• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.103-107
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• 2022

Scaffolds are the structures that safely protect sensors in various parts of the body. Because of scaffolds must protect sensors from load, the tensile strength of the scaffolds must be higher than 750 kgf/cm². Currently, the tensile strength of scaffolds made with the 3d printer is 714 kgf/cm². We confirm that the tensile strength of the scaffolds increase using air with high nitrogen concentration. In this study, we conducted experiments to find nitrogen concentrations in which the tensile strength of the specimen is higher than 750 kgf/cm². The nitrogen control device and the nitrogen concentration sensor were installed in the chamber type 3d printer. The nitrogen concentration inside the 3d printer was changed by 5 % from 80 % to 100 %. Specimens of ASTM D 638 standard were produced under changed nitrogen concentration. We measured the tensile strength of specimens. We compared the tensile strength of specimens produced under each nitrogen concentration. We confirmed that when air with nitrogen concentration of 90 % was used, the tensile strength of scaffolds were 762 kgf/cm².

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.84-90
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• 2006

This study was conducted to anticipate nitrate reduction state in tree through measurement of nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and investigate the effect of nitrogen concentrations (100, 200, 400, and 600 $mg\;L^{-1}$) on growth, the nitrogen content of various tissue, and NRA of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Niitaka) seedlings in sand culture. Nutrient solutions used in this experiment were adjusted to pH 6.5 and fixed the ratio of ammonium and nitrate to 1:3 and trickle-irrigated 3 times a day. Tree height and dry weight of various organs in seedlings were higher in low nitrogen concentration (100 and 200 $mg\;L^{-1}$) than in high nitrogen concentration (400 and 600 $mg\;L^{-1}$). The shoot growth in 600 $mg\;L^{-1}$ was extremely poor by nitrogen over supply. Increasing the nitrogen concentration, the concentration of nitrate-N in leaves and roots were insignificantly changed but that of stems increased. The accumulation of total and reduced nitrogen in all organs with increasing concentrations of nitrogen supply were increased at 30 days after treatment but those of all organs at 60 and 90 days after treatment were highest in 600 $mg\;L^{-1}$, whereas there were no significant changes among other nitrogen concentration. The in vivo (${+NO_3}^-$) NRA of all organs did not relate to nitrogen concentration but the in vivo (${-NO_3}^-$) NRA of leaves except roots increased with increasing the nitrogen concentration. Therefore, the proper nitrogen concentration to promote growth and nitrate reduction of pear tree was 200 $mg\;L^{-1}$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.326-334
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• 2022

This study was carried out to investigate the optimal nitrogen concentration level suitable for forage rice growth by hydroponic cultivation in the salinity concentration of 0.1~0.3% which is similar to that of Muan reclaimed paddy field, and based on this results, to estimate optimal nitrogen fertilization level by field experiment in Muan reclaimed paddy for maximum forage production by cultivation of Yeongwoo rice. As a result of the growth response to the salt and nitrogen concentrations in the hydroponic cultivation experiment, the growth amount increased as the nitrogen concentration increased in the range of 0~24 me/L in the absence of salt stress. However, at a salt concentration of 0.1~0.3%, the growth amount was the highest at a nitrogen concentration of 12 me/L, and at higher nitrogen concentrations of that, the rice growth decreased as the nitrogen concentration increased. Therefore, nitrogen concentration of 12 me/L was judged to be an appropriate concentration for forage rice growth at salt concentration of 0.1~0.3%, and a nitrogen fertilization amount level corresponding to a nitrogen concentration of 12 me/L was actually applied to the Muan reclaimed paddy field for forage rice cultivation during two years. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer was tested with three treatments, which are 18 kg/10a considered appropriate, and 1.5 times and 2 times of the appropriate amount, and the planting density was tested with 2 treatments of 15 hills/m² and 26 hills/m². As a result of the reclaimed paddy field experiment, the yield was the highest when nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 18 kg/10a in the planting density of both treatments. Looking at the yield according to planting density, the high planting density plot yielded higher than the low planting density plot. In other words, when the planting density was 26 hills/m² and the nitrogen fertilization amount was 18 kg/10, the highest dry matter yield of 1,763 kg/10a was obtained. From the results of hydroponics and reclaimed field experiments, we could conclude that the productivity of forage rice decreased more as the nitrogen concentration increased when the nitrogen concentration was higher than the optimal level under salt stress.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.1243-1252
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• 2002

