• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 1996

A recycling soap was prepared from non-cooking oils. The effects of physlcal and chemical properties of the recycling soap on biodegradation are expected to be different due to the thermal histories of the non-cooking oils. Therefore, the biodegradation rate of the recycling soap was studied by using Klebssella Pneumoniae(K. pneumoniae), and the growth rate of K. pnewoniae in soap solution was observed. The biodegradation rate of the recycling soap appeared to be slower as the thermal histories of the non-cooking oils became larger. This might be resulted from hydrolysis, in which the ester bonds in the oils are broken to produce hydroxyl group. It was also observed that the growth rate of the microorganism decreased with the increase in the thermal histories of the oils. As a result, it is desired that recycling soap should be produced from the non-cooking oils with the prober ranges of thermal histories to reduce water contamination. The non-cooking oils with larger thermal histories are considered to be recycling through the cracking process before used. Key Words : non-cooking oils, recycling soap, thermal history, biodegradation, microorganism growth.

• 정보통신설비학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2010

As the importance of non-functional requirements has increased, many researchers have become interested in the software development process for non-functional requirements including the notation, modeling, and assessment of non-functional requirements. However, the characteristics of non-functional requirements are so sophisticated and there are many topics which have not been solved until now. In order to address one of the unsolved problems, we propose a systematic software development process to support the management of non-functional requirements. The process consists of six steps, each of which is composed of detailed activities. Using the proposed process, the non-functional requirements can be managed and modeled more effectively and systematically than previous ones.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.1500-1502
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• 2005

In this paper, the electrical characteristics of the non-contact transformer is presented using conventional coupled inductor theory. Each non-contact transformer is analyzed through simulation and measurement. In high power applications, non-contact transformer is so bulky and heavy that it should be split by some light transformers. So non-contact transformer needs several small transformer modules which are connected series or parallel to transfer the primary power to the secondary one. This paper shows analytic result of the each non-contact transformer module and comparison result between series-connection and parallel-connection of the non-contact transformer. The results are verified on the simulation based on the theoretical analysis and the 30kW experimental prototype.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2021

In most existing researches on non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with symmetric superposition coding (SSC), uniform sources have been usually considered. For the first part in this two-part paper, for the strongest channel gain user, we showed that the bit-error rate (BER) for the optimal maximum a-posteriori (MAP) receiver for the non-uniform source improves slightly, compared to that of the conventional receiver for the uniform sources. We demonstrate that in communication scenarios of the non-uniform source NOMA schemes, for the weakest channel gain user, the BER performance of the optimal MAP receiver for a non-uniform source improves greatly, compared to that of the conventional receiver for uniform sources. We first derive an analytical expression of the BER for non-uniform source NOMA with SSC. Then, simulations demonstrate that the BER of the optimal MAP receiver for the non-uniform source improves, compared with that of the conventional maximum likelihood (ML) receiver for the uniform sources. In result, the proposed optimal MAP receiver for the non-uniform source could be a promising scheme for SSC NOMA, with improved BER performances.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.2771-2788
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• 2020

Experiments are conducted to study bubble flow behavior during the instability of subcooled boiling under uniform and non-uniform transverse heating. The non-uniform heat distribution introduces nonuniform bubble generation and condensation rates on the heated surface, which is different from the uniform heating. These bubble generation and condensation characteristics introduce a non-uniform local pressure distribution in the transverse direction, which creates an extra non-uniform pressure on the flowing bubbles. Therefore, different bubble flow behavior can be observed between uniform and non-uniform heating conditions. In the uniform heating, bubble velocity fluctuations are low, and the bubbles travel straight along the axial direction. In the non-uniform heating, more fluctuation in the bubble velocity occurs at low mass flow rate and high subcooled inlet temperatures, and reverse flow is observed. Additionally, the bubbles show a zigzag trajectory when they pass through the channel, which indicates the existence of cross flow in the transverse direction.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.543-556
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• 2022

Delamination of multilayered inhomogeneous beam that exhibits non-linear relaxation behavior is analyzed in the present paper. The layers are inhomogeneous in the thickness direction. The dealamination crack is located symmetrically with respect to the mid-span. The relaxation is treated by applying a non-linear stress-straintime constitutive relation. The material properties which are involved in the constitutive relation are distributed continuously along the thickness direction of the layer. The delamination is analyzed by applying the J-integral approach. A time-dependent solution to the J-integral that accounts for the non-linear relaxation behavior is derived. The delamination is studied also in terms of the time-dependent strain energy release rate. The balance of the energy is analyzed in order to obtain a non-linear time-dependent solution to the strain energy release rate. The fact that the strain energy release rate is identical with the J-integral value proves the correctness of the non-linear solutions derived in the present paper. The variation of the J-integral value with time due to the non-linear relaxation behavior is evaluated by applying the solution derived.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.792-799
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• 2023

Non-reactor nuclear facilities are increasing remarkably in Korea combined with advanced technologies such as life and space engineering, and the diversification of the nuclear industry. However, the absence of a basic classification guideline related to the design of non-reactor nuclear facilities has created confusion whenever related projects are carried out. In this paper, related domestic and international technical guidelines are reviewed to present the classification criteria of non-reactor nuclear facilities in Korea. Based on these criteria, the classification of structures, systems and components (SSCs) for safety controls is presented. Using the presented classification criteria, classification of a hot cell facility, a representative non-reactor nuclear facility, was performed. As a result of the classification, the hot cell facility is classified as the hazard category 3, accordingly, the safety class was classified as non-nuclear safety, the seismic category as non-seismic (RW-IIb), and the quality class as manufacturers' standards (S).

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.639-647
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• 2018

3GPP 5G 시스템은 서로 다른 액세스 네트워크를 하나의 인터페이스로 수용하는 Common Core (코어) 네트워크 구조를 지향하고 있으며, 이를 기반으로 한 3GPP 5G 시스템 Phase 1 (Release 15) 규격에서는 Untrusted Non-3GPP 액세스를 3GPP 액세스와 동일한 인터페이스로 코어 네트워크와 연결되는 하나의 액세스 네트워크로 수용하고 있다. Untrusted Non-3GPP 액세스를 수용하기 위하여, 3GPP 5G 시스템은 RAN 위치에 N3IWF (Non-3GPP Inter-Working Function)을 두고 UE와 코어 네트워크 간의 인터페이스를 지원하며, Trusted Non-3GPP 액세스 네트워크의 수용은 Release 16를 목표로 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 3GPP 5G 시스템에서 Trusted Non-3GPP 액세스를 수용하기 위한 네트워크 구조 및 시그널링, 각 기능 구조 등의 설계 방안을 제안하고, 이를 기반으로 구현한 5G 시스템의 동작 결과를 보여준다. 제안된 방식은 N3IWF가 Untrusted/Trusted 액세스 네트워크를 모두 수용할 수 있도록 설계되었고, Untrusted/Trusted와 같이 서로 다른 종류의 Non-3GPP 액세스를 수용하더라도 N3IWF의 기능은 동일하다는 장점이 있다. 구현된 시스템 결과물은 3GPP 5G 시스템 Phase 1 구조를 그대로 수용하며 Trusted Non-3GPP 액세스 네트워크를 위한 별도의 추가기능 없이도, 액세스 독립적인 인터페이스를 코어 네트워크로 제공할 수 가능성을 보여준다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

We formulate a non-central limit theorem for non-linear functionals of stationary Gaussian vector processes with dependence.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.1395-1399
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• 2016

We will classify the finite barely non-abelian p-groups.