• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.744-748
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid (SSH) cultivation over the past three years from 2009 to 2011. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by rates of additional nitrogen fertilizer ($100kg\;ha^{-1}$) and decreased percentage of 30 50 70 100 fertilization in addition to non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties, growth and yield potential were examined. The results were as follows. The testing soil was showed strong alkaline saline soil with low organic matter contents and less available phosphate while exchangeable sodium and magnesium were higher. Soil salinity was increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, SSH was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was $18,345kg\;ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen at incorporation time was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8. Fresh and dry matter yield of SSH were higher in the order of 30%, CF, N50%, N70%d, N100%, and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield of SSH increased in the order of CF ($55,050kg\;ha^{-1}$, $16,250kg\;ha^{-1}$), N contents from 30% to 9%. Soil physical properties, such as bulk density were decrease with incoporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. Soil chemical properties, such as pH was decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter were increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium were decreased with incorporation of GMC than those before experiment. Thus, we assumed that incorporation of hairy vetch was more effective that can lead to reduce chemical nitrogen fertilizer and to improve soil environment in cultivating SSH on Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.442-447
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• 2011

Co-incorporation of Leguminosae with Gramineae could reduce the risk of nitrogen starvation phenomena caused by appling green manure of Gramineae alone. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of mixed sowing of hairy vetch and rye seeds on soil quality in mountainous highland. Mixed sowing of hairy vetch and rye increased the yield of green manure and nutrients compared with those for sowing of hairy vetch or rye alone. The yield of green manure from row seeding was $5.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ compared with $4.8Mg\;ha^{-1}$ for broadcast seeding. Incorporation of the two green manure crops increased yield of red-bean by 58~92% as compared with yield for incorporation of rye alone. The results obtained in the study imply that mixed sowing of hairy vetch and rye can solve the problem of low emergence of hairy vetch in spring and high C/N ratio and rough incorporation of rye, in addition to increase in yield of green manure.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.751-759
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• 2016

It is known that the poor soil fertility of newly reclaimed saline soils is due to the lack of organic matter and available mineral nutrients for crop production. The effect of green manuring with Sesbania aculeata in combination with five rates of urea-N treatments (N0. N25, N50, N75, N100) on the productivity of a subsequent whole-crop barley and the fertility of the reclaimed saline soil in Saemangeum was evaluated in the field during 2013-2014 growing season. Sesbania was grown during summer season (June to October). The amount of Sesbania incorporated was $16.2Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Sesbania contributed to $393kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ to the soils when ploughed down and incorporated before whole-crop barley cultivated. The performances of whole-crop barley following sesbania incorporation were significantly affected by a combination of Sesbania manuring and different N rates. The N fertilizer equivalence without N fertilizer following Sesbania was 42.6% ($63.9kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$), compared with N100 ($150kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$) in fallow soils. The whole-crop barley yield responded to N fertilizer rates in both sesbania-amended and fallow soil. The yield response to nitrogen rates in fallow soil was linear (Y=0.0586X+3.3011, $R^2=0.9534$), whereas that in sesbania-amended soils was quadratic (Y= -0.001X2+0.1322X+5.7143, $R^2=0.9576$). The yield of whole-crop barley in sesbania-amended with increasing N rates was increased up to SN75 (115 kgN) $10.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Apparent N recovery (ANR) of whole-crop barely showed decreased with sesbania plus increasing rates of N fertilizer. Despite higher yield with sesbania manuring plus increasing N rates, the contributions of N from Sesbania with increasing N rates to whole-crop barley were decreased, whereas those from fertilizer increment due to excessively mineralized Nitrogen. Considering yield, ANR, N contribution from Sesbania and nitrogen fertilizer, the optimum N rate was N50 rate following sesbania incorporation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07c
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• pp.1393-1395
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• 2001

DLC films are deposited by using a modified FCVA system. Carbon amorphous network, surface roughness, internal compressive stress, resistivity, and Hall mobility are studied as a function of nitrogen flow rate (0 $\sim$ 10 sccm). As the nitrogen content is increased in the carbon network, the size of $sp^2$ clusters is increased, the internal compressive stress is decreased, and the resistivity is remarkably decreased. The RMS values of the surface roughness are measured to be in the range of 0.2$\sim$0.5nm. The Hall mobility of DLC film with 3 sccm of nitrogen added is 3.22 $cm^2/V{\cdot}$s.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.650-658
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• 2010

We used green manure crops such as hairy vetch, crimson clover, rye, sorghum, and sudan grass by mixing with soils to assess the effects of green manure crops on nutrient supply and soil quality improvement. Temporal changes in soil inorganic nitrogen, carbohydrate, microbial biomass, and humus content were determined as soil quality indicators. Inorganic nitrogen content of the control maintained similar level during the whole period, but it had continually increased until 4 weeks after incorporation (WAI) of green manure crops. Especially, inorganic nitrogen content sharply increased in sudan grass. After incorporation of green manure crops, temporal change of soluble sugar in soils was as follows: it had gradually increased in legume green manure crops-incorporated soils until 7 WAI, which was the highest, and then showed the tendency to be reduced. Meanwhile, it in non-legume green manure crops-incorporated soils rapidly increased after the incorporation, and reached the maximum around 4 WAI. Humic acid by the decomposition of crop residues in green manure crops-incorporated soils was greatly enhanced with the elapsed time of 4 WAI, although it was low at the same level as the control until 2 weeks. In addition, there was a difference in fulvic acid by incorporated crops, fulvic acid in hairy vetch, sorghum and sudan grass showed a similar tendency with the change in humic acid. Our results suggest that soluble sugar, microbial activity and humic acid could be available indicators to evaluate the fertility of green manure crops-incorporated soils.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.11-14
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• 2003

