2007

Purpose: Ths study aims to examine characteristics of patients using emergency room after execution of five-day workweek system by government and provide basic materials for operation of efficient emergency room. Methods: Data were collected tbrough medical records of patients visiting emergency room from July of 2004 to October of 2006 and they were analyzed with SPSSlPC 10.0. Conclusion : 1. The number of patients visiting emergency room was average 16.7 persons a day in 2004, 17.5 in 2005 and 18.6 in 2006 and it was found that it was increasing every year since the execution of five-day workweek system 2. Gender distribution of subjects using emergency room was higher in male than in female every year. 3. Means of transport to emergency room were mostly private car and others(public transport or on foot), but use of ambulance was increasing. 4. Residential areas of subjects were mostly 'Myeon area' in 2004~2005, but it was changed to residents at 'Eup area' in 2006. 5. Distribution of patients by medical departments was highest in internal medicine and surgery in 2004~2006 and rate of visiting pediatrics was increasing every year. 6. Time to stay at emergency room was most at 'below 30 min'. in 2004~2006, but cases of stay for 'more than 2 hours' were increasing every year. 7. On presence or absence of trauma in patients visiting emergency room, rate of visit to emergency room with 'no trauma' was higher and this result was increasing every year. 8. As a result of classifying severity of patients visiting emergency room, use rate of emergency room by 'non-emergency' patients was over 90% in 2004~2006 and such a phenomenon was deepened in 2006 compared to that in 2004. 9. Measures after emergency care of patients were most in case of 'discharge' in 2004~2006, but cases of admission to hospital after emergency care were increased every year. 10. According to use of emergency room by a day of the week, use on Sunday was most frequent in 2004~2006, but use on Friday the day before holiday was increasing. 11. According to distribution by age, use by those between '40~49' was most in 2004~2005, but use by those 'below 10' was most in 2006. 12. According to time to visit emergency room, using emergency room at "15:31~23:30 was most in 2004~2006, cases of visiting emergency room at day working hour were decreased every year and those at evening and night working hours were increased. Conclusion: In sum, it was found that characteristics of patients visiting emergency room and their actual status were changed after the execution of five-day workweek system and efforts to rearrange emergency medical system are required.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.21-34
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial-temporal proliferation of individual factories in the Seoul Metropolitan Area and to provide policy implications. The location of the factory is divided into individual locations and planned locations. In the case of individual locations, it takes a long time to establish factories. Also, due to high cost and regulation, the establishment of individual factories is not easy. However, since the establishment process is simple and the price of land is low, the establishment of individual factories has led to an increase in the number of individual factories. The problem of the undeveloped factories is that the lack of infrastructure such as the road and environmental pollution treatment facilities around the factory deteriorates the pleasant environment and the cityscape and deteriorates the health of the residents in the surrounding area. In this study, we analyzed the location of individual factories established in the Seoul metropolitan area from 2001 to 2016 by using ArcGIS Pro. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, individual location factories are formed around existing industrial complexes and industrial sites. The reason for this is considered to be the external effect that can be obtained from the surrounding area. Secondly, since the Seoul city's individual location factories are established in many residential areas, it shows the conflicting result of the mixture of residence and factory. Third, the Gyeonggi province's individual location factories have a high proportion of non-urban areas. This is because the Gyeonggi province's management area occupies a larger proportion than other areas in Gyeonggi province. This study analyzed the spatial - temporal spreading process of individual factories and the unfolding of individual factories in the metropolitan area, and it can provide policy implications to control the over development of individual factories in the future.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.240-250
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• 2016

