• 제목/요약/키워드: Nitrogen free extract

검색결과 215건 처리시간 0.036초

The culture conditions for the mycelial growth of Auricularia auricula-judae

  • Jo, Woo-Sik;Kim, Dong-Geun;Seok, Soon-Ja;Jung, Hee-Young;Park, Seung-Chun
    • 한국버섯학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.88-95
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    • 2014
  • Auricularia auricula-judae is an edible mushroom, which is known as wood ear, free ear, black ear mushroom, and free jelly fish. This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for mycelial culture conditions of Auricularia auriculajudae. According to colony diameter and mycelial density, the media for suitable mycelial growth were PDA and MCM. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. Carbon and nitrogen sources were mannose and malt extract, respectively. The optimum C/N ratio was in the range of 10 to 1 with 2% glucose. Other minor components for the optimal growth were thiamine-HCl and biotin as vitamins, succinic acid and lactic acid as organic acids, and $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ and $KH_2PO_4$ as mineral salts.

김천산 자두의 성분과 그 특성 (Physicochemical Properties and Chemical Compositions of Plums Production in Kimcheon)

  • 김순희;강병태;박동철;윤옥현;이재우;한만덕;최종동
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.37-41
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    • 2000
  • Physiocheical properties and chemical compositions of two plums(Oishiwase, Formosa ) produced in Kimcheon area were investigated . Chemical compositions of two plum cultivars were similar except nitrogen free extract(NFE) . NFE value of Formosa was higher than Oishiwase . Alcohol insoluble substance content, total soluble pectin, total sugar content and total organic acid content of Oishiwase were 2.08%, 14.16%, 5.07% and 949.16mg%, respectively. In case of Formosa cultivar, those were 50%, 15.42%, 5.91% and 985.91mg%, respectively. Fructose content among free sugars of two plum cultivars range from 3.97-3.45% and the other were glucose, sucrose and inositol, 1.83-1.53%, 0.08-0.05% and 0.04-0.03%, respectively. Malic acid content was 35-373mg% and others were levulinic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid and fumaric acid in the decreasing order.

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진주조개(Pinctada fucata) 추출물의 가공 및 품질특성 (Processing and Characteristics of Pearl Oyster (Pinctada fucata) Extracts)

  • 강정구;강수태;강진영;남기호;이성만;오광수
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제40권6호
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    • pp.343-349
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    • 2007
  • This study examined the effective utilization of pearl processing by-products. Three extracts of hot-water extract (WE), hydro-cooked extract (HE), and two-step enzymatic hydrolysate (EH) were prepared from pearl oyster muscle, and their characteristics were examined. The moisture, crude protein, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), and amino-N contents were 97.5-98.0%, 0.5-1.3%, 2.1-4.9 g/100 mL, and 35.0-74.5 g/100 mL, respectively. EH had the lowest VBN and highest amino-N contents. In addition, EH had the highest yields. In terms of its functional properties, EH inhibited angiotensin-I converting enzyme ($IC_{50}$, 1.39 mg/mL) more strongly than the other extracts ($IC_{50}$, 4.17-7.95 mg/mL). The free amino acid contents of WE, HE, and EH were 661, 470 and 1,150 mg/100 mL, respectively. Major amino acids were taurine and glutamic acid. Major inorganic ions were Na, Mg, and Ca. Contents of taste compounds, such as free amino acids, inorganic ions, and quaternary ammonium bases, differed significantly according to the extract methods. Based on the results of chemical experiments and sensory evaluation, the quality of EH was superior to the other extracts, and EH is suitable for use in natural flavoring materials.

시판(市販) 토하(土蝦)젓의 함질소(含窒素) 엑스성분(成分) 조성(組成) 및 품질지표(品質指標)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Extractive Nitrogenous Constituents in Commercial Tohajeot, a Salted and Fermented Freshwater Shrimp (Caridina denticulata denticulata), and their Quality Index)