This paper aims to find the characteristics of concentration distribution of coastal urban air pollutants. For this purpose, It was used the daily meteorological data and the hourly concentration data for $O_3$and NO$_2$ in Busan metropolitan city from 1994 to 1996. It was investigated the annual and monthly distribution of ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentration at each site in Busan, and also investigated the characteristics of concentration change of air pollutants with time under the sea breeze. As a results, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and ozone tend to be increased every year and nitrogen dioxide concentration is higher than ozone concentration at all sites in Busan. The concentration of ozone is high in summer season and low in winter season, but the concentration of nitrogen dioxide have a reversed trend. The monthly peak concentration of ozone occurred in April and September, while the monthly minimum concentration of nitrogen dioxide occurred in August. Their trend were identified by sites near the coastline than sites stands apart from the coastline. The sea breeze occurred annual mean 81 day in Busan from 1994 to 1996. The main wind direction of sea breeze was classified into southwesterly and southeasterly. In case of southwesterly, It was pronounced the south wind and southwest wind. In case of southeasterly, the occurrence frequency of east wind was high. Especially, the concentrations of urban air pollutants, such as ozone and nitrogen dioxide, were high on time which the sea breeze flow, and the areas that ozone concentration was high moved from outside part to central part of city with time. In costal urban such as Busan, the wind direction of sea breeze is influenced the change of ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentration on time which the sea breeze flow at each site and also influenced the change of air pollutants concentration of sites on the pathway of sea breeze.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2007

Nitrogen compounds in municipal wastewater can be divided into biodegradable and nonbiodegradable fractions with biodegradability. Biodegradable nitrogen compounds can be removed through biological nitrification and denitrification processes, and nonbiodegradable nitrogen compounds affect the effluent quality of biological nutrient removal processes. The amount of nitrifiable nitrogen compounds, which are the sum of ammonia and biodegradable organic nitrogen, has been estimated by respirometry. Respirometry shows good estimation of the concentration of nitrifiable nitrogen when a synthetic sample of ammonium chloride is dosed. The estimated concentration of nitrifiable nitrogen compounds in municipal wastewater is close to ammonia concentration in municipal wastewater, but it is lower than that for the synthetic sample. If nitrogen assimilated into cell synthesis of nitrifiers and heterotrophs is considered, the total amounts of nitrifiable nitrogen compounds, which are nitrified and assimilated, could be more accurately estimated. The concentration of nitrifiable nitrogen compounds, which are biodegradable, is about 31 mg N/l, and this is 119% of ammonia and 94% of total nitrogen. Ammonia, nitrate, biodegradable organic nitrogen, and nonbiodegradable nitrogen are about 79%, 1%, 15%, and 5% of the total nitrogen in municipal wastewater, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate investigated the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrate concentration in soil solution and to determine the relationship between yield and nitrate concentration in soil solution for cucumber cultivation under plastic film house. Nitrogen as urea was applied at rates of 0, 120, 240, 360, and $480kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ as an additional fertilizer by trickle irrigation during cucumber cultivation. Monitoring of nitrate concentration in soil solution was investigated using porous cups at 25 cm depth under soil surface. Nitrate concentration in soil solution increased with increasing the rate of additional nitrogen. Correlation coefficient between EC value and nitrate concentration was positive in soil and soil solution (p<0.05). An additional nitrogen of about $300kg\;ha^{-1}$ was shown the highest yield of cucumber, and improved yield by 5% compared to N recommendation of $240kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$. The highest yield was determined at nitrate concentration of $82mg\;L^{-1}$ in soil solution by regression equation ($Y=74.2+0.73X+0.000504X^2$, $R^2=0.629^*$). These results means indicate that nitrate concentration in soil solution would be useful method to rapid determination for additional nitrogen during cucumber cultivation under plastic film house.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2013

