• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 2005

This study obtained the following conclusions by analyzing whether or not thyroid nodule, the number of nodules depending on age and gender, and the developed site of nodule, targeting 838 persons in their 30s-70s who were conducted the thyroid ultrasonography, without clinical symptoms, at the Health Promotion Center. 1. As for the general characteristics of 838 research subjects, men were 368 persons(44%), and women were 470 persons (56%), and the mean age was 51. 2. Among 838 whole subjects, a case, which was diagnosed to be normal, was 590 persons(70%), and persons with nodules findings were 248 persons (30%), thus it was indicated 30% on an average in having the thyroid nodules findings. 3. As for the frequency by age level in thyroid nodule, it was represented men with 10%-14% and women with $20{\sim}29%$ in their $30{\sim}40s$, and men with $27{\sim}33%$ and women with 37-52% in their 50-60s, and men with 46% and women with 50% in their 70s. 4. As a result of obtaining 248 persons, who have thyroid nodules findings, with the solitary nodule and the multiple nodule, it was indicated the solitary nodule of 50.5% with 125 persons and the multiple nodule of 49.5%, thereby representing the almost same ratio. 5. As for the size of thyroid nodule, the majority in all the age levels had the nodule in small size, and the size of $1{\sim}10\;mm$ was largest with 187 persons (75%) among 248 persons with abnormal findings, and it was 45 persons (18%) in $11{\sim}20\;mm$, 14 persons (5.6%) in $21{\sim}30\;mm$, and 2 persons in more than 31 mm. 6. As for the anatomically developed site in nodule, it was indicated the right lobe with 93 persons (38%), the left lobe with 67 persons (27%), both lobes with 75 persons (30%), and isthmus with 13 persons (5.3%), thereby representing the largest frequency in the right lobe, and it was discovered less in isthmus.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.373-381
• /
• 2014

Korea contract Mn-nodule field in the NE equatorial Pacific is composed of seven sectors with average water depths of 4,513-5,025 m. Of the various factors controlling the properties of Mn-nodule, it seems that water depth is likely connected to the chemical composition and occurrence of nodules. To test whether such an assumption held in each sector, we reviewed previous research data accumulated since 1994 for one of the northern sectors (hereafter KR1) where there are stark contrasts in water depth. High-resolution seabed mapping clearly separates a northern part (KR1N) from a deeper southern part (KR1S), cutting across in the middle of the KR1. In addition, significant volcanic activities forming numerous seamounts are distinctive especially in KR1N. In terms of nodule occurrence, manganese nodules in KR1S are comparatively larger (2-4 cm) with a discoidal shape, while those in KR1N are generally small (<2 cm) with poly-lobate and irregular shapes. Nodules in KR1N also have lower Co, Cu, Mn and Ni, and higher Fe contents. The spatial separation in nodule characteristics might be caused by volcanic activities in KR1N rather than water depth contrast. During the formation of the seamounts in KR1N, rock fragments and volcanic ashes as new nuclei of the nodules would have been continuously generated. As a result, the nodules could not grow larger than 2 cm and display the shapes of a newbie (i.e., irregular and poly-lobate shapes). Moreover, significant Fe supply from volcanic activities probably decreases the Mn/Fe ratio, which may lead to the KR1 nodules being misinterpreted as a hydrogenic in origin compared to other sectors where a high Mn/Fe ratio is present.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.82-90
• /
• 1992

A pathologic review was made of 1547 cases of thyroid nodule during the 20 years from 1970 to 1989 at the department of Head and Neck surgery of Presbyterian Medical Center in Chonju. 1547 cases were analysed in regard to cancer incidence of thyroid nodule, correlation of preoperative diagnosis with pathology and of frozen section diagnosis with final pathology, surgical procedures employed in managing thyroid itself, location of metastatic nodes, further definite procedure in cnacer cases, effectiveness of prophylactic neck dissection with lymph node pathology. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The cancer incidence of thyroid nodule was 21.7%. 2) The incidence of thyroid cnacer in total neoplasms increased from 1.6% to 2.9%. 3) The thyroid cancer was prevalent in female(5.9:1) and in fifth, fourth and sixth decade of life. 4) The incidence of solitary cold nodule in thyroid cancer was 72.7% (210/289). S) The incidence of thyroid cancer in solitary cold nodule was 28.7% (210/782). 6) The false negative of frozen section (1240 cases) was 19.8%. 7) Histologically, well differentiated carcinoma comprises about 94% of all cases and papillary carcinoma was 78.5% of all cases 8) The most frequent lymphatic metastasis was pre- & paratrachel nodes(63.3%), followed by Level III(50%) and Level II(47.7%). 9) 47.7% among 130 cases of papillary adenocarcinoma and 12.5% among 16 cases of follicular adenocarcinoma, each group treated with prophylactic neck dissection, were confirmed to be occult cervical node metastasis.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.66-69
• /
• 1999