Monitoring for water quantity and quality was conducted in this study for 2 years (2012~2013) in Oenam Stream which is a tributary of Seomjin River and upstream of Juam Lake. Suspended solid and total phosphorous(TP) were monitored and analyzed, then water quantity and quality as well as their relation with landuses were identified based on the previous study. Flow showed the similar pattern with precipitation but some discrepancies existed due to the distance between weather station(Gwangju) and study area. Watershed was modeled based on observed data using SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool). Model calibration was conducted using data obtained in 2012 and validation was conducted using data in 2013. The coefficient of determination ($R^2$) between observed and modeled showed 0.6644 and 0.5176 for flow and TP, respectively for model calibration period. For validation period, $R^2$ was 0.7529 for flow and 0.7057 for TP, which were higher than calibration period. Hot spots were determined for watershed management by analyzing the amount of sediment and TP outcome from each sub-watershed. TP loading by landuse determined that cropland, of which the area takes only 5% from entire watershed, generated 53.6% of TP and residential and cowshed was responsible for 23.5% of TP loading.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2007

Pyrethroid insecticide have widely been used for agricultural sector and residential environments. To assess the exposure of insecticide which is absorbed through skin the analysis of urinary metabolite is essential. At present, the urinary 3-PBA was analyzed using liquid-phase extraction. But LPE have many limitations, such as long pre-treatment time and low recovery. So, this study was conducted to determine the optimum conditions for analysing 3-PBA in urine using solid phase extraction. Furthermore, this study intend to investigate the relation of concentrations of pyrethroid, deltamethrin in air and 3-PBA in urine. The optimum condition for hydrolysis was found to be done with hydrochloric acid for one hour. The recovery rates of 3-PBA were $84.6%{\pm}1.2%$, $54.8{\pm}0.9%$, $99.8{\pm}1.2%$ with XAD-2, XAD-7, XAD-16 using as the aborbents and acetone as eluents respectively. But acetonitrle and methanol gave low recovery rate and methyl cellosolve could not elute the compound. The amount of acetone for elution were 6mL, 9mL, 3mL for XAD-2, XAD-7, XAD-16 as absorbents respectively. The non-absorbed rates was $0.8{\pm}0.5%$, and $0.7{\pm}0.3%$ under XAD-16, mesh size 140-200, amount of resin 1.4g and the flow rate of eluent was 0.1mL/min. In the concentration process, we obtained 11 times higher concentration of material. The amounts of urinary 3-PBA were. The LODs of 3-PBA and deltamethrin were 0.004 mg/L, 0.038 mg/L, respectively. The further research of minute monitoring which include spray pattern, environmental condition is needed And more research about the relation between total pyrethroid exposure and urinary various metabolite are also necessary.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.522-526
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• 2006

To investigate the characteristics of rainwater in Daegu area, parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, TOC, TIC and TC were analyzed on 34 samples from January to December 2005. Results revealed that higher values were measured in winter than in summer. Furthermore samples that originated from industrial and commercial areas had higher chemical concentrations and conductivity as compared with those from residential and reference areas. Seldom acid-rain occurrence was recorded(27.2%) as compared with non-acid precipitation(72.8%) incidence. Also higher organic carbon fraction(TOC) was detected(72.5%) than inorganic form(TIC)(27.5%) in terms of component ratio with TC. During frequent rainfalls, the concentration of chemicals was decreased to a degree. Conversely, lower rate of rainfall gave out higher chemical values. Thereby the improvement of air qualify in 2005 compare with 2003 report was influenced by the environment authorities' efforts to reduce air pollutions and various factors by the depression of the region's economy.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.64-69
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• 2008

