• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.630-641
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• 2008

Gamisamgibopae-tang (GMSGBPT) is a traditional Korean medicine, which has been used for patients suffering from a lung disease in Oriental medicine. In the present study, we examined the biochemical mechanisms of apoptosis by GMSGBPT in NCI-H460 and A549 human non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines. It was found that GMSGBPT could inhibit the cell proliferation of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, however GMSGBPT did not affect the cell proliferation of NCI-H460 cells. Apoptotic cell death in A549 cells were detected using DAPI staining and annexin V fluorescein methods. The induction of apoptotic cell death by GMSGBPT was connected with a down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, and proteolytic activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in A549 cells. However, GMSGBPT did not affect the levels of pro-apoptotic Bax and Bad expression, and activity of caspase-8. GMSGBPT treatment also concomitant degradation and/or inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), ${\beta}$-catenin, phospholipase C-1 (PLC${\gamma}$1) and DNA fragmentation factor 45/inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (DFF45/ICAD). Taken together, these findings suggest that GMSGBPT may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells and further studies will be needed to identify the active compounds that confer the anti-cancer activity of GMSGBPT.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2023

본 연구는 고성능 유연 전극 소재 개발을 위한 기초 연구로, 유연 전극 소재의 성능을 향상시키기 위해 금속 산화물 CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs)를 도입하여 탄소나노튜브 섬유(carbon nanotube fiber; CNT fiber) 표면 위에 전기화학적 증착시켜 CNT fiber/CuO NPs 전극을 합성하고, 이를 전기화학적 비효소 글루코스 센서에 적용하였다. 이 전극의 표면 및 elemental composition 분석은 주사전자 현미경(SEM)과 에너지분산형 분광분석법(EDS)을 이용하였으며, 전극의 전기화학적 특성 및 글루코스에 대한 센싱 성능은 순환전압 전류법(CV)과 전기화학 임피던스법(EIS), 시간대전류법(CA)을 통해 조사되었다. CNT fiber/CuO NPs 전극은 CNT fiber의 우수한 특성과 함께 CuO NPs 도입에 따른 약 2.6배의 유효 전극면적(active surface area) 증가 효과와 11배 정도의 향상된 전자전달(electron transfer) 특성 및 우수한 전기적 촉매 활성(electrocatalytic activity) 덕분에 CNT fiber 유연 기반 전극의 글루코스 검출에 대한 성능이 개선되었다. 따라서, 본 연구를 기반으로 다양한 나노구조체를 활용한 고성능 유연 전극 소재 개발이 기대된다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.72-72
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• 2018

The root of Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) is used as a traditional herbal medicine in Korea for the treatment of many diseases. However, a major challenge associated with the usage of the active compounds from AGN is their poor water solubility. Therefore, this work aimed to enhance the solubility of active compounds by a chemical (viz. surfactant) and physical (hot melt extrusion) crosslinking method (CPC). Infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed multiple peaks in extrudate solids representing new functional groups including carboxylic acid, alkynes and benzene derivatives. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of the extrudate showed lower glass transition temperature (Tg) and lower enthalpy (${\Delta}H$) (Tg: $43^{\circ}C$; ${\Delta}H$: <6 (J/g)) compared to the non-extrudate (Tg $68.5^{\circ}C$; ${\Delta}H$: 123.2) formulations. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed amorphization of crystal materials in extrudate solid. In addition, nanonization, enhanced solubility and higher extraction of phenolic compounds were achieved in the extrudate solid. Among the different extrudates, acetic acid- and Span 80-mediated formulations showed superior extractions. We conclude that the CPC method successfully enhanced the production of amorphous nano dispersions from extrudate solid formulations.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.52.3-52.3
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• 2019

We investigate a relative contribution from short to long-term flaring rate to predicting M and X-class flare probabilities. In this study, we consider magnetic parameters summarizing distribution and non-potentiality by Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseimic and Magnetic Imager and flare list by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites. A short-term rate is the number of major flares that occurred in an given active region (AR) within one day before the prediction time. A mid-term rate is a mean flaring rate from the AR appearance day to one day before the prediction time. A long-term rate is a rate determined from a relationship between magnetic parameter values of ARs and their flaring rates from 2010 May to 2015 April. In our model, the predicted rate is given by the combination of weighted three rates satisfying that their sum of the weights is 1. We calculate Brier skill scores (BSSs) for investigating weights of three terms giving the best prediction performance using ARs from 2015 April to 2018 April. The BSS (0.22) of the model with only long-term is higher than that with only short-term or mid-term. When short or mid-term are considered additionally, the BSSs are improved. Our model has the best performance (BSS = 0.29) when all three terms are considered, and their relative contribution from short to long-term rate are 19%, 23%, and 58%, respectively. This model seems to be more effective when predicting active solar ARs having several major flares.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 1972

