• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.507-518
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• 2022

This study aimed to measure the monetary and non-monetary effects on brand awareness at hypermarkets in Riyadh. The independent variable consists of three sub-variables: price reductions, free samples, and purchasing vouchers. The research population has all Saudi and non-Saudi buyers in Riyadh. The figures show that the population size reached 3.87 million in 2019. The proportional stratification sampling technique and the recommended sample size were 387 buyers. The five-point Likert scale with the fully structured questionnaire was used. The study concldes the effect of free samples on brand awareness while there was no effect of monetary instruments. The results show that the three sales promotion incentives (price reduction, free samples, and purchasing vouchers) moderately affected brand awareness and a key role in explaining consumer behavior, so the significant impact was proved. In summary, this study showed that price reductions have the power of creating the perception of buyers at hypermarkets in Riyadh. Non-cash instruments were more effective than cash instruments in enhancing brand awareness at the hypermarkets in the Saudi market. So, the price reductions and purchasing vouchers have less power in conducting communication-based awareness. Building awareness and improving brand image through free samples were most visible in communication strategy.

• 농촌계획
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.77-92
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• 1995

The initiative to determine farmland use has been transferred to local side under the decentralized government system in Korea. New Land Act and Rural Development Act support it. Changes in external and internal environments of Korean agriculture require to diversify farmland use. Lpcal development plan may be implemented when specific farmland use plan is prepared. However, (armland use planning has not been prepared by the local governments yet. This study aims to identify problems encountered in current farmland use and suggest directions of effective and reasonable farmland use planning relevant to local conditions. Questionnaire method was used to prove topographical differences of community land demand, Statistical analyses show that farmers desire to utilize marginal farmland for income increase. Growing grass(42.0%) and cash crops(41.7%) was greatly demanded by them. They were generally eager for developing touristic farm (52.1 % ). By topographical characteristics, the eager was greatest in coastal areas, on the contrary, it was relatively low in mountainous areas. There were more farmers who want to expand their farmland in rice farming(48.4%) or rice-horticulture farming(46.9%) areas. Potential retirer among farmers were most in suburban areas, However, it was expected that there would be the highest retirement rate in rice farming areas because of the high rate of aged farmers. Farmland use planning should be incorporated into food production policies and community people's needs for income increase and life improvement. Agriculture promotion areas must be maintained for scale optimized farming and cash crop farming as much as possible. However, minimum portion for other uses in each village or farming community unit should be adopted. Less favored areas will have to be utilized for both agriculture and non-agriculture uses. Priority can be put into touristic resorts as a non-agriculture use. Furthermore, such areas can be used for sustainable agriculture as well as for residence, industry, animal breeding.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.258-265
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• 2003

In our study, we extracted the market, finance, and government factors determining R&D investment of individual firms in the IT industry in Korea. We collected the financial data of 515 individual firms belonging to IT and non-IT industries between 1980 and 1999 from the Korea Investors Service's database and investigated the empirical relationship between the factors using an ordinary regression model, a fixed effects model, and a random effects model. The main findings of our study are as follows: i) The Herfindahl Index variable representing the degree of market concentration is statistically insignificant in explaining R&D expenditures in the IT manufacturing industry. ii) Assets, which is used as a proxy variable for firm size, have a positive and statistically significant coefficient. These two results suggest that the Schumpeterian Hypothesis may be only partially applied to the IT manufacturing industry in Korea. iii) The dividend variable has a negative value and is statistically significant, indicating that a tendency of high dividends can restrict the internal cash flow for R&D investment. iv) The sales variable representing growth potential shows a positive coefficient. v) The subsidy as a proxy variable for governmental R&D promotion policies is positively correlated with R&D expenditure. This suggests that government policy has played a significant role in promoting R&D activities of IT firms in Korea since 1980. vi) Using a dummy variable, we verified that firms reduced their R&D investments to secure sufficient liquidity under the restructuring pressure during Korea's 1998 and 1999 economic crisis.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.493-502
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• 2023

온라인 콘텐츠의 발전은 매우 다양하고도 급격하게 사회의 가치를 변화시키고 있다. 특히, COVID-19 펜데믹 상황을 완전히 극복하지 못한 현 상황에서 비대면을 중심으로 하는 e스포츠 산업은 큰 폭으로 성장하고 있다. e스포츠 산업에 NFT를 활용하는 것은 e스포츠 유저들의 디지털 자산을 보호해주는 미래성장 가능성이 큰 분야로 긍정적인 평가를 받고 있지만, 동시에 디지털 아이템의 현금거래로 사행성이 조장될 수 있다는 우려를 낳고 있다. 본 연구에서는 문헌, 공식 사이트, 온라인 뉴스 기사를 활용한 사례연구를 통해 최근 e스포츠 산업과 NFT의 특성을 파악하고 분류하였다. e스포츠와 NFT 다양한 사례를 통해서 e스포츠의 NFT 산업의 미래성장 가능성과 활성화 방안에 대해서 논의하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, e스포츠 종목 자체의 IP를 활용한 NFT 이용의 필요성이다. 둘째, 아이템의 기능적인 역할을 NFT에 접목하여 유저들이 활용할 수 있는 기능을 제공 할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 유저들이 e스포츠와 NFT를 활용한 경제활동을 할 수 있는 기회를 제공 할 필요가 있다. 마지막으로 e스포츠 유저들의 디지털 자산보호를 강화하는데 NFT를 활용할 필요가 있다. 본 연구를 통해 e스포츠의 NFT 산업에 대한 발전적인 논의를 위한 근거와 경쟁력 확보를 위한 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.