As the grid-connected photovoltaic power conditioning systems (PVPCS) are installed in many residential areas, these have raised potential problems of network protection on electrical power system. One of the numerous problems is an Islanding phenomenon. There has been an argument that it may be a non-issue in practice because the probability of islanding is extremely low. However, there are three counter-arguments: First, the low probability of islanding is based on the assumption of 100% power matching between the PVPCS and the islanded local loads. In fact, an islanding can be easily formed even without 100% power matching (the power mismatch could be up to 30% if only traditional protections are used, e.g. under/over voltage/frequency). The 30% power-mismatch condition will drastically increase the islanding probability. Second, even with a larger power mismatch, the time for voltage or frequency to deviate sufficiently to cause a trip, plus the time required to execute a trip (particularly if conventional switchgear is required to operate), can easily be greater than the typical re-close time on the distribution circuit. Third, the low-probability argument is based on the study of PVPCS. Especially, if the output power of PVPCS equals to power consumption of local loads, it is very difficult for the PVPCS to sustain the voltage and frequency in an islanding. Unintentional islanding of PVPCS may result in power-quality issues, interference to grid-protection devices, equipment damage, and even personnel safety hazards. Therefore the verification of anti-islanding performance is strongly needed. In this paper, improved RPV method is proposed through considering power quality and anti-islanding capacity of grid-connected single-phase PVPCS in IEEE Std 1547 ("Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources to Electric Power Systems"). And the simulation results are verified.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2009

This study was conducted to identify the magnitude of first flush in small city urban area and to provide the basic information on the criteria of stormwater runoff management. Monitoring site was surrounded by residential area in Gumi city near to national industrial complex and the monitoring period was three months. Total watershed area was 24.9 ha, where 80% of the area is impervious (asphalt of pavement type). Periodic monitoring of conventional water quality parameters were conducted with six times of rainfall period. Event mean and site mean concentrations for all the parameters were calculated based on the analytical results. Particle size distribution was 9.82 ${\mu}m$ for $D_{0.1}$, 38.99 ${\mu}m$ for $D_{0.5}$ and 159.61 ${\mu}m$ for $D_{0.9}$ respectively. First flush phenomenon was detected highly in particulate solids than dissolved ones. The first flush criteria results by mass first flush contained between 44.4% to 58.5% pollutant mass during the first 30% of runoff volume. Mass first flush ratio and particle size distribution obtained in this study are expected to provide the basic information for the design and operation of non-point source treatment facility.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.135-147
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• 2008

One of the efforts both to prevent urban sprawling development patterns and to promote use of public transportation is known as Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), including such planning elements as the density and diversity of land use and pedestrian-friendly urban design around a transit center. The aim of this study is thus to conduct impact analyses of TOD planning elements on transit ridership in the Seoul rail station areas. First, the authors investigate and draw out various actual elements of TOD planning by using GIS-based data and Smart Card data. Then the authors analyze impacts of TOD planning elements on transit ridership for the Seoul rail station areas. After condensing 34 variables presumably influencing transit ridership into seven factors by using factor analyses, the study utilizes multiple regression modeling methods to identify their impacts on transit ridership. The analysis results demonstrate that transit ridership tends to increase more in rail station areas where there is a non-residential high density, mixed use of land and narrow and small-size road network patterns. The implementation of TODs should be a useful method in inducing a Transit-Oriented City through redevelopment and new development.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to understand public perception of home-based hospice and identify related factors. Methods: Between August 19, 2014 and August 30, 2014, data were collected using an E-mail questionnaire that was filled by 1,500 adults who were over 20 years of age. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test and logistic regression. Results: Among the respondents, 15.9% were aware of home-based hospice care, and 61.3% were willing to receive home-based hospice care. The factors that influenced the participants' willingness to use home-based hospice services included residential district, religion and private health insurance. Respondents who lived in Seoul (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.04~2.33), Gwangju/Jeolla province (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.23~3.32), Busan/Ulsan/South Gyeongsang province (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.17~2.82) were more well-aware of home-based hospice care than those who lived in Incheon/Gyeonggi province. The faithful were more informed about the services than those without non-faithful participants (Roman Catholics (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.30~3.17), Protestants (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.22~2.53). Participants who had a private health insurance plan knew more about the services than those without one (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.03~2.04). Conclusion: First, it is necessary to improve perception of the public and healthcare providers regarding home-based hospice care. The government should review a measure to institutionalize operation of a palliative care team at hospitals and community home-based hospice care centers.