• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1980

In order to identify the taste components of Kochuzang (red pepper paste), glutinous rice Kochuzang were prepared with addition of Saccharomyces rouxii and Torulopsis versatilis respectively. The nitrogen compounds were determined during the fermentation period at intervals and the amino acid components of 210 days aged glutinous rice Kochuzang were measured. Results are as follows; 1) The increment of amino-N and soluble-N of Kochuzang were increased remarkably during fermentation period untill 60 day but after that period, the increment was slowly changed. 2) Ammonia-N of Kochuzang was increased slowly during aging period but after that time, the amount was decreased slightly. 3) Amino-N ratio and Nitrogen solubility of 300 days aged Kochuzang were 23.71-25.38% and 54.12-56.19% respectively. 4) 17 Kinds of amino acid were identified at 210 days aged Kochuzang those were Lysine, Histidine, Arginine, Aspartic acid, Threonine, Serine, Glutamic acid, Proline, Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Methionine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophane and Tyrosine. 5) Total amino acids were 3.5-4.1% which consists of Glutamic acid, 0.95-1.05%, Aspartic acid, 0.63-0.65% and Serine, Proline, Alanine, Valine, Leucine were 0.22-0.28% respectively but Methionine, Histidine and Arginine were below 0.1%, and Tyrosine, Tryptophane and Phenylalanine existed in Kochuzang in small quantities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 1990

This study was attempted to compare the nutritive value of leaf with stem of the water cress Oenanthe stolonifera DC. in order to improve the eating habits and as a part of studying on the effective curing nutrients for the damaged liver. The contents of moisture crude proteinon the effective curing nutrients for the damaged liver. The contents of moisture crude protein crude fat and crude ash were 90.40% 2.85%, 0.42% and 0.74% in leaf while the contents of moisture crude protein crude fat and crude ash were 95.15% 0.77% 0.09%, and 0.64% of moisture crude protein crude fat and crude ash were 95.15% 0.77% 0.09% and 0.64% in stem respectively. The quantitative fractionation of proteini of both leaf and stem ranked albumin the highest content followed globulin prolamin and glutelin in order. It has been sh-own by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that water extractable protein of leaf 11 bands but those of stem were not detected. The scope of molecular weight for the main protein of water extractable protein of leaf was between 34.700 and 45,000. The amounts of extractive-nitrogen from leaf and stem of the water cress were 241.02mg% and 271.67mg% respec-tively. The amounts of free amino acid-nitrogen from the leaf and stem were 89.02mg% and 32.02mg% respectively. In free amino acid-nitrogen from the leaf and stem were 89.02mg% and 32.02mg% respectively. In free amino acid composition of both leaf and stem the major components were aspartic acid and glutamic acid. In total amino acid composition of water cress leaf aspartic and glutamic acid were the major components. Whereas alanine and thr-eonine were the major components in stem The assessment of water cress leaf and stem with chemical score. EAAl Rl showed that the values of stem were lower tendancy than those of leaf. Limiting amino acid of leaf was tryptophan while that of stem was lysine.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2005

In order to design new fertilizers for forests, seedlings of Pinus densiflora, Larix leptolepis Betula platyphylla var. japonica, and FQuercus acutissima were treated with different fertilizers, and nutrient concentrations in seedling components were analyzed. In general, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in seedling components increased after N and P application. Potassium (K) concentration in seedling components of Pinus densiflora and Quercus acutissima increased after N, P and K application. However, there were no significant changes in calcium (Ca), sodium (Na) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations. Nitrogen and P concentrations in seedling components increased with the amount of solid combination fertilizer and UF combination fertilizer. Potassium concentration for Pinus densiflora and Na and Ca concentrations for Larix leptolepis also increased with the amount of combination fertilizers. However, nutrient concentrations in seedling components showed no significant changes with different combination fertilizers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2016