Previously identified female pupae were X-irradiated with a dose of 1000r one day prior to moth transformation. Female mothes from irradiated and non-irradiated pupae were copulated with normal male ones and allowed to lay eggs. Fertilized eggs were collected at 6 intervals such as 5, 15, 45, 90 minutes, 12 and 40 hours after laying, and deep-freezed immediately after each collection until measurements. RNase activity and nucleic acid content were determined with each sample and following results were obtained. 1) It was proved to exist two RNases in silk worm eggs as in mammalian tissues, one active maximally at pH 5.8 and the other at pH 8.0, and the acid RNase activity was much higher than that of alkaline RNase. 2) The activity of acid and alkaline RNases increased remarkably during early development of the embryo of silk worm eggs, reaching the maximum activity at 45 minutes from laying time in non-irradiated group. There was no appreciable difference in two RNase activities for 45 minutes after laying in both control and irradiated groups, but the activity of acid and alkaline RNases in latter group was three times as much as that in former group, at 90 minutes from laying time and it was also found the acid RNase activity was 1.8 times higher than alkaline one in irradiated group. 3) The RNA-P content of control group increased considerably for initial 45 minutes, followed by a decline 45 minutes later with sight but steady increase thereafter. The RNA-P content of irradiated group, however, increased at initial 5 minutes, followed by a marked fall 90 minutes after laying, with no change thereafter. The DNA-P of control group showed a sharp increase for initial 45 minutes, followed by a decline 45 minutes later with no appreciable change thereafter, whereas that of irradiated group showed an increase at initial 15 minutes, followed by a sharp decline for following 45 minutes with a gradual increase thereafter. It was thus proved that the synthesis of nucleic acid in silk worm eggs was much suppressed by X-irradiation during early development of embryo. 4) The RNase activity varied in parallel with the RNA-P content in control group, but the RNA-P content in irradiated group was shown to be minimum value in concidence with the maximum activity of both RNases.

• 천문학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2003

Recent observations of galaxy clusters in radio and X-ray indicate that cosmic rays and magnetic fields may be energetically important in the intracluster medium. According to the estimates based on theses observational studies, the combined pressure of these two components of the intracluster medium may range between $10\%{\~}100\%$ of gas pressure, although their total energy is probably time dependent. Hence, these non-thermal components may have influenced the formation and evolution of cosmic structures, and may provide unique and vital diagnostic information through various radiations emitted via their interactions with surrounding matter and cosmic background photons. We suggest that shock waves associated with cosmic structures, along with individual sources such as active galactic nuclei and radio galaxies, supply the cosmic rays and magnetic fields to the intracluster medium and to surrounding large scale structures. In order to study 1) the properties of cosmic shock waves emerging during the large scale structure formation of the universe, and 2) the dynamical influence of cosmic rays, which were ejected by AGN-like sources into the intracluster medium, on structure formation, we have performed two sets of N-body /hydrodynamic simulations of cosmic structure formation. In this contribution, we report the preliminary results of these simulations.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.392-398
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• 2006

The properties of tunable dielectric materials on RF frequency band are important high tunability and low loss for RF variable devices, variable capacitor, phased array antenna and other components application. Various composite of BST(barium strontium titanate) ratio combined with other non-electrical active oxide ceramics have been formulated for such uses. We present the tunable properties and Curie temperature on BST thick films. The grain growth of the weight ratio of $BaTiO_3$ increased. This can be explained by the substitute $Sr^{2+}$ ion for $Ba^{2+}$ ion in the $BaTiO_3$ system. The Curie temperature was shifted to lower temperature with increasing $SrTiO_3$in the $BaTiO_3-SrTiO_3$ system, because of decreasing the lattice constant. Also, the dielectric constant, tunability and K-factor of $(Ba_xSr_{1-x})TiO_3$ at over the Curie temperature decreased, at over the $60^{\circ}C$ fixation, maximum dielectric constant at Curie temperature and hence sharper phase transformation occurred at Curie temperature. The result were interpreted as a process of internal stress relaxation resulting form the increase of $90^{\circ}$ domains induced the BST. As a result, It is concluded that over the Curie temperature, frequency response and DC field effect for the tunable properties of BST thick film are suppressed by the transition broadening. For the application of tunable devices, that the curie temperature was investigated to be increased.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.128-132
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• 2007

