• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2003년도 Challenges and Achievements in Environmental Health
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• pp.144-146
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• 2003

The removal effect of total nitrogen in municipal wastewater by decreasing hydraulic retention time(HRT) from 6 hour to 4 hour on MNR process was not decreased.. The removal efficiencies of nutrient removal process combining A2/O process with media for T-N were 63.1% in the reactor operated 6 hour, and 73.5% in the reactor operated 5 hour and 77.0% in the reactor operated 4 hour.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1997

The treatment performances of anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge process were investigated under various operation conditions. The treatment system proposed in this study gave a relatively stable performance against hourly change of the flow rate and showed a satisfactory removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds under experimental conditions. The average removal efficiency of total nitrogen gradually decreased as the influent total nitrogen concentration was increased. High C/N ratio of the wastewater was required for the complete removal of nitrogen. Glucose as a carbon source was more efficient than starch and the removal ability for all components become higher with the increase of the fraction of glucose.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1992

The treatment performances of anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge Process were investigated under various operation conditions. The treatment system proposed in this study gave a relatively stable performance against hourly change of the flow rate and showed a satisfactory removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds under experimental conditions. The average removal efficiency of total nitrogen gradually decreased as the influent total nitrogen concentration was increased. High C/N ratio of the wastewater was required for the complete removal of nitrogen. Glucose as a carbon source was more efficient than starch and the removal ability for all components become hither with the increase of the fraction of glucose.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2006

A continuous feed and cyclic draw SBR process was developed to overcome flow rate fluctuation and to maximize organic matters utilization efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The developed SBR process was operated with two parallel reactors. Influent was supplied to one reactor which was not obligately aerated. At the same time, the other reactor was just aerated without supplying influent. In addition this mode was changed periodically. Cycle time was 6hr and aeration time ratio($t_{aer}/t_{total}$) was 0.33, respectively. $COD_{cr}$ and SS removal efficiencies of 95% or higher were achieved. Nitrogen removal was so greatly influenced by influent $COD_{cr}/T-N$ ratio. At influent $COD_{cr}/T-N$ ratio of 5.7, removal efficiencies of ammonia-N, T-N and T-P were 96%, 78% and 55%, respectively. Influent $COD_{cr}/T-N$ of 4 or higher ratio was necessary to achieve 60% or higher nitrogen removal. Organic matters of influent was efficiently utilized in denitrification reaction and consumed COD has a good correlation with removed T-N(about 6.5 mgCOD/mgTN). Continuous feed and cyclic draw SBR process could be one of alternative processes for the removal of nutrients in rural area where $COD_{cr}/T-N$ ratio was low and fluctuation of flow rate was severe.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.566-571
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• 2006

A sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) operated with a cycle of anaerobic - aerobic - anoxic - aerobic has been evaluated for the nutrient removal characteristics. The sponge-like moving media was filled to about 10% of reactor volume. The sewage was the major substrate while external synthetic carbon substrate was added to the anoxic stage to enhance the nitrogen removal. The operational results indicated that maximum T-N and T-P removal efficiencies were 97% and 94%, respectively were achieved, while COD removal of 92%. The observations of significant nitrogen removal in the first aerobic stage indicated that nitrogen removal behaviour in this SBBR was different to conventional SBR. Although the reasons for aerobic nitrogen removal has speculated to either simultaneous nitrification and denitrification or anoxic denitrification inside of the media, further researches are required to confirm the observation. The specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) test with biofilm and suspended growth sludge indicated that biofilm in SBBR played a major role to remove substrates.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2007

Constructed wetland has been widely used for the treatment of sewage, stormwater runoff, industrial wastewater, agricultural runoff, acid mine drainage and landfill leachate. For the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, uptake by plants and adsorption to media material are the major processes, and, therefore, the selection of media with specific adsorption capacity is the critical factor for the optimal design of wetland along with the selection of appropriate plant species. In this study, two media materials (loess bead and mixed media) possessing different adsorption characteristics for ammonium and phosphate were selected, and their adsorption characteristics were evaluated. In addition, the performance of subsurface-flow wetland systems employing these media was evaluated in both batch and continuous flow systems. With LB medium, beter phosphorus removal was observed, while better ammonia removal was obtained with MM medium. In addition, enhanced removal efficiencies were observed in the wetland systems employing both media and aquatic plants, mainly due to the better environment for microbial growth. As a result, appropriate selection or combination of media with respect to the inflow water quality maybe important factors for the successful design and operation of wetland systems.

