• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제53권
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• pp.5-28
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• 2011

이 연구는 최근 한국 언론에서 점차 강도를 더해가고 있는 무보도 현상에 대해 정당성과 타당성을 따져보고자 했다. 무보도란 사회적으로 중요한 이슈임에도 불구하고 언론이 이를 보도를 하지 않는 경우를 일컫는 것으로 언론학계에서 문제의 인식은 있었으나 명확한 사례 연구 및 비판이 이뤄지지 못한 영역이었다. 연구는 국정원 기무사의 민간사찰 관련 사안을 주요 언론사간 보도유무 행태를 중심으로 비교하는 작업을 통해 한국 사회에서 나타나고 있는 무보도 현상이 보도를 못한 것이 아니라 안한 것이며 여기에 신문의 정파성이 개입되어 있음을 밝히는 작업으로 시작되었다. 그런 이유로 무보도는 언론의 사회적 책임이자 수용자의 알권리를 충족시키는 언론윤리 관점에서 기본 책무를 무시하는 행위여서 정당성이 없음을 다양한 이론적 논의와 언론현업의 강령 등을 통해 밝혔다. 그리고 공론장 이론의 논리적 틀과 이를 뒷받침 할 다양한 경험적 자료를 통해 한국 사회의 이념갈등 해소라는 목표에 비추어 무보도 현상이 도움이 안 되는 것이 아니라 해로운 결과를 가져 올 수 있음을 논증하였다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.454-463
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was designed to identify the factors affecting the nurses' experience of non-reporting adverse incidents in hospital. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive survey design and nonrandom, convenience sampling. Study subjects were 392 clinical nurses, who have agreed to be the subject of this research. The measuring instrument of attitudes toward incident reporting was developed by the authors. The questionnaire which consisted of 17 items about worry about appraisal, the belief in improvement, the intention of reporting, and knowledge was measured by 5-point Likert-type scale. The estimate of internal consistency was alpha =.84. Analysis of data was done with use of mean, t-test, ANOVA, logistic regression with SPSS program. Results: Clinical nurses had experience of reporting incident (51.3%), non-reporting incident (76.5%). Statistically, significant differences were found between experiences group and non experience group in intention on reporting, belief on improvement, and worry about appraisal. Logistic regression analysis showed that the significant predictors were caused by report no-fault cases, belief on improvement, worry about appraisal. Conclusion: The result also indicated that, to improve the incident reporting and risk management, it might be necessary to give a belief that it results on improvement and remove concern about punishment through construction of no-blame system.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.505-512
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• 2020

Background: In monitoring exposure to environmental smoke (ETS), biomarkers can overcome the subjectivity and inaccuracy of self-reporting measurements, and have the advantage of reflecting ETS exposure in all places. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ETS exposure measurement using biomarkers such as urine cotinine. Methods: This study used the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey data from 2009 to 2018. A total of 28,574 non-smokers with urine cotinine data were selected for the study. The cotinine concentration and ETS exposure rate using urine cotinine was estimated and then compared with the self-reporting measurements. The degree of agreement among measurements of ETS exposure was confirmed. Results: As a result of measuring ETS exposure with urine cotinine, 23,594 (83.8%) out of 28,574 subjects were classified as to exposure groups. This estimate differs significantly from measurements made by self-reporting. In addition, the average concentration of cotinine in non-smokers has decreased to a 10th level over the past 10 years. Based on the biomarker, the sensitivity of the self-reporting was 8.5%-29.0%, the specificity was 16.4%-19.5%, and the kappa value was 2.0%-5.8%. Conclusion: The findings of our study show that self-reporting measurement does not well reflect the extent to which non-smoker's exposure to smoking materials. Whereas cotinine concentration has decreased significantly over the past 10 years, the ETS exposure rate has not reduced. It strongly suggests the need for intervention in the group of non-smokers exposed to low concentrations of smoke. Therefore, an assessment using biomarkers such as cotinine-based measurement should be made in the Health Plan 2030.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

Fast service access involves keeping track of the location of mobile users, while they are moving around the mobile network for a satisfactory level of QoS (Quality of Service) in a cost-effective manner. The location databases are used to keep track of Mobile Terminals (MT) so that incoming calls can be directed to requested mobile terminals at all times. MT reporting cell system used in location management is to designate each cell in the network as a reporting cell or a non-reporting cell. Determination of an optimal number of reporting cells (or reporting cell configuration) for a given network is reporting cell planning (RCP) problem. This is a difficult combinatorial optimization problem which has an exponential complexity. We can see that a cell in a network is either a reporting cell or a non-reporting cell. Hence, for a given network with N cells, the number of possible solutions is 2^N. We propose a biogeography based optimization (BBO) for design of mobile station location management system in wireless communication network. The number and locations of reporting cells should be determined to balance the registration for location update and paging operations for search the mobile stations to minimize the cost of system. Experimental results show that our proposed BBO is a fairly effective and competitive approach with respect to solution quality for optimally designing location management system because BBO is suitable for combinatorial optimization and multi-functional problems.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제28권B호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2008

In the Reporting Cell Location Management (RCLM) system, a subset of cells in the network is designated as the reporting cells. Each mobile terminal performs location update only when it enters one of these reporting cells. When a call arrives, the paging is confined to the reporting cell the user last reported and the neighboring bounded non-reporting cells. Frequent location update may result in degradation of quality of service due to interference. Miss on the location of a mobile terminal will necessitate a search operation on the network when a call comes in. We must decide the number of reporting cells and which cell should be reporting cell to balance the registration (location update) and search (paging) operations to minimize the cost of RCLM system. This paper proposes a simulated annealing (SA) for optimization of RCLM system.

