• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.60-64
• /
• 2013

Two strains were isolated from the traditional Deep Blue Sediment Dye of Polygoum tinctoria, Niram, and temporarily named Niram A and Niram B, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain Niram A and B were closely related to the members of the genus Comamonas and Microbacterium, respectively. Strain Niram A exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to C. aquatica LMG $2370^T$ (98.06%). Strain Niram B showed 100% homology with M. oxydans DSM 20578T and M. maritypicum DSM $12512^T$. The growth of the strain Niram A and B was not inhibited in Niram medium containing high calcium concentration without free sugar as carbon source. The reducing Niram is greenish. Therefore, the reducing ability on the Niram of the strains Niram A and B were determined with the color difference of the $a^*$ values of Niram fermented-fluids. The $a^*$ value indicates the level of redness (positive value) or greenness (negative value). The green color is increasing towards the negative value. In all samples fermented for 10 days, the $a^*$ values among samples were no significant difference. However, samples fermented for 15 days have an appreciable change. After fermentation for 15 days, the control Niram sample had $-3.96{\pm}0.02$ of the $a^*$ value. On the other hand, the Niram samples fermented with the strain Niram A and B showed $-4.20{\pm}0.02$ of the $a^*$ value and $-7.86{\pm}0.03$ of the $a^*$ value, respectively. In the reducing ability on the Niram, the strain Niram B was significantly better than the strain Niram A.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2014

In the present study, we investigated the effects of Polygonum tinctoria Niram (PTN) on atopic dermatitis (AD) in BALB/c mice induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). They were divided into four groups; Control, DNCB, DNCB+1%PTN (1% PTN extract) and DNCB+5%PTN (5% PTN extract), for evaluating the change of appearance of skin surface, skin hydration, thickness of epidermis and mast cell numbers during 4 weeks. PTN suppressed symptoms of AD in appearance of skin and increased skin hydration for DNCB+1%PTN and DNCB+5%PTN. Treatment with PTN significantly decreased the levels of eosinophils. In histopathological examination, DNCB+1%PTN and DNCB+5%PTN significantly reduced the thickness of epidermis and number of mast cell in dermis. These results suggested that the PTN improved symptoms of AD in BALB/c mice.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Polygonum tinctoria Niram(PTN) on atopic dermatitis(AD) in hairless mice induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB). Method : They were divided into four group, Nor, Con, 1X and 5X, for evaluating the change of appearance of skin surface, skin hydration, thickness of epidermis and mast cell numbers during 30 days. Results : PTN suppressed symptoms of AD in appearance of skin and increased skin hydration for 1X and 5X. In histopathological examination, 1X and 5X significantly reduced the thickness of epidermis and number of mast cell in dermis. These results suggested that the PTN improved the AD-like symptoms of hairless Mice.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.253-259
• /
• 2012

In this work, the natural indigo production process from Polygonum tinctorium was balanced based on the traditional Niram method in Korea. A standard procedure was determined considering the conditions of indican extraction from plant material, the amount of alkali for precipitation, storage of extract, etc. The effect of experimental conditions on the yield of crude dye was investigated. The contents of indigo and indirubin of the crude dyes were analyzed by HPLC. Increase of the amount of crude dye was observed within 1-2.5 days of extraction time. Longer extraction beyond 2.5 days resulted in a slight decrease in the amount of crude dye. There was no consistency in terms of indigo content depending on extraction pH. We found that the storage of extract or harvested plants affected adversely to dye yield and dye quality. Based on the lab scale extraction, large scale extraction was performed for 2-2.5 days in water and 2.0-2.5 g/L of $Ca(OH)_2$ was applied for precipitation of indigo dye. We obtained natural indigo dye containing about 15% of pure indigo in scale-up production using whole plant except root.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.213-219
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to find out the optimum method of preparation of indigo standard solution and its stability, and to investigate the indigo contents in Niram, blue dye extract, from a total of 7 indigo plants and 34 breeding lines of Persicaria tinctoria H. Gross. Proper solvent for indigo standard was dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and appropriate concentration was 1 mg of indigo in 10 mL of DMSO. Absorbance value of UV/Vis Spectrophotometer at 620 nm of standard solution was changed decreasingly 12 hours after the preparation of standard solution irrespective of the storage conditions such as temperature and light. Average value of absorbance of 8-fold diluted standard solutions prepared daily during 16 days was $0.210{\pm}0.005$, indicating the powder of indigo compound was stable chemically. Calibration curve was made for quantitative analysis of indigo of 7 Niram samples, and indigo contents ranged from 0.69% to 18.76% showing relatively larger variation. Across all 34 breeding lines, the range of indigo content was from 7.9 mg to 56.4 mg per 100 g of fresh leaves, averaging 25.2 mg of indigo content and showing a 47.7% coefficient of variation.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제58권2호
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2013

쪽 두 품종, 나주재래종과 나람블루를 사용하여 높은 생엽수량 및 색소함량을 얻기 위한 적정한 이식시기와 수확시기를 알아보고자 수행한 재배시험 결과, 대체적으로 두 품종 모두 비슷한 경향을 나타냈다. 이식시기가 늦을수록 생엽수량은 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 이식시기 시험구간 다소 차이가 있었지만 니람이나 색소함량은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 수확시기가 늦어질수록 초장, 분지수, 생엽수량은 증가하는 경향을 보였지만, 니람함량은 8월 20일까지 증가하다가 이후 정체하거나 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 수확시기에 따른 인디고 함량 변화는 8월 5일에 가장 높은 함량을 보였고 이후 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 쪽 재배에서 높은 생엽수량과 색소함량을 얻기 위해서는 가능한 이르게 이식하는 것이 좋으며 8월 초순경에 수확하는 것이 유리한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.10-18
• /
• 2009

