• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.329-338
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• 1985

재래식(在來式) 간장에서 발암성(發癌性) 화합물(化合物)인 nitrosamine의 생성가능성의 규명(糾明)을 위한 연구(硏究)의 일환(一環)으로 식염농도(食鹽濃度)와 $NO_3-N$의 함량(含量)에 따른 nitrosamine의 전구물질(前驅物質)인 $NO_3-N$와 dimethylamine의 변화(變化)를 검토(檢討)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 간장덧의 효효(酵酵)는 용수중(用水中) $NO_3-N$의 함량(含量)이 높을수록 식염농도(食鹽濃度)가 낮을수록 비정상적(非正常的)이었다. 2. 식염농도(食鹽濃度)가 높을수록 $NO_3-N$의 환원(還元)과 $NO_2-N$의 생성(生成)은 지연되었으나 용수(用水)의 $NO_3-N$ 함량(含量)의 고저(高低)에는 관계없이 장기간 $NO_2-N$가 잔존(殘存)하였다. 3. Ascorbic acid의 첨가(添加)는 $NO_3-N$의 환원(還元)을, $NO_2-N$의 생성(生成)을 효과적(效果的)으로 억제(抑制)하였다. 4. Dimethylamine의 함량(含量)은 용수중(用水中) $NO_3-N$의 함량(含量)이 높을수록 낮은 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 5. NDMA는 $0{\sim}261.34\;ppb$가 검출(檢出)되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.807-813
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• 2016

Two experiments were conducted assessing the effects of presence or absence of rumen protozoa and dietary nitrate addition on rumen fermentation characteristics and in vitro methane production in Brahman heifers. The first experiment assessed changes in rumen fermentation pattern and in vitro methane production post-refaunation and the second experiment investigated whether addition of nitrate to the incubation would give rise to methane mitigation additional to that contributed by defaunation. Ten Brahman heifers were progressively adapted to a diet containing 4.5% coconut oil distillate for 18 d and then all heifers were defaunated using sodium 1-(2-sulfonatooxyethoxy) dodecane (Empicol). After 15 d, the heifers were given a second dose of Empicol. Fifteen days after the second dosing, all heifers were allocated to defaunated or refaunated groups by stratified randomisation, and the experiment commenced (d 0). On d 0, an oral dose of rumen fluid collected from unrelated faunated cattle was used to inoculate 5 heifers and form a refaunated group so that the effects of re-establishment of protozoa on fermentation characteristics could be investigated. Samples of rumen fluid collected from each animal using oesophageal intubation before feeding on d 0, 7, 14, and 21 were incubated for in vitro methane production. On d 35, 2% nitrate (as $NaNO_3$) was included in in vitro incubations to test for additivity of nitrate and absence of protozoa effects on fermentation and methane production. It was concluded that increasing protozoal numbers were associated with increased methane production in refaunated heifers 7, 14, and 21 d after refaunation. Methane production rate was significantly higher from refaunated heifers than from defaunated heifers 35 d after refaunation. Concentration and proportions of major volatile fatty acids, however, were not affected by protozoal treatments. There is scope for further reducing methane output through combining defaunation and dietary nitrate as the addition of nitrate in the defaunated heifers resulted in 86% reduction in methane production in vitro.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.1013-1016
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 폐수 내 존재하는 질산성 질소를 제거하기 위해 캐소드물질로 철(Fe), 구리(Cu), 니켈(Ni), 아연(Zn)을 선택하여 전기화학적 환원반응 특성을 조사하였다. $NO_3^-$로부터 $NH_3$로의 변환반응에 있어서 Zn이 가장 우수한 촉매 특성을 가지고있으며, pH 8.5에서 가장 높은 질산성 질소 제거 효율을 나타내었다. 전극표면에서 질산성 질소는 아질산성 질소로 환원된 후, 암모니아성 질소로 전환되는 것을 확인하였으며 암모니아성 질소는 HOCl과의 화학반응을 통하여 질소 형태로 완전히 제거할 수 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2014

In the results of monitoring nitrate concentration in more than 8,000 groundwater wells around agro-livestock, the average and maximum nitrate concentration was 9.4 mg/L and 101.2 mg/L, respectively. Since about 31% of the monitoring wells was exceed the quality standard for drinking water, nitrate control such as remediation or source regulation is required to conserve safe-groundwater in South Korea. Typical nitrate-treatment technologies include ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and biological denitrification. Among the treatment methods, biological denitrification by indigenous microorganism has environmental and economic advantages for the complete elimination of nitrate because of lower operating costs compared to other methods. Major mechanism of the process is microbial reduction of nitrate to nitrite and nitrogen gas. Three functional genes (nosZ, nirK, nirS) that encode for the enzyme involved in the pathway. In this work, we tried to develop simple process to determine possibility of natural denitrification reaction by monitoring the functional gene. For the work, the functional genes in nitrate-contaminated groundwater were monitored by using PCR with specific target primers. In the result, functional genes (nosZ and nirK) encoding denitrification enzymes were detected in the groundwater samples. This method can help to determine the possibility of natural-nitrate degradation in target groundwater wells without multiplex experimental process. In addition, for field-remediation application we selected nitrate-contaminated site where 200~600 mg/L of nitrate is continuously detected. To determine the possibility of nitrate-degradation by stimulated-natural attenuation, groundwater was sampled in two different wells of the site and nitrate concentration of the samples was 300 mg/L and 616 mg/L, respectively. Fumarate for different C/N ratio was added into microcosm bottles containing the groundwater to examine denitrification rate depending on carbon concentration. In the result, once 1.5 times more than amount of fumarate stoichiometry required was added, the 616 mg/L of nitrate and 300 mg/L of nitrate were completely degraded in 8 days and 30 days. The nitrite, byproduct of denitrification process, was also completely degraded during the experimental period.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1391-1396
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• 2013