• 산업공학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2006

In the Reporting Cell Location Management (RCLM) system, a subset of cells in the network is designated as the reporting cells. Each mobile terminal performs location update only when it enters one of these reporting cells. When a call arrives, the paging is confined to the reporting cell the user last reported and the neighboring bounded non-reporting cells. Frequent location update may result in degradation of quality of service due to interference. Miss on the location of a mobile terminal will necessitate a search operation on the network when a call comes in. We must decide the number of reporting cells and which cell should be reporting cell to balance the registration (location update) and search (paging) operations to minimize the cost of RCLM system. This paper proposes a ranking ant colony system (RACS) for optimization of RCLM system.

• 경영과학
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2011

The objective of this paper is to propose a Binary Particle Swarm Optimization(BPSO) for design of reporting cell management system. The assignment of cells to reporting or non-reporting cells is an NP-complete problem having an exponential complexity in the Reporting Cell Location Management(RCLM) system. The number of reporting cells and which cell must be reporting cell should be determined to balance the registration(location update) and search(paging) operations to minimize the cost of RCLM system. Experimental results demonstrate that BPSO is an effective and competitive approach in fairly satisfactory results with respect to solution quality and execution time for the optimal design of location management system.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.172-181
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of strategies to promote reporting of errors on nurses' attitude to reporting errors, organizational culture related to patient safety, intention to report and reporting rate in hospital nurses. Methods: A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used for this study. The program was developed and then administered to the experimental group for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, $\chi^2$-test, t-test, and ANCOVA with the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group showed significantly higher scores for nurses' attitude to reporting errors (experimental: 20.73 vs control: 20.52, F=5.483, p=.021) and reporting rate (experimental: 3.40 vs control: 1.33, F=1998.083, p<.001). There was no significant difference in some categories for organizational culture and intention to report. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that strategies that promote reporting of errors play an important role in producing positive attitudes to reporting errors and improving behavior of reporting. Further advanced strategies for reporting errors that can lead to improved patient safety should be developed and applied in a broad range of hospitals.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2016

Purpose - A growing demand for sustainability reporting has placed pressure on firms with non-financial information that affects firm valuation, growth, and development. In particular, a number of researchers have investigated various topics in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), non-financial information. Prior studies suggest that CSR may affect corporate outcomes like corporate reporting, financial performance, and disclosures. However, the results from prior studies are not clear whether CSR affects corporate outcomes. This is partially due to the measurement issues with CSR. In this study, we examine whether CSR affects the quality of corporate reporting, one of the popular measures in corporate outcomes. We find an evidence that CSR positively affects the quality of corporate reporting. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, we collected a unique dataset of CSR from MSCI. Total 169 firms listed in the Korean Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2014 were collected and analysed with the detailed CSR reports. Using a correlation test, we found a weak association between CSR and the quality of corporate reporting. However, the regression tests provided a strong relationship between CSR and the quality of corporate reporting after controlling for other variables that may affect the quality of corporate reporting. Additionally, we calculated the t-statistics based on heteroskedaticity-consistent standard errors (White, 1980). Results - Before we run the regression test, we sort the measures of the two dependent variables into each rating of CSR (from AAA to CCC). The results indicate that the quality of corporate reporting measured by discretionary accruals and performance-matched discretionary accruals monotonically decrease as the CSR ratings increase. This supports our hypothesis. In the regression tests, the coefficient on MJDA (PMDA) is -0.183 (-0.173) and significant at the 5% level. We can interpret the results as CSR affecting the quality of corporate reporting in positive ways. Other coefficients on control variables are consistent with prior studies. For example, the coefficients on both LOSS and LEV are positive and significant at conventional level, meaning that firms with financial difficulty may harm their quality of corporate reporting. Conclusion - We found an evidence that CSR is positively associated with the quality of corporate reporting. This study contributes to the literature in various ways. First, this study extends the line of CSR research by providing additional evidence in the setting of ethical behaviors by managements. This is consistent with the hypothesis and supports the results of prior studies. Second, to the best of my knowledge, this is the first study using the MSCI CSR ratings. In contrast with prior studies using different measures of CSR, the MSCI CSR ratings allow us to provide in-depth analysis. Third, the additional measure of dependent variable (PMDA) allows us to improve the robustness of our results. Overall, the results provided this study to extend the findings in prior studies by providing incremental evidence.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2022

This study examines the impact of female representation on board of directors and audit committees on financial reporting quality, which also discusses the moderating role of family ownership in female representation on boards of directors and audit committees and financial reporting quality. The unbalanced panel is made up of 271 non-financial companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from 2008 to 2019.The findings reveal that female representation on the board of directors has a large and negative impact on financial reporting, but female representation on the audit committee has a significant positive impact on financial reporting quality. Furthermore, the results reveal that family ownership has a negative impact on the relationship between female presence on boards of directors and financial reporting quality. Furthermore, the findings show that family ownership reduces the impact of female involvement in audit committees on the quality of financial reporting. However, family ownership has no direct impact on financial reporting quality.Our findings suggest that selecting females to serve on boards of directors and audit committees should be based on specific criteria (e.g., monitoring abilities, business competence, knowledge, and experience) rather than on family relationships.