For a quantitative inspection on the performance of weathering steel bridges, we have investigated the relationship between the corrosion rate and the composition of the rust layers formed on weathering steel bridges located in various environments in Japan and applied a protective ability index (PAI) to the bridges. The corrosion rates were clearly classified by the PAI, ${\alpha}/{\gamma}*$ and sub index of $({\beta}+s)/{\gamma}*$, where $\alpha$, \gamma*, $\beta$ and s are the mass ratio of crystalline $\alpha-FeOOH$, the total of $\gamma$-FeOOH+ $\beta$-FeOOH + the spinel-type iron oxide (mainly $Fe_3O_4$), $\beta-FeOOH$ and spinel-type iron oxide, analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, respectively. In the case of ${\alpha}/{\gamma}$*>1, the rust layer works protective enough to reduce the corrosion rate less than 0.01 mm/y. The sub index $({\beta}+s)/{\gamma}*$<0.5 or >0.5 classifies the corrosion rate of the non-protective rust layers, therefore the former state of the rust layer terms inactive and the latter terms active. The quantitative inspection of a weathering steel bridge requires a performance-inspection (PI) and periodical deteriorationinspections (DI). The PI can be completed by checking of the PAI, ${\alpha}/{\gamma}*$. The DI on the weathering steel bridges where deicing salt is sprinkled can be performed by checking the PAI, $({\beta}+s)/{\gamma}*$.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.493-503
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• 2015

기존의 광고모델연구는 대부분 모델의 특성이 광고하는 브랜드로 전이된다는 전제 하에 모델의 광고 효과를 주로 검증하였으나 본 연구는 역으로 광고하는 브랜드의 특성이 해당 광고모델에게로 전이되는지, 전이된다면 과연 어떤 점이 차이를 발생시키는지, 브랜드특성 전이효과에 연구의 초점을 맞추었다. 연구의 타당도를 높이기 위해 실제 브랜드와 모델을 선정했으며, 실험자극물의 현실성을 높이기 위해 인쇄광고와 함께 TV광고물을 실험에 맞게 제작하여 동시에 활용하였다. 실험은 광고노출 4유형(브랜드광고 3집단, 광고무노출 통제집단) x 모델 2유형(유명인, 신인)으로 설계되었다. 분석결과 연구가설대로 브랜드 특성이 모델로 전이되었으며, 이러한 브랜드특성 전이효과는 기성 유명인 모델보다 신인 모델에게서 더 두드러지게 나타났다. 기존에 형성된 이미지를 가지고 있는 기성 유명인 모델에게는 이미지 특성 종류에 따라 브랜드특성 전이효과가 선별적으로 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2022

분광학은 재료의 결정학적, 화학적 구조를 분석하기 위해 가장 보편적으로 활용되는 분석 기법이다. 이러한 기조에 따라 다양한 분석 소프트웨어와 peak fitting과 관련된 기술적 가이드라인이 보급되었지만, 정작 '왜' 중간 계산 과정을 거치고 해당 함수를 쓰는지에 대한 논의는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 tutorial에서는 X선 기반 분광광도계를 통해 얻은 데이터 분석의 기초를 논하고자 한다. 이를 위해 관련된 peak fitting을 위해 필요한 실용적 배경지식을 제시하였다. 나아가, 하나의 예시로 임의로 선정한 X선 광전자 분광법 데이터에 대한 curve fitting 과정을 순서에 따라 알기 쉽게 소개하였다. 제시한 기초 이론은 특정 소프트웨어에 국한된 내용이 아니라 fitting tool이 있는 모든 소프트웨어에서 그대로 활용 가능할뿐더러 다른 분광법 데이터를 분석하는 데 적용 가능하기 때문에, 본 내용을 숙지한다면 보다 수월한 연구 진행을 위한 바탕이 될 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.