Background and Objectives: It is critical to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid nodule and to select a patient for surgery. Even though the U/S study dose not make great contribution to diagnose a malignant thyroid nodule, it is widely used in the evaluation of anatomic feature of thyroid. The authors tried to estimate the efficacy of the U/S study in preoperative diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodule. Materials and Method: At the department of General Surgery of Ajou University, 75 patients who were operated after diagnosis with thyroid nodule by U/S study between July 1996 to June 1997 were retrospectively analyzed. By comparing the U/S impression that implies malignant thyroid nodule to FNAC and post-operative pathologic results ware as follows. Results: 1) Absence of cystic change, presence of internal hypoechogenicity, lobulation, calcification, thick and irregular halo, and nodule more than 4cm in diameter on U/S were considered significant statistically for the diagnosis of malignancy(Chi-square test, p<0.05) 2) Presence of internal hypoechogenicity or thick and irregular halo has the validity in Logistic regression analysis. 3) FNAC was done in 65 case. 19 case were malignant, 11 case were suspicious and 46 patients were benign (sensitivity 52.6%, specificity 87%). 4) The findings of U/S which are hypoechogenic and thick and irregular halo show 82% sensitivity and 97% specificity. In combination with the findings of FNAC that imply benign or suspicious lesions, the sensitivity was 100% and the specificity was 97%. Conclusion: This study suggest that the hypoechogenicity and thick and irregular halo on U/S are important information for the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy which were considered benign or suspicious after FNAC.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 1979

15 soybean cultivars were tested with the sandculture to investigate the affinity of cultivars to the nodule bacteria, Rhyzobium Japonicum #23, and the effects of inoculation on the vegetative growth of cultivars. The amount of nodule formation until the flowering stage was significantly different among the cultivars. The cultivar Haman showed the best nodule formation of 122.2 nodules per plant, while the cultivar Busuk showed the least amount of nodule formation. The inoculation of the nodule bacteria resulted in an increased plant growth and especially the chlorophyll content was significantly improved by inoculation of the nodule bacteria.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.116-121
• /
• 2006

Fundamental investigations have been carried out to find the applicability of manganese nodule as an adsorbent of nickel ion with an intention that nickel can be secured in manganese nodule along with the treatment of wastewater. The average content of manganese in nodules which used in the experiments was about 27%. The content of nickel in manganese nodules was observed to increase up to 4 times higher with comparison to its original value after adsorption. When the initial concentration of nickel ion in artificial wastewater was lower than 500 mg/L, its adsorbed amount on manganese nodule was shown to increase continuously. However, no more than about 82 mg/L of nickel was attained at higher initial nickel ion concentration than 500 mg/L. The adsorption of nickel ion was increased with temperature under experimental conditions and as the size of manganese nodule particles became smaller more nickel ion was adsorbed on adsorbent. Regarding the effect of pH, the adsorption of nickel ion was more hindered as the solution became acidic. Adsorption behavior of nickel ion on manganese nodule was found to follow the Freundlich model well and kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption reaction of nickel ion was second order. Thermodynamic parameters for the nickel ion adsorption were estimated on the basis of thermodynamic equations and they were in good agreement with experimental results.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
• /
• 1983.05a
• /
• pp.6.2-6
• /
• 1983