  • 박춘규;박정임
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.230-239
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    • 1997
  • 본 연구는 시판되고 있는 일반토하젓과 양념토하젓의 맛과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있는 함질소엑스성분 조성을 분석하여 품질실태를 파악하는 한편 품질개선과 품질지표에 관한 자료를 얻고자 하였다. 시료로 사용한 일반토하젓 2종과 양념토하젓 4종의 엑스성분을 추출하여 엑스분질소, 유리아미노산, oligopeptide류, 핵산관련물질, betaine류, 4급암모늄염기, 구아니시노화합물 등을 분석하였다. 일반토하젓의 염분함량은 $23.6{\sim}25.1%$로서 저염화에 의한 품질개선이 필요하며, 양념토하젓에서는 $8.4{\sim}11.4%$로서 일반토하젓과는 차이가 많았다. 일반토하젓의 엑스분질소 함량은 고형물과 액즙에서 각각 $503{\sim}531\;mg$$311{\sim}493\;mg$이었으며, 양념토하젓은 $256{\sim}429\;mg$으로서 일반토하젓의 72.6% 수준이었다. 일반토하젓에서는 23종의 유리아미노산이 검출되었고 그 총량은 $1,159{\sim}2,584\;mg$으로서 바다새우젓의 $1,509{\sim}2,131\;mg$보다 높았다. 시판되고 있는 일반토하젓의 유리아미노산 총량은 토하원료에서와 유사한 수준으로서 함량증가가 미약하였다. 일반토하젓에서 함량이 많은 유리아미노산으로서는 glutamic acid, leucine, lysine, histidine, alanine, ornithine, tyrosine 등이었다. 양념토하젓에서는 34종의 유리아미노산이 검출되어 일반토하젓에서 보다 다양한 조성을 갖고 있었으나 그 총량은 $1,012{\sim}1,672\;mg$으로서 일반토하젓의 70% 수준이었다. 양념토하젓에서 함량이 많은 유리아미노산으로는 glutamic Acid, lysine, arginine, aspartic acid, histidine, leucine, alanine 등으로서 일반토하젓에서의 조성과 상이하였다. 양념토하젓은 glutamic acid를 제외한 대부분의 유리아미노산이 일반토하젓에서보다 낮았다. 일반토하젓과 양념토하젓의 핵산관련물질함량은 각각 $2.64{\sim}4.82\;{\mu}mol$$1.08{\sim}1.93\;{\mu}mol$로서 제품에 따른 차이가 많았다. 일반토하젓에서는 homarine이 $18{\sim}86\;mg$ 검출되었으나 바다새우젓의 30.7%였고 trigonelline은 비슷한 수준이었다. 양념토하젓은 homarine이 흔적${\sim}39\;mg$, trigonelline $0{\sim}5\;mg$으로서 일반토하젓보다 낮았다. 일반토하젓과 양념토하젓의 TMAO와 TMA 함량은 미량으로서 바다새우젓의 20.9%와 27.7% 수준이었다. 일반토하젓과 양념토하젓에서 분석된 각성분들에 대한 질소분포는 모두 유리아미노산이 가장 중요한 함질소성분으로서 평균 65.7%와 60.8%였고, 다음은 oligopeptide류로서 17.8%와 16.6%였다. 핵산관련물질은 3.9%와 2.2%, betaine류는 1.1%와 0.4%, TMAO와 TMA는 1.2%와 1.8%, 그리고 creatine은 0.4%와 9.6%로서 엑스분질소의 회수율은 90.3%와 91.2%였다. 이상에서 분석된 토하젓의 엑스분질소와 함질소 엑스성분들을 상관분석한 결과 엑스분 질소, betaine 총량, 유리아미노산 총량 및 유리아미노산의 일종인 phenylalanine 이 토하젓의 품질지표로 활용가능성이 가장 높은 것으로 평가되었다.

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Effect of Different Source of Energy on Urea Molasses Mineral Block Intake, Nutrient Utilization, Rumen Fermentation Pattern and Blood Profile in Murrah Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

  • Hosamani, S.V.;Mehra, U.R.;Dass, R.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.818-822
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    • 2003
  • In order to investigate the effect of different sources of energy on intake and nutrient utilization from urea molasses mineral block (UMMB), rumen fermentation pattern and blood biochemical constituents, 18 intact and 9 rumen fistulated male Murrah buffaloes aged about 3 years and average weight 310.8 kg were randomly allocated into three groups of 9 animals in each, thus each group having 6 intact and three rumen fistulated buffaloes. All animals were fed individually for 90 days. All buffaloes were offered wheat straw as basal roughage and urea molasses mineral block for free choice of licking. Three different energy sources viz., barley grain, (group I), maize grain (group II) and jowar green (group III) were offered to meet their nutrient requirement as per Kearl (1982). At the end of feeding trial, a metabolism trial of 7 days duration was carried out on intact animals to determine the digestibility of nutrients. Rumen fermentation studies were carried out on rumen fistulated animals. After the metabolism trial blood was collected from intact animals to estimate the nitrogen constituents in blood serum of animals fed on different sources of energy. Results revealed no significant difference in the intake of UMMB in three groups. Similarly, the intake of DM (kg), DCP (g) and TDN (kg) per day was similar in three groups statistically. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) was significantly (p<0.05) more in group II than group III, whereas the digestibility of DM, OM and NFE was similar in group I and II. The digestibility of crude fiber (CF) and all the fiber fractions i.e. NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose was alike in 3 groups. Nitrogen balance (g/d) was significantly (p<0.05) more in group III as compared to group I and II, which were alike statistically, though the N intake (g/d) was similar in 3 groups but N balance (g/d) was significantly (p<0.05) less in group III as compared to other 2 groups. Significantly (p<0.05) higher concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), total nitrogen (TN) and its fractions were observed in group I and II as compared to group III. There was no effect on rumen pH, rumen volume and digesta flow rate due to different sources of energy in 3 groups. Similarly the blood serum biochemical parameters (NH3-N, urea-N and total protein) were statistically identical in 3 groups.