The effect of nitrogen doping on the mechanical and tribological performance of single-layer tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C:N) coatings of up to $1{\mu}m$ in thickness was investigated using a custom-made filtered cathode vacuum arc (FCVA). The results obtained revealed that the hardness of the coatings decreased from $65{\pm}4.8GPa$ to $25{\pm}2.4GPa$ with increasing nitrogen gas ratio, which indicates that nitrogen doping occurs through substitution in the $sp^2$ phase. Subsequent AES analysis showed that the N/C ratio in the ta-C:N thick-film coatings ranged from 0.03 to 0.29 and increased with the nitrogen flow rate. Variation in the G-peak positions and I(D)/I(G) ratio exhibit a similar trend. It is concluded from these results that micron-thick ta-C:N films have the potential to be used in a wide range of functional coating applications in electronics. To achieve highly conductive and wear-resistant coatings in system components, the friction and wear performances of the coating were investigated. The tribological behavior of the coating was investigated by sliding an SUJ2 ball over the coating in a ball-on-disk tribo-meter. The experimental results revealed that doping using a high nitrogen gas flow rate improved the wear resistance of the coating, while a low flow rate of 0-10 sccm increased the coefficient of friction (CoF) and wear rate through the generation of hematite (${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$) phases by tribo-chemical reaction. However, the CoF and wear rate dramatically decreased when the nitrogen flow rate was increased to 30-40 sccm, due to the nitrogen inducing phase transformation that produced a graphite-like structure in the coating. The widths of the wear track and wear scar were also observed to decrease with increasing nitrogen flow rate. Moreover, the G-peaks of the wear scar around the SUJ2 ball on the worn surface increased with increasing nitrogen doping.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.310-315
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• 1997

System-Integrated Modular Advanced Reactor (SMART), where major primary components such as modular helical steam generator and self regulating pressurizer are integrated into reactor vessel, is currently under development. The pressurizer is designed to control the primary pressure mainly with partial pressure of nitrogen gas and to maintain the fluid temperature as low as possible for the purpose of minimizing steam contribution. The steam generator (SG) is designed to produce super-heated steam inside tube at power operation. Because the in-vessel pressurizer and in-vessel SG are classified as the characteristic components of SMART, it is important to perform a steady state calculation of these components in order to evaluate the adoption of these components. A steady state analysis of the in-vessel pressurizer and in-vessel SG has been performed under normal power operation and the results show an acceptable performance of the components.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.120-126
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• 2007

Volatile components in red bean (Vigna angularis) were investigated. Extracts prepared by simultaneous steam distillation and solvent extraction were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. One hundred and forty-two components including alkanes/alkenes (17), aromatics (5), furans (15), miscellaneous compounds (2), other nitrogen-containing compounds (11), aldehydes (11), naphthalenes (11), alcohols (34), ketones (23), sulfur-containing compounds (5) and esters (8) were identified. Some of these components, e.g. hexanal, were known to contribute to the "beany" odor in other beans. Due to the presence of such odor, red beans may not be acceptable to some consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.293-303
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• 1977

Cellulosic organic solid wastes such as bark and sawdust, and filter papers as a pure cellulose were pyrolyzed at $300^{\circ}C$ under nitrogen current and mixed current of nitrogen and air. Amounts of condensates collected in air, water, and dry ice-acetone cooling traps, noncondensable gases, and carbonized residues were surveyed. The components of volatile liquids condensed in dry ice-acetone trap were separated by means of gas chromatograph and identified by retention times and syringe reactions. Pyrolysis under nitrogen current produced 13.4∼29.6${\%}$ of tar, 0.01∼0.12${\%}$ of aqueous liquids, 0.24∼1.43${\%}$ of volatile liquids, 9.84∼42.41${\%}$ of noncondensable gases, and 44.0∼65.81${\%}$ of carbonized residues. Pyrolysis under mixed current decreased tar and condensable liquids, but increased noncondensable gases.Volatile liquids collected under nitrogen current separated into the same 19 components by Porapak Q column regardless of the materials and only difference among materials was relative amounts of components. Volatile liquids collected under mixed current separated into six components and mainly lower molecular weight compounds such as methanol and formaldehyde were produced. According to the retention times and syringe reactions, methanol, formaldehyde, acetone, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and three other compounds presumably containing hydroxyl group in the molecular structure were identified out of 19 compounds.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1986

1. Chemical components of fresh tobacco leaves at topping stages were affected variously by fertilizer application level. The more fertilizers were applicated, the higher nitrogen content of leaves was shown regardless of the soil fertility, but phosphorus content was not affected either by phosphorus rate or soil fertility. Potassium content was higher in the leaves grown in fertile soil than infertile at the same application rate. 2. Maturation of tobacco leaves was delayed by applying high level of nitrogen fertilizer, especially in fertile soil. The excessive accumulation of nitrogen in tobacco leaves at later stage of growth resulted in poor quality index for the high content of nicotine and low content of reducing sugar in cured leaves. 3. Nicotine content of cured leaf was increased significantly as nitrogen content increased, regardless of soil fertility, but reducing sugar content was reduced. Nicotine and reducing sugar content of cured leaf were higher in fertile than in infertile soil. 4. Resulting from the facts that nicotine contents were negatively correlated and reducing sugar contents were positively correlated with grading value (Won/Kg), authors suggested that grading index (Won/Kg) of the Office of Monopoly be based on quality index from chemical components of cured leaves.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-155
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• 1983

