• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ni-Cr-X

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Evaluation of Elevated Temperature Strength of Al-Cr-Zr Alloys Strengthened by Nanostructured Crystallines and Intermetallic Compounds (I) (나노 결정립과 금속간화합물상에 의해 강화된 고온, 고강도 Al-Cr-Zr 합금개발 및 특성평가 (I))

  • 양상선
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.49-55
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    • 1999
  • Al-Cr-Zr nanocomposite metal powders were prepared by mechnical alloying (MA) in order to develop aircraft structure materials with lighter weight and lower cost than the conventional Ti and Ni alloys. The morphological changes and microstrutural evolution of Al-6wt.%Cr-3wt.%Zr nanocomposite metal powders during MA were investigated by SEM, XRD and TEM. The approximately 50$\mu$m sized Al-Cr-Zr nanocomposite metal powders has been formed after 20 h of MA. The individual X-ray diffraction peaks of Al, Cr and Zr were broadened and peak intensitied were decreased as a function of MA time. The observed Al crystallite size by TEM was in the range of 20 nm, which is a simliar value calculated by Scherrer equation. The microhardness of Al-Cr-Zr nanocomposite metal powders increases alomost linearly with increase of the processing time, reaching a saturation hardness value of 127 kg/$mm^2$ after 20 h of processing. The intermetallic compound phase of $Al_3Zr_4$ in the matrix was identifed by XRD and TEM.

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Double magnetic entropy change peaks and high refrigerant capacity in Gd1-xHoxNi compounds in the melt-spun form

  • Jiang, Jun-fan;Ying, Hao;Feng, Tang-fu;Sun, Ren-bing;Li, Xie;Wang, Fang
    • Current Applied Physics
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    • v.18 no.12
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    • pp.1605-1608
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    • 2018
  • $Gd_{1-x}Ho_xNi$ melt-spun ribbons were fabricated by a single-roller melt spinning method. All the compounds crystallize in an orthorhombic CrB-type structure. The Curie temperature ($T_C$) was tuned between 46 and 99 K by varying the concentration of Gd and Ho. A spin reorientation (SRO) transition is observed around 13 K. Different from $T_C$, the SRO transition temperature is almost invariable for all compounds. Two peaks of magnetic entropy change (${\Delta}S_M$) were found. One at the higher temperature range was originated from the paramagnet-ferromagnet phase transition and the other at the lower temperature range was caused by the SRO transition. The maximum of ${\Delta}S_M$ around $T_C$ is almost same. The other maximum of ${\Delta}S_M$ around SRO transition, however, had significantly positive relationship with x. It reached a maximum about $8.2J\;kg^{-1}\;K^{-1}$ for x = 0.8. Thus double large ${\Delta}S_M$ peaks were obtained in $Gd_{1-x}Ho_xNi$ melt-spun ribbons with the high Ho concentration. And the refrigerant capacity power reached a maximum of $622J\;kg^{-1}$ for x = 0.6. $Gd_{1-x}Ho_xNi$ ribbons could be good candidate for magnetic refrigerant working in the low temperature especially near the liquid nitrogen temperature range.

Research of Diffusion Bonding of Tungsten/Copper and Their Properties under High Heat Flux