The clinical study of 108 laryngeal mass was observed in our E.N.T. department, and classified clinically and pathologically as below. 1) Among total case of 108 Vocal nodule is 28 (26 %) Vocal polyp is 46 (42.5 %) Laryngeal papilloma is 6 (5.5 %) Laryngeal tuberculosis is 4 (4%) Laryngeal cancer is 24 (22%) 2) The sex ratio of male to female is 5 : 7 in vocal nodule 11 : 12 in vocal polyp 1 : 1 in laryngeal papilloma 3 : 1 in laryngeal tuberculosis 5 : 1 in laryngeal cancer 3) The age distribution is fourth, fifth decade in vocal nodule is fifth, fourth decade in vocal polyp is first decade in laryngeal papilloma is third and seventh decade in laryngeal tuberculosis is sixth and seventh decade in laryngeal cancer 4) The location of mass is between the anterior 1/3 and middle 1/3 of vocal cord in vocal nodule, polyp and papilloma middle 1/3 and posterior 1/3 in laryngeal tuberculosis and glottic (50%), supraglottic (42%), infraglottic (8%) in laryngeal cancer 5) The side of lesion is bilateral in vocal nodule and papilloma, the ratio of right to left is 2 : 3 in vocal polyp 6) The size is 1-2mm in vocal nodule and papilloma, 3-5mm in vocal polyp more than 10mm in laryngeal tuberculosis and laryngeal cancer 7) The duration of symptom is within 1 years in vocal nodule and vocal polyp and laryngeal papilloma, 1-several years in laryngeal tuberculosis and laryngeal cancer 8) The most frequent symptom was hoarseness 9) All laryngeal cancer was sguamous cell carcinoma

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2001

Background and Objectives : There are so many methods to investigate the causes of voice disorders. However, they were almost invasive or non-physiologic methods. And none of them showed the laryngeal movements. Phonation pharyngogram is non-invasive method to see the laryngeal movement directly. Authors studied to evaluate the availability of phonation pharyngogram in laryngeal nodule. Materials and Methods : 30 laryngeal nodules and 10 control groups were evaluated. Acoustic analysis and maximum phonation time were measured and pharyngogram was taken during sustaining /a/ phonation immediately after swallowing the barium. We measured the width of hypopharyngeal wall, shape of hypopharyngeal wall and pyriform sinus apex, level difference between both true vocal folds, angle of subglottis, location of true vocal folds, elevated distance of vocal folds and shape of c-spine. Results : Jitter, Shimmer of laryngeal nodule were higher than control group and maximum phonation time was shorter in laryngeal nodule. There was a significance in width of hypopharyngeal wall, shape of pyriform sinus apex, level difference between both true vocal folds, elevated distance of vocal folds and shape of c-spine. Conclusions : Authors knew that there were differences when we used the phonation pharyngogram between normal group and laryngeal nodule group.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.467-470
• /
• 2013

The present study reports a human case of cutaneous gnathostomiasis with recurrent migratory nodule and persistent eosinophilia in China. A 52-year-old woman from Henan Province, central China, presented with recurrent migratory reddish swelling and subcutaneous nodule in the left upper arm and on the back for 3 months. Blood examination showed eosinophila (21.2%), and anti-sparganum antibodies were positive. Skin biopsy of the lesion and histopathological examinations revealed dermal infiltrates of eosinophils but did not show any parasites. Thus, the patient was first diagnosed as sparganosis; however, new migratory swellings occurred after treatment with praziquantel for 3 days. On further inquiring, she recalled having eaten undercooked eels and specific antibodies to the larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum were detected. The patient was definitely diagnosed as cutaneous gnathostomiasis caused by Gnathostoma sp. and treated with albendazole (1,000 mg/day) for 15 days, and the subsequent papule and blister developed after the treatment. After 1 month, laboratory findings indicated a reduced eosinophil count (3.3%). At her final follow-up 18 months later, the patient had no further symptoms and anti-Gnathostoma antibodies became negative. Conclusively, the present study is the first report on a human case of cutaneous gnathostomiasis in Henan Province, China, based on the past history (eating undercooked eels), clinical manifestations (migratory subcutaneous nodule and persistent eosinophilia), and a serological finding (positive for specific anti-Gnathostoma antibodies).

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.515-524
• /
• 2014

The Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology has acquired detailed biological, chemicophysical, and geological data in the northeastern Pacific through a manganese nodule program since 1983. Plenty of manganese nodules were collected to estimate the amount of resources by free-fall grab and box corer. The collected manganese nodules have been archived systematically in the rock and mineral storage section of the Library of Marine Samples (LIMS) since 2012. The LIMS provides essencial information on the stored samples including sample name, nodule type, sampling location, depth, and equipment. Although a high quality database of the information system is under construction, the samples have tagged information for manganese nodules like chemical composition, morphology, weight, size, abundance, and photograph. In this study, we attempted to provide information on the well-organized and easily accessible archived manganese nodule samples for future studies and to introduce the usefulness of the LIMS.