• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.36-38
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• 1976

The insecticides, Dithane-M45 and copper sulfate, were introduced in this experiments to elucidate their effects on the nodulation of soybean plant(Glycine max Meer) by Rhizobium japonicum. The nodulation activity was inhibited in accordance with increase of their concentration.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2004

An interaction between Legumes and Rhizobia establishes a symbiotic new organ, the nodule that supports atmospheric nitrogen fIxation. The specific communications between the microbes and legume plants are necessary for both nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Through genetic and biochemical analyses several genes playing pivotal roles in nodulation had been identified to be a receptor kinase like CALVATAl involved signal transduction for development. This emphasizes peptides as signals to be transmitted for a short or long distance transport for nodulation. In addition, a quorum sensing in rhizobia has become a focus as counterpart signal. In an attempt to reveal proteins factors and signaling molecules acting on nodulation, proteome analyses of nodule and the proteins in apoplast upon communication between Legumes and Rhizobia were performed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 1992

Increase in nodulation and nitrogen fixation was achieved partly through the isolation of supernodulating soybean mutant plants. This experiment was conducted to compare nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and early growth characters of wild type 'Bragg' with those of its supernodulating soybean mutant, 'nts 382' and 'nts 246'. At 31 days after planting, nodule dry weight of nts mutants was 2.5 to 3.7 times greater than that of Bragg. Higher nodulation of nts mutants showed the reduced top growth, indicating that photosynthates might be translocated and used for nodule growth attached to the root system. Total acetylene reduction activity was higher in nts mutants than Bragg, whereas specific acetylene reduction activity of nts mutant was the half of that of Bragg. Mixture of nts mutants and Bragg did not affect nodulation characters each other, suggesting that factors affecting supernodulating characters exist inside rather than outside the root system.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2009

Legume plants develop root nodules to recruit nitrogen-fixing bacteria called rhizobia. This symbiotic relationship allows the host plants to grow even under nitrogen limiting environment. Since nodule development is an energetically expensive process, the number of nodules should be tightly controlled by the host plants. For this purpose, legume plants utilize a long-distance signaling known as autoregulation of nodulation (AON). AON signaling in legumes has been extensively studied over decades but the underlying molecular mechanism had been largely unclear until recently. With the advent of the model legumes, L. japonicus and M. truncatula, we have been seeing a great progress including isolation of the AON-associated receptor kinase. Here, we summarize recent studies on AON and discuss an updated view of the long-distance control of nodulation.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.212-219
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• 2012

An experiment was set to understand the seedlings growth and nodulation capabilities of five potentially important leguminous agroforestry tree species of Bangladesh in response to application of organic fertilizer. Study was carried out in nursery bed on the seedlings of Acacia mangium Willd., Acacia hybrid, Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth, Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. after sowing their seeds in polybags filled with different medium. Farmyard manure or decomposed cow dung was applied as the source of organic fertilizer with other potting media. The growth and nodulation performance of seedlings of the selected species were measured three moths after the first seed was emerged. The different soil: organic manure ratios' used during the experiment were, 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1. The effects of organic fertilizer on growth and nodulation were compared to that of seedlings grown in control. The results revealed a positive correlation between seedling growth and the different doses of organic fertilization (i.e. seedling growth was enhanced significantly with different treatments containing higher proportion of organic fertilizer). In few cases a negative effect was observed after applying higher levels of organic manure. It was also apparent that the nodulation in terms of nodule number and size was inhibited significantly by the application of organic fertilizer.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.416-419
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• 2001

Hypernodulation soybean mutant, SS2-2, is characterized with greater nodulation and nitrogen fixing ability in the root nodule than its wild type, Shinpaldalkong 2. The present study was performed to identify a genetic locus conferring hypernodulation in soybean mutant SS2-2 and to determine whether the gene controlling the hypernodulation of SS2-2 is allelic to that controlling the supernodulation of nts382 mutant. Hybridization studies between SS2-2 and Taekwangkong revealed that the recessive gene was responsible for the hypernodulation character in soybean mutant SS2-2. Allelism was also tested by crossing supernodulating mutant nts382 and hypernodulating mutant SS2-2 that both hypernodulation and supernodulation genes were likely controlled by an identical locus. Molecular marker mapping of hypernodulation gene in SS2-2 using SSR markers confirmed that the gene conferring hypernodulation was located at the same loci with the gene conferring supernodulation. It is interesting to note that the same gene controlled the super- and hyper-nodulation characters, although SS2-2 and nts 382 exhibited differences in the amount of nodulation in the root system. Further genetic studies should be needed to clarify the genetic regulation of super- and hyper-nodulation in soybean.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.355-360
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• 2003

