• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.144-151
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• 1995

This study investigates the supplementing effects of milks by various heat treatment on growth performance and protein and calcium metabolism of rats. For 4 weeks, raw, LTLT-HTST-and UHT-processed milks were given to rats which fed on a calcium free, semi-synthetic diet containing 5%casein. There were no significant differences among the experimental groups in weight gain, feed efficiency ratio and the serum level of total protein and calcium. Also, no significant differences were showed in protein efficiency, nitrogen balance, apparent protein digestibiltiy and the contents of weight and calcium of the left femur as well as 2 incisors. However, the biological value of protein in the UHT-milk group was significantly higher than that of the raw-milk group. The apparent calcium digestibility and calcium balance in the UHT-milk group were higher than those in the raw-, LTLT- and HTST-milk groups. The weight of left femur in all the groups supplemented with various heat-treated milks was significantly impair the nutritive value of protein and calcium in milk. Futhermore, UHT-processing may improve the bioavailability of protein and calcium in milk.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2003년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.591-594
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• 2003

A field monitoring study was carried out to investigate the water balance and losses of nutrients from paddy fields in Sumjin river basin. The size of paddy fields was 115 ha and the fields were irrigated from a pumping station. The runoff loading was the highest in June because of the high concentrations of nutrients due to applied fertilizer. The surface runoff losses of T-N and T-P in runoff water were 53.4 to 68.3kg/ha(average 59.7kg/ha) and 0.38 to 2.20kg/ha(average 1.42kg/ha), respectively. When the runoff losses of nutrients were compared to applied chemical fertilizer, it was found that 42% to 60% of nitrogen lost via runoff while runoff losses of phosphorus account for 3.0% to 17.2% of the total applied amount during entire year.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.487-491
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• 1994

The experiment was carried out to study the digestibility of nutrients in the neutralized urea-treated rice straw when it was fed singly or in combination with concentrates. A total of 8 crossbred Holstein steers were randomly allocated in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design consisted of 4 treatments, in which the neutralized straw/concentrates ratio on DM basis varied as 100/0, 90/10, 80/20 and 70/30. The results indicated that the digestibility of DM, ether extract and NFE, and TDN and DE of the diets tended to increase with an increase in the level of concentrates. Regression analysis showed that the values of intercepts should be used for estimating DM digestibility, TDN and DE of neutralized straw, when it was fed with concentrates. Digestibilities of crude fiber, NDF and ADF tended to be higher when it was fed singly than when fed with concentrates. Digestibilities of organic matter and CP were not so much changed with the increasing level of concentrates. Although the animals singly fed the neutralized straw showed positive body weight gain and N-balance, it should be necessary to supplement the concentrates to get more body weight gain and N-balance in the crossbred Holstein steers.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2003년도 제20차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.89-90
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• 2003

중탄산소다 함유 대두유 사료는 급성기 반응에 의한 생산성(증체, 사료효율, 칼슘밸런스, 뇨질소 배설량 및 NB) 감소 완화작용이 있었으며, 이때 에너지원의 흡수 증가에 의한 대사에너지 값의 상승과 인 발란스의 증가 및 적혈구 세포액중의 SOD 및 순환 세룰로플라민스의 활성 감소가 관찰되었다. 본 결과는 급성기 반응중의 사료에너지 이용과 전해질 농도는 항산화계의 변화와 상관관계가 있다는 것을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.957-966
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• 2003

면역반응중인 육계 병아리의 생산성과 단백질 및 에너지 이용성에 미치는 사료 중 크릴 밀의 영향을 조사하였다. 갓 부화(0 일령) 병아리(Avian)에 기초사료(크릴 밀 0.0%)와 기초 사료중 대두박 대신 0.5 또는 1.0%의 크릴 밀을 각각 대치한 사료(크릴 밀)를 급여하였다. 병아리 2 주령에 2일에 한 번씩 Salmonella typhymurium lipopolisacchaide(LPS)를 복강 내에 주입하여 자극한 면역반응시의 값을 멸균식염수(0.9%)을 주입한 것(대조)과 비교하였다. 대조 병아리에서 크릴 밀 사료는 생산성, 질소밸런스(NB), 뇨산 배설량, 및 ME 이용량에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러나, 면역반응은 사료 중 크릴 밀 함량에 관계없이 일당 증체량, 사료 섭취량과 NB를 대조에 비해서 유의하게(p〈0.05) 낮추었고, 뇨산 배설량과 간장 및 비장무게를 유의하게(p〈0.05) 높였다. 크릴 밀 1.0%사료는 사료효율을 유의하게 낮추고, 비장무게, g당 NB 또는 ME 이용량 및 사료 g당 ME값을 유의하게 높였다. 크릴 밀 사료는 면역 자극 후 회복중에는 간장과 비장무게를 감소 시켰다. 본 성적은 크릴 밀 사료가 면역반응중인 육계 병아리에서 단백질 분해는 증가시키나, 에너지 이용량은 높인다는 것을 나타내었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2000