Dyeing process of the natural indigo powder onto ramie and silk fabrics was investigated by using glucose and calcium hydroxide as a reducing system. Effect of reduction and dyeing conditions such as temperature and time of reduction/dyeing, and concentrations of glucose and calcium hydroxide on the dyeing process were explored. Indigo powder was obtained by drying the conventional niram paste in an oven at $50^{\circ}C$. Color strength of the dyed fabrics was evaluated by K/S value measured at the wavelength of maximum absorption(${\lamda}$max). Munsell color coordinates(H V/C) were used to compare fabric colors of ramie and silk. Ramie fabric showed purple-blue color for all the temperature and time. On the contrary, silk fabric showed wide range of color including brown, brown-green, green at the different temperature. With the increase of K/S value, the coordinate of value(lightness) decreased for both of ramie and silk fabrics. The coordinate of hue(shade) changed drastically with the increase of K/S value for silk fabric, compared with that of ramie fabric which showed nearly constant value at the whole range of K/S value. Optimum concentrations of calcium hydroxide were for 6 g/L for ramie and 4 g/L for silk at $60^{\circ}C$ and 50 min. K/S value increased with the indigo concentration. Maximum K/S value was shown at $10{\sim}12$ g/L of glucose concentration. For both of ramie and silk fabrics, the colorfastness of washing and light was lower than that of rubbing. All the colorfastness values were improved with the increase of color strength.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.191-201
• /
• 2021

In this study, an eco-friendly indigo reduction system(scale up reduction, use of buffer solution, and pH control) using baker's yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was applied for natural indigo(Polygonum tinctorium) dyeing of Hanji fabric and Hanji-mixture fabric(Hanji/Cotton, Hanji/Silk). The effect of concentration of baker's yeast, repeat dyeing, and bath reuse was investigated in terms of dye uptake indicating reduction power. And the oxidation-reduction potential(ORP) was monitored. We also evaluated color properties and colorfastness according to the color strength. The yeast concentration did not significantly affect the maximum reduction power. However, the highest yeast concentration was effective in improving the initial dye uptake, and its the reduction retention power was the most excellent. Even on the last reduction day, the effect of increasing the dye uptake by repeat dyeing was observed. And it was confirmed that the reduction bath could be reused for up to 30 days by supplementing yeast at the end of reduction. For all the fabrics used, deeper and darker PB color were obtained by repeat dyeing. As dyeing was repeated, purplish tint got stronger on the Hanji/Silk fabric compared to other fabrics. Regardless of the composition of Hanji fabrics and color strength, washing and dry cleaning fastness were relatively good with above rating 4-5, and fastness to rubbing and light were acceptable with a rating 3-4 ~ 4-5. The eco-friendly natural indigo dyeing process using niram and baker's yeast would offer global marketability and diversity of Hanji product as a sustainable high value-added material.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.82-96
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study is to enhance the usability of hanji fabrics by expanding the color space of hanji fabrics. For the expression of various colors of hanji fabrics, single and combination dyeing were carried out using natural indigo(Niram, Polygonum tinctorium), marigold extract colorant, and madder extract colorant for three types of hanji fabrics with different fiber compositions(hanji, hanji/cotton, hanji/silk). The light, medium, and deep colors obtained through individual single dyeing were shown to be PB Munsell colors in the case of indigo dyeing, Y color for marigold dyeing, and R color for madder dyeing. For combination dyeing, indigo dyeing was first carried out under the conditions for light, medium, and deep colors, respectively, and marigold or madder dyeing was performed thereafter. Indigo and marigold combination dyeing produced PB, B, BG, G, and GY Munsell colors and indigo and madder combination dyeing produced PB, P, RP, and R Munsell colors. Overall, the color change of hanji/silk fabric was more diverse than that of hanji fabric and hanji/cotton fabric. In the indigo, marigold, and madder combination dyeing into individual deep colors, blackish PB and P Munsell colors was obtained. Colorfastness to washing, dry cleaning, rubbing, and light were relatively good with above rating 4. Finally, 9 colors excluding YR color out of 10 Munsell color were obtained. We confirmed that the expansion of the color space of Hanji fabrics by the single and combination dyeing with indigo, marigold, and madder.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제32권12호
• /
• pp.1963-1970
• /
• 2008

전통적인 니남쪽염료 제조법을 기준으로 굴껍질가루 대신 칼슘하이드록사이드를 사용하여 천연인디고분말염료를 만들었다. 제조한 인디고분말염료에 대한 텐셀의 염색성을 몇 가지 실험조건에서 조사하였으며 염색견뢰도를 측정하였다. 제조한 인디고분말염료는 약 15.5%의 인디고 성분과 0.757%의 인디루빈 성분을 함유하는 것으로 분석되었다. 환원과 염색을 자동염색기로 one-step으로 하였으며 환원제로 소디움하이드로설파이트를 사용하였다. 최대염착량은 $60^{\circ}C$에서 얻었으며 초기 20분 동안에 염착이 거의 이루어졌다. 본 연구의 실험조건 범위에서는 염료농도 4g/L까지는 2g/L의 환원제 농도에서, 염료농도 8g/L에서는 3g/L의 환원제 농도에서 최대염착량을 보였다. 텐셀은 염욕에 가성 소다를 넣지 않고 pH 5.75에서 염색할 때 훨씬 높은 염착량을 나타냈다. 염색견뢰도는 4/5-5등급으로 대체로 우수하였으며, 염착량이 낮을수록 더 높은 광퇴색을 보였다.