Though it has been widely known the nitrogen effects are influenced by soils, varieties, and mineral nutrients in the rice culture, few analyses in relation to the factors increasing nitrogen effect have been studied in Korea. The effects of potassium and silica on the factors increasing nitrogen effects in paddy soils were investigated in accordance with soil improvement practices and nitrogen application methods for the cultivated varieties. The results obtained are as follows. 1. For 413 paddy fields, the yield from soils without nitrogen application ranged from 200 to 850kg/10a and that from nitrogen application did 350 to 1,051kg/10a. The yield increament by nitrogen application varied 50 to 650kg/10a depending on soils. 2. Soil chemical characteristics for high yield were different between with nitrogen and without nitrogen application. In the without nitrogen application, however, contents of organic matter, phosphorous, potassium and calcium of high yield soils were lower than those of low yield, while the available silica content was higher in the former. 3. The yield increased with nitrogen application up to 22.4kg/10a and thereafter it decreased. These phenomena were supposed to be not be decrease of nitrogen uptake but by lowered silica uptake. 4. Clay soil incorporation, deep plough, and inorganic constituents control such as Ca, Mg, and $Sio_2$ were effective as soil improvement praitices. It was appeared that increases of silica content and Ca/Mg ratio were important to increase nitrogen effects. 5. For the correlation between yield and yield components, it was high between yield and panicle in low nitrogen level and so was it between grain yield and ripening rate in high nitrogen. 6. In the urea and super granule urea application plot, recovery rate of nitrogen by plant and soil was high and yield was remarkable high. 7. Regardless of fertilizer types such as ammonium sulfate and urea, the residual nitrogen was about 4kg/10a in both plots of 5.8 and 11.6kg/10a. N applied. 8. The potassium application to soil enhanced the nitrogen efficiency. It was more effective in low potassium soil. 9. Optimum pH value for gel formation in the 4% sodium silicate solution was approximately 6.6. 10. It was suggested that silica could affect to rice plant growth as the inorganic and organic chemical components.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.1.1-32
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• 1997

Atmospheric monitoring capabilities were established in 1988 by the University of Florida at Duke forest, near Durham. NC: Cary forest, near Gainesville, FL: and Austin forest, near Nacogdoches, TX. Continuous (hourly averaged) measurements of air quality (ozone, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide) and meteorological variables were made at these three low elevation (< 200 meters), rural locations in the southeastern U.S. for more than three years. During the same period at these sites wet and dry acid deposition samples were collected and analyzed on an event and weekly basis, respectively The monitoring locations were selected to determine actual atmospheric exposure indices for southern pine species in support of on-site surrogate exposure chamber studies conducted by Southern Commercial Forest Research Cooperative (SCFRC) investigators. Daily and quarterly averaged ozone maxima were higher (55 ppb) at the northernmost site in the network (Duke forest) in the second and third quarters (spring and summer seasons) and lower (35 ppb) in the first and fourth quarters (winter and fall seasons), when compared to ozone levels at the two southernmost sites (Cary and Austin forests). Seasonal ozone levels at the latter two sites were similar Nitrogen oxieds and sulfur dioxide levels were insignificant (< 5 ppb) most of the time at all sites, although soil emissions of NO at two sites were found to influence nighttime ozone concentrations. Typical maximum quarterly and annual aggregate ozone exposure indices were significantly higher at Duke forest (92.5/259 ppm-hr) than those values observed at the two southern sites (65.6/210 ppm-hr). Acid deposition (wet and dry) components concentrations and deposition fluxes observed at the Duke forest, NC piedmont site, were generally greater, dependent on site and season, than corresponding variables measured at either of the two southern coastal plain sites (Cary and Austin forests). Acid deposition variables observed at the latter two sites were remarkably similar, both qualitatively and quantitatively, although the sites were located 1300 km apart. A comparison of deposition fluxes of elemental nitrogen (NO3, NH4') and sulfur (5042-, SO3) components in wet and dry forms indicated that wet deposition accounts for approximately 70% of the total nitrogen and 73% of the total sulfur input on an annual equivalent basis at all sites.