• 한국환경기술학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.493-502
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• 2018

수계의 조류발생 원인물질인 질소와 인을 제거할 목적으로 수처리용 EM 담체를 개발한 후, 물리적 특성에 대하여 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. EM 담체를 제조하기 위한 점토 : 제올라이트 : 질석 : 활성탄의 배합비율은 10 : 2.5 : 0.1 : 2, 소성온도는 $700^{\circ}C$가 적합하였다. EM 담체의 공극률과 밀도는 39.98 %와 $1.13kg/m^3$, 질소와 인의 흡착효율은 69.3 %와 38.9 %, 증류수 담체의 공극률과 밀도는 37.80 %와 $1.11kg/m^3$, 질소와 인의 흡착효율은 62.5 %와 37.8 %로 나타났다. EM 담체가 증류수 담체에 비하여 질소의 흡착효율은 6.8 %, 인의 흡착효율은 1.1 %가 크게 나타났다. 담체의 질소와 인에 대한 흡착특성은 Freudlich 흡착등온식으로 표현이 가능하였다. 소성시간의 변화는 EM 담체를 성형할 때 질소의 인의 흡착효율에는 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였으나 담체의 강도에는 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 질소의 제거효율은 소성시간 4시간, 인의 제거효율은 소성시간 3시간에서 가장 우수하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.29-35
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to remove the organics, nitrogen and phosphorus using biosorption for the domestic sewage. The new process using biosorption is based on the methods of contact-stabilization, which remove the organics by absorbing them to the surface of the microorganism in the activated sludge. This process consists of biosorption reactor, biosorption clarifier, nitrifying reactor, nitrifying clarifier, denitrifying reactor, phosphorus uptake(polishing) reactor and final clarifier. The efficiency of removal could be reached 91% for organics, 76% for nitrogen, 90% for phosphorus in Eujungbu pilot plant. We operated the plant which irrigated $10m^3$ per day for sewage. During our operation the HRT(Hydraulic Retention time) was maintained for 10.5hr, but it could be reduced as 8.5hr according to our operation results.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.379-392
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• 2010

최근 국내에서 인공습지는 하 폐수처리장 방류수의 후처리, 비점오염원 관리, 생태하천 복원 등 다양한 용도로 적용되고 있다. 그러나 인공습지가 설치되는 지역의 기후, 유입수의 특성, 지역적 특성 등에 따라 매우 영향을 많이 받기 때문에 인공습지 내에서의 오염물질의 제거기작은 확실하게 이해되고 있지는 않다. 그러므로, 이 연구에서는 인공습지 내에서 질소, 인을 중심으로 한 오염물질의 제거기작을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 질소 제거의 주된 기작은 인공습지 내의 근권(rhizosphere)에서의 질산화/탈질에 의한 것으로 판단되며, 인 제거의 주된 기 작은 인공습지내 여재 등의 기층(substrate)에서의 흡착에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 그러나, 인공습지내의 인의 거동은 산화/환원 전위(ORP), 흡착/탈착, 미생물의 작용 등에 따라 다양한 형태를 가질 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.783-789
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• 2011

하수처리장에서 발생되는 잉여슬러지가 고온 호기 소화 반응을 거치면 슬러지부피가 크게 감소하게 된다. 그러나 고온 호기 소화 상등액에는 고농도의 유기물, 질소 및 인이 함유되어 있기 때문에 이들을 별도로 제거해 주어야만 한다. 본 연구에서는 고농도의 질소와 인의 제거에 많이 사용되는 방법인 Struvite 결정화 공법을 이용하여 고온 호기 소화 여액에 함유되어 있는 질소와 인을 제거하였다. 대상폐수의 암모니아성 질소와 인산염인의 평균농도는 각각 1716.5 mg/L 및 325.5 mg/L였다. 최적의 결정화 반응 조건을 결정하기 위하여 $Mg^{2+}$와 $PO_4^{3-}$의 주입량, pH, 교반 시간($t_d$), 교반 강도(G), 결정핵 주입 그리고 반응 온도를 결정하였다. Struvite 결정화 반응시 마그네슘원으로 $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$, 인산염인염의 원으로 $K_2HPO_4$를 이용하였다. 질소와 인의 제거를 위한 $Mg^{2+}:PO_4^{3-}:NH_4^+$의 적정 주입 몰비는 2 : 1 : 1과 2 : 2 : 1로 압축되었는데 각각의 주입 몰비에 따른 암모니아성 질소 및 인산염인의 제거효율은 전자의 경우에 각각 71.6% 및 99.9%였고, 후자의 경우에는 93.8%와 98.6%였다. Struvite 결정화 반응에서 반응 시간($t_d$)과 교반 강도(G)는 암모니아성 질소와 인산염인의 제거율에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한 결정핵 주입과 온도의 영향에서도 같은 결과가 나타났다. 그러나 결정핵의 주입량이 증가함에 따라 슬러지 발생량이 감소하였으며, 온도의 증가에 따라 생성된 슬러지의 부피는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.