본 연구는 $A_2O$ 공정을 적용한 고정생물막법을 이용하여 고농도의 총무기성질소(TIN) 유입으로 인해 C/N비가 낮은 폐수를 처리하기 위하여 최적의 운전조건 탐색과 생물학적 호기탈질을 평가하였다. 혐기조와 무산소조에 세라믹 여재를 그리고 호기조에 PVC 여재를 충전한 실험장치는 C/N(TOC/TIN)비를 0.5로 일정하게 유지하고 알칼리도를 변화시켜 실험을 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 유기물제거는 운전조건에 관계없이 96.0% 이상의 높은 제거효율을 얻었다. 유입수의 알칼리도를 약 1210mg/L(Run 5)로 운전하였을 때, $NH_4{^+}-N$와 총 질소 평균 제거효율은 각각 93.5%, 81.8%이었으며, 제거된 총 질소 중 64.9%가 호기조에서 생물학적 탈질에 의해서 제거되었다. 호기조에서 물질수지를 이용하여 질소와 알칼리도를 분석한 결과, 1mg의 $NO_2{^-}-N$가 탈질에 의해 제거될 때 2.49~3.46mg의 알칼리도가 생성되었다. 호기조에서의 생물학적 탈질은 ${\Delta}TOC/{\Delta}DEN$의 이론적인 비 1.22보다 낮은 0.84(Run 5)에서 일어났다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.160-169
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• 2000

Daily indoor and outdoor nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) concentration for 30 days were measured in 28 houses with questionnaire of housing characteristics in Brisbane, Australia. Using mass balance equation and regression analysis, penetration factors and source strength factors were calculated. The penetration factors of 27 houses except one house were between zero and 1, though penetration factor should be between zero and 1 by means of mass balance equation. Relationship between indoor and outdoor concentrations in each 27 house was calculated using regression analysis. According to the obtained linear regression equation, the slope means penetration factor and the intercept means source strength factor. Calculated mean and standard deviation of coefficients of determination ($R^2$) in electric and gas range houses were $0.70{\pm}0.13$ and $0.57{\pm}0.21$, respectively. The source strength factors were more than zero in 27 houses. Mean and standard deviation of slopes in electric and gas range houses were $0.65{\pm}0.18$ and $0.56{\pm}0.12$, respectively. Mean and standard deviation of intercepts in electric and gas range houses were $1.49{\pm}1.25$ and $5.77{\pm}3.55$, respectively. Air exchange rate and source strength were calculated from penetration factor and source strength factor, respectively. Geometric mean and standard deviation of calculated air exchange rates in 27 houses were $1.1/hr{\pm}1.5$. Presence of gas range was the most significant factor contributing to indoor $NO_2$ level in house characteristics (p=0.003). In gas range houses, source strengths ranged from 4.1 to $33.1cm^3/hr{\cdot}m^3$ with a mean $12.7cm^3/hr{\cdot}m^3$ and a standard deviation 9.8. The source strengths of gas range houses were significantly different from those of electric range houses by t-test (p<0.001)

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2000

Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) determination is being used an indicator of the protein-energy balance in dairy herds. A faulty balance can be corrected to optimize milk production and animal health. This parameter is regarded as a potential tool to evaluate suboptimal feeding practices and reproductive disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the response of milk composition by regular feeding analysis and to compared the relationship between MUN and milk protein(MP) and fertility at the insemination period in Holstein dairy cows. Total of 355 artificial insemination (AI) for 150 Holstein cows in the herd were used to examine the relationship between MUN and MP content and conception rate. The AI occured for the cows 50 to 150 day in milk, and MUN and MP concentration were determined using automated infrared procedures. The mean${\pm}$standard deviation of MUN and MP concentration in the herd were $15.6{\pm}2.1mg/dl$ and $3.23{\pm}0.38%$, respectively. MUN contents of bulk milk were increase by elevated crude protein intake. The conception rate was lower in the cows in which the level of MUN was lower than > 8.0mg/dl (10.0%) or > higher than 25mg/dl (15.4%) relative to the cows in MUN content of 12.0~17.9 mg/dl (36.7%) at the time of insemination. Also, lower MP than 3.0% or higher MP than 3.25% were associated with a lower conception rates. Consequently, MUN and MP analyses may be used serve as a monitoring tool of protein and energy nutritional balance to improve reproduction efficiency in Holstein dairy cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1373-1380
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• 2019