Enterococcus faecium LKE12 Cell-Free Extract Accelerates Host Plant Growth via Gibberellin and Indole-3-Acetic Acid Secretion

  • Lee, Ko-Eun;Radhakrishnan, Ramalingam;Kang, Sang-Mo;You, Young-Hyun;Joo, Gil-Jae;Lee, In-Jung;Ko, Jae-Hwan;Kim, Jin-Ho
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제25권9호
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    • pp.1467-1475
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    • 2015
  • The use of microbial extracts containing plant hormones is a promising technique to improve crop growth. Little is known about the effect of bacterial cell-free extracts on plant growth promotion. This study, based on phytohormonal analyses, aimed at exploring the potential mechanisms by which Enterococcus faecium LKE12 enhances plant growth in oriental melon. A bacterial strain, LKE12, was isolated from soil, and further identified as E. faecium by 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The plant growth-promoting ability of an LKE12 bacterial culture was tested in a gibberellin (GA)-deficient rice dwarf mutant (waito-C) and a normal GA biosynthesis rice cultivar (Hwayongbyeo). E. faecium LKE12 significantly improved the length and biomass of rice shoots in both normal and dwarf cultivars through the secretion of an array of gibberellins (GA1, GA3, GA7, GA8, GA9, GA12, GA19, GA20, GA24, and GA53), as well as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study indicating that E. faecium can produce GAs. Increases in shoot and root lengths, plant fresh weight, and chlorophyll content promoted by E. faecium LKE12 and its cell-free extract inoculated in oriental melon plants revealed a favorable interaction of E. faecium LKE12 with plants. Higher plant growth rates and nutrient contents of magnesium, calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, silicon, zinc, and nitrogen were found in cell-free extract-treated plants than in control plants. The results of the current study suggest that E. faecium LKE12 promotes plant growth by producing GAs and IAA; interestingly, the exogenous application of its cell-free culture extract can be a potential strategy to accelerate plant growth.

산마늘추출물이 과산화지질급여 비만쥐의 지질강하, 항산화효과 및 염증매개물질의 생산에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Allium victorials Extract on Lowing Lipid, Anti-oxidation and Concentration of Inflammatory Mediators in Rats Fed High Oxidized Fat)

  • 이은
    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.227-233
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 산마늘추출물이 과산화지질을 급여한 비만쥐의 지질강하, 항산화효과 및 염증매개물질의 생산에 미치는 영향을 검토했다. 그 결과 혈장 FFA, TG, total cholesterol 및 LDL-cholesterol 농도는 산마늘추출물 처리군 들에서 감소했으며, 혈장HDL-cholesterol 농도는 산마늘추출물 처리군 들에서 증가했다. 간장 내 total cholesterol 농도 및 TG 농도는 산마늘추출물 처리군 들에서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 혈장 및 간장의 TBARS 농도는 산마늘추출물 처리군 모두가 대조군보다 낮은 경향을 보였다. 간장 GSH-Px, SOD 및 CAT활성치모두가 산마늘추출물 처리군 들에서 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 혈장 NO, Ceruloplasmin 및 ${\alpha}1$-acid glycoprotein 농도는 산마늘추출물 투여군 들이 대조군보다 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 산마늘추출물에 지질강하, 항산화 및 항염증작용에 효과를 나타내는 기능성물질이 내재하고 있음을 시사한다.