The photocontrolled reduction of silver nitrate to silver (Ag) nanoparticles on honeycomb-patterned poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK)-cellulose triacetate (CTA) composite thin films was studied. The composites were prepared via the oxidative polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole with ferric chloride using different CTA concentrations. A honeycomb-patterned film was fabricated by casting the composite solution under humid conditions. Ag particles with a homogeneous distribution were produced by the composite film in a moderate CTA concentration, whereas aggregated Ag was obtained from the pure PVK film.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2024

An unconventional fabrication technique of nanoelectrode was developed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and hydrogel. Until now, the precise control of electroactive area down to a few nm² has always been an obstacle, which limits the wide application of nanoelectrodes. Here, the nanometer-sized contact between the boron-doped diamond (BDD) as conductive AFM tip and the agarose hydrogel as solid electrolyte was well governed by the feedback amplitude of oscillation in the non-contact mode of AFM. Consequently, this low-cost and feasible approach gives rise to new possibilities for the fabrication of nanoelectrodes. The electroactive area controlled by the set point of AFM was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the ferrocenmethanol (FcMeOH) combined with quasi-solid agarose hydrogel as an electrolyte. Single copper (Cu) nanoparticle was deposited at the apex of the AFM tip using this platform whose electrocatalytic activity for nitrate reduction was then investigated by CV and Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2017

질산성 질소는 수용액에서 상당히 안정하게 존재하기 때문에 제거하는 데에 있어 상당한 기술이 요구된다. 또한 저 농도의 질산성 질소는 쉽게 제거되는 반면 고농도 질산성 질소는 제거하기가 힘들다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 직경 3mm 정도의 아연 ball을 이용하여 고농도의 질산성 질소를 기체 질소의 형태로 제거하는 것을 목적으로 하였고, 다양한 반응조건에서 질산성 질소의 제거 특성을 실험하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 아연 ball을 사용하여 연속식 처리를 통한 질산성 질소의 처리효율은 약 80%정도 되었다. 하지만 폐수를 수소이온농도 2 정도의 산성 분위기로 유지시켜야하고 처리된 폐수를 중화 처리하여 방류시켜야하는 등의 문제점은 상존하고 있다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회(2)
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• pp.1187-1188
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• 2005

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.612-621
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 전기분해 방법을 이용한 질산성질소($NO_3{^-}-N$) 분해가 $TiO_2$ nanotube plate 및 구리, 니켈, 스테인리스 스틸, 알루미늄, 주석, 티타늄을 환원전극으로 사용하였을 때 가능한지를 평가하였다. 전극의 전기화학적 특성 평가는 임피던스 측정을 하여 비교하였고, $TiO_2$ nanotube plate의 표면 분석은 주사전자현미경을 통해 SEM 및 BET 분석법을 이용한 비표면적 분석을 통해 비교하였다. 질산성질소 전해실험의 경우 90분의 실험을 진행하였으며, 실험 결과 전극 표면의 부식이 수반되지 않은 $TiO_2$ nanotube plate가 기타 금속 전극에 비해 질산성질소 환원 반응속도가 가장 뛰어난 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2005

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) contamination in groundwater often coexists with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) near the source of the plume. Then, groundwater contamination problems have been developed in areas where the chemical is used. Common sources of water contamination by BTEX and MTBE include leaking underground gasoline storage tanks and leaks and spills from above ground fuel storage tanks, etc. In oil-contaminated environments, anaerobic biodegradation of BTEX and MTBE depended on the concentration and distribution of terminal electron acceptor. In this study, effect of electron acceptor on the anaerobic biodegradation for BTEX and MTBE-contaminated soil was investigated. This study showed the anaerobic biodegradation of BTEX and MTBE in two different soils by using nitrate reduction, ferric iron reduction and sulfate reduction. The soil samples from the two fields were enriched for 65 days by providing BTEX and MTBE as a sole carbon source and nitrate, sulfate or iron as a terminal electron acceptor. This study clearly shows that degradation rate of BTEX and MTBE with electron acceptors is higher than that without electron acceptors. Degradation rate of Ethylbenzene and Xylene is higher than that of Benxene, Toluene, and MTBE. In case of Benzene, Ethylbenzene, and MTBE, nitrate has more activation. In case of Toluene and Xylene, sulfate has more activation.