Objective: This study ascertained effects of cactus pear in association with different roughage in the diet of F1 Holstein/Zebu cows on intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, ingestive behavior and performance. Methods: Eight cows with $72{\pm}11$ days of lactation were used. The experimental design was simultaneous in two $4{\times}4$ Latin squares. Four experimental diets were used: Diet 1, sorghum silage as exclusive roughage; Diet 2, sorghum silage associated with cactus pear in a proportion of 50% of the roughage (dry matter basis); Diet 3, elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Roxo) as exclusive roughage; Diet 4, elephant grass associated with cactus pear in a proportion of 50% of the roughage. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 75:25. Results: Dry matter intake (p = 0.01) was higher with sorghum silage. There were differences in dry matter intake (p = 0.01), crude protein (p<0.01), ether extract (p = 0.01), non-fibrous carbohydrates (p<0.01) and total digestible nutrients (p = 0.01) among the diets. Cactus pear in the diet reduced water intake by 44.52% (p<0.01). The nitrogen balance was 59.71% and 27.49% lower in animals treated with exclusive sorghum silage and sorghum silage associated with cactus pear in relation to diets with elephant grass and elephant grass associated with cactus pear, respectively (p<0.01). The diets did not influence the milk production (p = 0.70), 3.5% fat corrected milk production (p = 0.72) or feed efficiency (p = 0.61). Conclusion: The association of cactus pear with sorghum or elephant grass silage does not alter milk production, reduces the intake of dry matter and water and improves the digestibility of nutrients.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2009

본 연구는 진도성견의 단백질 급여수준이 질소균형에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 단백질 급여 표준을 설정하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 실시하였다. 진도견 성견초기(생후 36~38주령)와 성견후기(생후 45~49주령)의 암컷 12두를 대상으로 단백질 수준을 17, 19 및 21%로 설정한 실험사료를 급여하여 체중, 사료섭취량 및 분뇨 배설량을 측정하였다. 성견초기의 일당 증체량은 조단백질 함량 17, 19 및 21%구에서 각각 -38.33, -16.25 및 -12.71g으로 나타났으며 17% 조단백질 사료급여구가 19 및 21% 급여구에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 축적된 질소량은 각각 -0.29, -0.04 및 -0.03g/kg$BW^{.75}$/d로 계산되었으며 조단백질 17% 급여구가 19 및 21% 급여구에 비하여 유의하게(p<0.05) 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 질소섭취량(x)과 질소축적량(y)간에 y = 0.7484x-1.18 ($R^2$ = 0.9923)의 회귀식이 도출되었으며, 이 식으로부터 성견초기의 유지 조단백질 요구량은 9.85g/kg$BW^{.75}$/d로 추정되었다. 진도견 성견후기의 일당 증체량은 실험구 별로 각각 -34.05, -28.71 및 -28.28g으로 17% 단백질 사료급여구가 다른 구에 비하여 낮게 나타났으나 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 축적된 질소량은 각각 -0.33, -0.06 및 -0.09g/kg$BW^{.75}$/d로 계산되었으며 17% 조단백질 급여구가 19 및 21% 급여구에 비하여 유의하게(p<0.05) 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 질소섭취량(x)과 질소축적량(y)간에 y = 0.8823x-1.0894 ($R^2$ = 0.9982)의 회귀식이 도출되었으며 이식을 이용하여 계산한 결과 성견후기의 유지 조단백질 요구량은 7.72g/kg$BW^{.75}$/d로 추정되었다. 본 연구는 우리나라에서 진도견을 대상으로 한 영양소 요구량을 설정하기 위한 최초의 연구로 생각되며 연구의 결과는 진도견의 단백질 요구량을 설정하는데 기초 자료가 될 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 진도견의 단백질 요구량을 최종적으로 설정하기 위해서는 전 생애에 걸쳐서 성별 및 사육환경에 따른 영양소 요구량에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.