[ $HfO_2$ ] thin films were deposited at $300^{\circ}C$ on p-type Si (100) substrates using $HfO_2(HfO_xN_y)$ as the precursor by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and were annealed at $300^{\circ}C$ in nitrogen plasma ambient. Compared with $HfO_2$, nitrogen plasma annealed $HfO_2$ show good chemical stability, higher crystallization temperature, lower leakage current and thermal stability. Leakage current density of nitrogen plasma annealed $HfO_2$ is approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of $HfO_2$ for the same EOT. The improvement in electrical characteristics of nitrogen plasma annealed $HfO_2$ can be explained by the better thermal stability due to nitrogen incorporation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.371-378
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the improvement effect of soil fertility by incorporation of GMC(green manure crops) at rice cropping after cultivation GMC such as the barley for alternative rye in paddy field over the past two years(2006~2007). Plots, which consisted of incorporation time of GMC as rye; heading stage, barley; heading stage, heading stage of rye and 10days after heading stage were divided by amount of applied rates; standard fertilizer fertilization, diagnosis fertilization and non-fertilization. we investigated change of soil physico-chemical properties, degree of decomposition on GMC in soil, growth and yield potential. The obtained results were summarized as follows. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time on heading stage of rye, heading stage and 10days after heading stage of barley were $2,715,\;2,352,\;2,867kg\;10a^{-1}$ respectively. Content of total nitrogen at three incorporation times was 1.31, 1.46, 1.38% and the C/N ratio were 33.4, 28.7, and 34.6, respectively. Some soil physical properties, such as soil hardness and bulk density tended to decrease with incorporation of GMC, while surface soil depth and porosity were increased. Some soil chemical properties, such as content of exchangeable cations and cation exchangeable capasity(CEC) were increased with incorporation of GMC compared with before experiment. Rice yields was increased 3~9% in diagnosis application plots on application of barley compared with control($559kg\;10a^{-1}$) and incorporation of barley caused to improve perfect kernel ratio 73.6~78.7% in appearance characteristics of brown rice compared with cotrol(73.0%). It was found that incorporation with 10days after heading stage of barley was more effective to reduce chemical nitrogen fertilizer and to improve soil fertility.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.248-255
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• 2000

Penning type sputtering system which has two opposed targets was implemented and the physical characteristics of the deposited carbon nitride films were investigated. When argon ratio was reduced and nitrogen ratio was increased in the sputtering gas mixture, Fe was less sputtered. The grain size of grown carbon nitride films was distributed from $150{\AA}$ to $250{\AA}$. As nitrogen partial pressure increases, growth rate and nitrogen incorporation in the film increases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.455-459
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• 1997

Fifteen intact male Jamunapari goats, average body weight $22.0{\pm}1.18kg$ were divided into three groups of 5 animals in each to investigate the effects of feeding leucaena on energy retention and distribution of retained energy. Leucaena leaves and twigs provided 0%, 25% and 50% of CP in the rations of animals in $L_1$ (control), $L_2$ and $L_3$ groups, respectively. Energy balances were determined in an open circuit respiration chamber from gaseous exchange and nitrogen carbon balances. Energy retentions calculated from gaseous exchange data were 181.6, 190.0 and 172.8 kJ/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ and from carbon-nitrogen balances were 178.2, 199.5 and 171.1 kJ/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ in $L_1$, $L_2$ and $L_3$ groups, respectively. No significant difference was observed among the groups in both the methods. The retention of nitrogen and energy in the form of protein was similar in different treatment groups. Similarly, no significant effect was observed on energy retention in the form of fat and total energy retention due to incorporation of leucaena in the diets.

• Carbon letters
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• v.23
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

This paper introduces a nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon (NOMC) derived from glucosamine with hybrid capacitive behaviors, achieved by successfully combining electrical double-layer capacitance with pseudo-capacitance behaviors. The nitrogen doping content of the fabricated NOMC reached 7.4 at% while its specific surface area ($S_{BET}$) and total pore volume reached $778m^2g^{-1}$ and $1.17cm^3g^{-1}$, respectively. A dual mesoporous structure with small mesopores centered at 3.6 nm and large mesopores centered at 9.9 nm was observed. The specific capacitance of the reported materials reached up to $328Fg^{-1}$, which was 2.1 times higher than that of pristine CMK-3. The capacitance retention rate was found to be higher than 87.9% after 1000 charge/discharge cycles. The supplementary pseudocapacitance as well as the enhanced wettability and conductivity due to the incorporation of nitrogen heteroatoms within the carbon matrixes were found to be responsible for the excellent capacitive performance of the reported NOMC materials.