The growth and removal capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus of Chlorella vulgaris were evaluated in artificial wastewater with different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations as element growing components for microalgae growth. The nitrogen concentration was varied in 9, 15, 30 and 60 mg-N/L with fixed phosphorus concentration of 3 mg-P/L. The growth and phosphorus removal capacity of C. vulgaris were high at initial nitrogen concentration of 15 and 30 mg-N/L, and the corresponding N/P ratios calculated were 5 and 10. In the case of varying in 1.5, 3, 6 and 10 mg-P/L of phosphorus concentration with fixed nitrogen concentration of 30 mg-N/L, the growth and removal capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus were excellent with phosphorus concentration of 3 and 6 mg-P/L. The corresponding N/P ratios were shown as 10 and 5. Therefore, the appropriate N/P ratio was concluded between 5 and 10 for wastewater treatment using C. vulgaris.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.332-338
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• 2007

Based on the experiment results of laboratory scale modified anoxic-oxic process for leachate treatment, biological nitrogen removal program was verified in terms of SS, COD, and TN concentration. These measured water qualities concentration could be predicted by biological nitrogen removal program with $R^2$ of 0.994, 0.987, 0.990, respectively. No error was occurred between water qualities concentration and quite wide range of water qualities concentration (i.e., 50-4200 mg/L) during the modelling. Each unit and final effluent of simulated concentration was kept good relationship with that of measured concentration therefore this biological nitrogen removal program for sewage or wastewater treatment plants has good reliance.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.554-560
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• 2020

This study focuses on nitrification through a biological aerated filter (BAF) that is filled with a zeolite medium at low concentrations of ammonia. The zeolite medium consists of natural zeolite powder. The BAF is operated under two types of media, which are a ball-type zeolite medium and expanded poly propylene (EPP) medium. Nitrification occurred in the zeolite BAF (ZBAF) when the influent concentration of ammonia nitrogen was 3 mg L-1, but the BAF that was filled with an EPP medium did not experience nitrification. The ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency of ZBAF was 63.38% and the average nitrate nitrogen concentration was 1.746 mg/L. The ZBAF was tested again after a comparison experiment to treat pond water, and municipal wastewater mixed pond water. The ZBAF showed remarkable ammonia-nitrogen treatment at low concentration and low temperature. During this period, the average ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency was 64.56%. Especially, when water temperature decreased to 4.7℃, ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency remained 79%. On the other hand, the chemical-oxygen demand (COD) and phosphorus-removal trends were different. The COD and phosphorus did not show as efficient treatment as the ammonia-nitrogen treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.580-587
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• 2004

The objective of this research is to investigate the electrochemical oxidation process for nitrogen removal in wastewater involving chloride ion and nitrogen compounds. The process experiment of electrochemical oxidation was conducted by using the stainless steel tube type reactor and the $Ti/IrO_2$ as anode. Free chlorine production and current efficiency variation for total nitrogen removal was compared depending on whether electrolyte is added, and the nitrogen type distribution under an operating condition. When chloride was added as electrolyte, it was found that production of free chlorine increased and the concentration of the chloride decreased as retention time passed. The concentration of chloride in influent decreased from 1,660 to 1,198 mg/L at the current density of $6.7A/dm^2$, while concentration of free chlorine increased to 132 mg/L. Current efficiency in removal of ammonium nitrogen was increased when chloride was dosed as electrolyte. It was observed that ammonium nitrogen was oxidized to nitrite and nitrate through electrochemical oxidation and that the concentration of total nitrogen in influent was reduced from 22.58 to 4.00 mg/L at the short retention time of 168 seconds through the electrochemical oxidation of nitrogen.