해양심층수 소금으로 제조한 간장의 발효기간에 따른 품질변화 (Changes in the Quality Characteristics of Soy Sauce Made with Salts Obtained from Deep Ocean Water)

  • 권오준;김미애;김태완;김대곤;손동화;최웅규;이선호
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.820-825
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 경제적 측면에서 일반 소금보다 우수한 해양심층수 소금을 이용하여 간장을 제조한 후 발효기간에 따른 품질특성을 조사하였다. pH와 완충능은 발효가 진행됨에 따라 점차 감소하였다. 순추출물의 함량은 점차 증가하여 발효 120일째에 7.5%로 나타났다. 간장의 갈색화는 발효 30일 째에 대부분의 갈색화가 진행되었다. 총질소와 아미노태 질소는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 점차 증가하여 발효 12일째 각각 1.4%와 0.75%를 나타내었다. 유리아미노산의 함량은 179.8~315.7 mg%가 검출되었으며, 발효기간이 증가함에 따라 점차 함량이 증가하였다. 발효 전 기간에 걸쳐 glutamic acid가 가장 많았으며, alanine, lysine 및 leucine의 순으로 많았다. 총 유리 아미노산에 대한 glutamic acid의 비율은 21.0~23.2%였으며, 필수아미노산의 함량은 발효 30일째에 78~142.3 mg%가 검출되었으며, 발효가 진행됨에 따라 그 함량도 증가하였다.

Rhodotorula graminis SW 214의 세포외 지방질 생산에 관한 연구 (Production of Extracellular Lipid by Rhodotorula graminis SW 214)

  • 김성연;고경;박성오
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.794-800
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    • 1993
  • 알바비스커스 잎으로부터 세포외 지질을 대량 생산하는 효모를 분리하고 동정한 결과 Rhodotorula graminis SW 214로 확인하였으며, $25^{\circ}C$에서 8일간 진탕배양시 Rhodotorula graminis SW 214 세포의 지질 생산량은 7.31g/l였다. 배지내의 질소원과 탄소원의 농도는 세포의 지질 생산에 큰 영향을 주었는데 배지내의 질소원이 효모 성장에 거의 이용되고 탄소원이 아직 남아 있을때 지질 생산이 활발히 이루어졌다. 배지내에 질소원 농도가 높은 동안에는 지질 생산이 더디게 이루어졌다. Rhodotorula graminis SW 214 세포의 지질 생산량의 최적조건으로는 gluaminis SW 214 세포의 지질 생산량의 최적조건으로는 glucose 8%, yeast extract 2.5g/l, $KH_{2}PO_{4}\;1g/l,\;MgSO_{4}{\cdot}7H_{2}O\;0.2g/l$, pH6에서 8일간 배양할 때임을 알 수 있었고 효모건조 균체량은 8.05g/l, 지방 생산량은 8.89g/l였다. Rhodotorula graminis SW 214 세포의 지질의 TLC에 의한 분별 정량 결과는 triglyceride 75.16%, phospholipid 10.77%, free fatty acid 5.88, esterified sterol 4.94%, free sterol 3.25%였다. Rhodotorula graminis SW 214 세포의 지방의 주된 지방산 조성은 3-hydroxypentadecanate 37.90%, 3-hydroxypentadecanate 20.80%, trans-9-octadecanate 11.53%, cis-9-headecanate 10.93%, 15-methylhexadecanate 9.82%, 18-methylnonadecanate 4.63%, octadecanate 2.64%, 3-hydroxytridecanate 1.75%였다.

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EFFECTS OF DIETARY CELLULOSE AND PROTEIN LEVELS ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION IN CHICKENS

  • Siri, S.;Tobioka, H.;Tasaki, I.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.207-212
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    • 1994
  • Effects of dietary cellulose and protein levels on nutrient utilization in chickens were investigated. Four experimental diets containing 5% (low cellulose) or 20% (high cellulose) cellulose in combination with 10% (low protein) or 20% (high protein) protein of 70 g/day were alternatively forced-fed to eight colostomized White Leghorn cockerels once a day to make $4{\times}4$ Latin-square design. The digestibilities of DM and energy decreased with the increase in cellulose level, but not affected by dietary protein level. Ether extract digestibility was higher in the high cellulose diets than in the low cellulose protein level. Ether extract digestibility was higher in the high cellulose diets than in the low cellulose diets. The digestibility of nitrogen free extract had the same trend with the digestibility of DM and energy. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber was not so much different among the diets, but the NDF digestibility was lower in the high cellulose diets than in the low cellulose diets, due to the low hemicellulose digestibility. The true digestibility of protein was influenced by both of the dietary protein and cellulose levels, and their interaction was found. The dietary protein level affected the biological value of protein but the dietary cellulose level did not, and consequently the biological value of protein in the low protein diets was lower than in the high protein diets.