The responses of six mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] varieties to Rhizobium inoculation on number and dry weight of nodules, nitrogenase activity of root nodule bacteria, dry weight of shoot and root, nitrogen content, and uptake by shoot were investigated. The mungbean varieties were BARI Mung-2, BARI Mung-3, BARI Mung-4, BARI Mung-5, BINA Moog-2, and BU Mung-1. Two-third seeds of each variety were inoculated with Rhizobium inoculant and the remaining one-third seeds were kept uninoculated. Rhizobium strains TAL 169 and TAL 441 were used for inoculation of seeds. Inoculation of seeds with Rhizobium strains significantly increased nodulation, nitrogenases activity, dry matter production, nitrogen content, and uptake by shoot of the crop compared to uninoculated control. There was positive correlation among the number and dry weight of nodules, nitrogenase activity, dry weight of shoot and root, nitrogen content, and uptake by shoot of the crop. It was concluded that BARI Mung-4 in association with Rhizobium strain TAL 169 performed best in recording nodulation, nitrogenase activity, dry matter production, and nitrogen uptake by shoot of mungbean.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.10
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• pp.79-83
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• 1971

To investigate the effects of seed treatments and liming on nodulation and growth of lucerne(Medicago sativa L.) in an upland yellow-brown earth in N.Z. the five levels of seed treatments(Uninoculated, Inoculated, Inoculated plus lime pelleted, Inoculated plus 50/50 phosphate/dolmite pelleted, Inoculated plus ta1c pelleted), and 2 levels of lime applications (0, 25kg/10a) were compared and their interactions were observed, and then the following results were obtained. 1. In oder to obtain the effective nodulation of lucerne on acid soil it is usually necessary to apply lime and inoculate the seed. 2. The coating of inoculated lucerne seed with adequate materials will promote the nodulation. 3. The pelleting of lucerne seed may be a of reducing the need for the heavy liming. 4. The finely grounded lime was the best to use origin upland yellow-brown earth. 5. When the seed were not inoculated or pelleted with inferior material, liming is very effective for the nodulation and growth of lucerne. 6. The pelleting seed will reduce the laborious work and expenditure.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.570-579
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• 2024

Root-nodule nitrogen-fixing bacteria are known for being specific to particular legumes. This study isolated the endophytic root-nodule bacteria from the nodules of legumes and examined them to determine whether they could be used to promote the formation of nodules in other legumes. Forty-six isolates were collected from five leguminous plants and screened for housekeeping (16S rRNA), nitrogen fixation (nifH), and nodulation (nodC) genes. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the bacterial isolates WC15, WC16, WC24, and GM5 were identified as Rhizobium, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, and Bradyrhizobium, respectively. The four isolates were found to have the nifH gene, and the study confirmed that one isolate (GM5) had both the nifH and nodC genes. The Salkowski method was used to measure the isolated bacteria for their capacity to produce phytohormone indole acetic acid (IAA). Additional experiments were performed to examine the effect of the isolated bacteria on root morphology and nodulation. Among the four tested isolates, both WC24 and GM5 induced nodulation in Glycine max. The gene expression studies revealed that GM5 had a higher expression of the nifH gene. The existence and expression of the nitrogen-fixing genes implied that the tested strain had the ability to fix the atmospheric nitrogen. These findings demonstrated that a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, Methylobacterium (WC24), isolated from a Trifolium repens, induced the formation of root nodules in non-host leguminous plants (Glycine max). This suggested the potential application of these rhizobia as biofertilizer. Further studies are required to verify the N₂-fixing efficiency of the isolates.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.169-172
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• 1999

Small-seeded legumes can be cultured enclosed in slant agar tubes if dlese plants are to he used for authenicaiing rhizobia or for enumerating 1-hizobia by the plant-inlection technique. An improved method has been developed with substiluting agar slant lor Korean paper(Har7ji). This method was panicularly useful for legumes with rigid radicle such as Cn.xsin 1mnmame. With this method Bmr!,~li1rzobin,17 sp. stram CN9135 on C nonmne induced root nodules biginning at day 7 of the nodulation period in 6% of the l ~ l a ~ l s , and all of ihe plants nodulated 14 days after inoculation by strain CN9135.