  • Li, Jun;Yang, Jianfeng
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.14-14
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    • 2011
  • W (tungsten)-alloys will be the most promising plasma facing armor materials in highly loaded plasma interactive components of the next step fusion reactors due to its high melting point, high sputtering resistance and low deuterium/tritium retention. The bonding technology of tungsten to Cu alloy was one of the key issues. In this paper, W/CuCrZr diffusion bonding has been performed successfully by inserting pure metal interlay. The joint microstructure, interfacial elements migration and phase composition were analyzed by SEM, EDS, XRD, and the joint shear strength and micro-hardness were investigated. The mock-ups were fabricated successfully with diffusion bonding and the cladding technology respectively, and the high heat flux test and thermal fatigue test were carried out under actively cooling condition. When Ni foil was used for the bonding of tungsten to CuCrZr, two reaction layers, Ni4W and Ni(W) layer, appeared between the tungsten and Ni interlayer with the optimized condition. Even though Ni4W is hard and brittle, and the strength of the joint was oppositely increased (217 MPa) due primarily to extremely small thicknesses (2~3 ${\mu}m$). When Ti foil was selected as the interlayer, the Ti foil diffused quickly with Cu and was transformed into liquid phase at $1,000^{\circ}C$. Almost all of the liquid was extruded out of the interface zone under bonding pressure, and an extremely thin residual layer (1~2 ${\mu}m$) of the liquid phase was retained between the tungsten and CuCrZr, which shear strength exceeded 160 MPa. When Ni/Ti/Ni multiple interlayers were used for bonding of tungsten to CuCrZr, a large number of intermetallic compound ($Ni_4W/NiTi_2/NiTi/Ni_3T$) were formed for the interdiffusion among W, Ni and Ti. Therefore, the shear strength of the joint was low and just about 85 MPa. The residual stresses in the clad samples with flat, arc, rectangle and trapezoid interface were estimated by Finite Element Analysis. The simulation results show that the flat clad sample was subjected maximum residual stress at the edge of the interface, which could be cracked at the edge and propagated along the interface. As for the rectangle and trapezoid interface, the residual stresses of the interface were lower than that of the flat interface, and the interface of the arc clad sample have lowest residual stress and all of the residual stress with arc interface were divided into different grooved zones, so the probabilities of cracking and propagation were lower than other interfaces. The residual stresses of the mock-ups under high heat flux of 10 $MW/m^2$ were estimated by Finite Element Analysis. The tungsten of the flat interfaces was subjected to tensile stresses (positive $S_x$), and the CuCrZr was subjected to compressive stresses (negative $S_x$). If the interface have a little microcrack, the tungsten of joint was more liable to propagate than the CuCrZr due to the brittle of the tungsten. However, when the flat interface was substituted by arc interfaces, the periodical residual stresses in the joining region were either released or formed a stress field prohibiting the growth or nucleation of the interfacial cracks. Thermal fatigue tests were performed on the mock-ups of flat and arc interface under the heat flux of 10 $MW/m^2$ with the cooling water velocity of 10 m/s. After thermal cycle experiments, a large number of microcracks appeared at the tungsten substrate due to large radial tensile stress on the flat mock-up. The defects would largely affect the heat transfer capability and the structure reliability of the mock-up. As for the arc mock-up, even though some microcracks were found at the interface of the regions, all microcracks with arc interface were divided into different arc-grooved zones, so the propagation of microcracks is difficult.

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The Influence of Alloying Elements Addition on the Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Cu-Ni-Si-P Alloy (Cu-Ni-Si-P 합금의 기계적 및 전기적 성질에 미치는 첨가원소의 영향)

  • Kim, Seung-Ho;Yum, Young-Jin;Park, Dong-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2014
  • For connector material applications, the influence alloying elements of Mn, Cr, Fe, and Ti and cold rolling reduction on the mechanical property, electrical conductivity and bendiability of Cu-Ni-Si-P alloy was investigated. The hot rolled plates were solution treated at $980^{\circ}C$ for 1.5 h, quenched into water, cold rolled by 10% and 30% reduction in thickness, and then aged at $440{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ for 3, 4, 5 times. respectively. Cu-Ni-Si-P-x alloys cold rolled by 10 reduction before heat treatment have a good bendability compare to cold rolled by 30 reduction. Cu-3.4Ni-0.8Si-0.03P-0.1Ti shows the peak strength value of 759 MPa, an electrical conductivity of 39%IACS, an elongation of 10% and a hardness of 256 Hv aged at $440^{\circ}C$ for 6 hrs. Thus it is suitable for lead frame and connector.

METAL SURFACE CHANGES BY HEAT TREATMENT OF Ni-Cr ALLOYS (열처리에 의한 도재용 Ni-Cr합금 표면의 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Young-Han;Lee, Sun-Hyung;Yang, Jae-Ho;Jung, Heon-Young
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.219-248
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    • 1989
  • The purposes of this study were to analyze the microstructural and compositional changes of metal surfaces following different conditions of preoxidizing heat treatment, to investigate the composition of metal oxides, and to evaluate the effect of preoxidation and removal of surface oxides on microstructure and diffusion profiles. The techniques of EDAX (energy-dispersive analysis of x-ray), ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis), and EPMA (electron probe micro analysis) were used, along with SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The obtained results were as follows : 1. A surface of the specimen became rough and the amount of the metal oxides increased with increasing the heat treatment time and temperature and the partial pressure of oxygen. 2. At an air pressure of 28' vacuum, the higher the temperature and the longer the time of preoxidation, the higher Ni concentration was detected. 3. Cr concentration in the specimen heat treated with air was higher than that of with vacuum. 4. The oxides in the specimens were mainly composed of Ni and Cr oxides. On the globular growth particles, significant rises in Al concentration of Rexillium III and Ti concentration of Verabond were noted. 5. Atomic diffusion occurred at the ceramic-metal interface, furthermore the amount of the flux was increased with preoxidation heat treatment.

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Microstructural Analysis and High Temperature Compression Behavior of High Temperature Degradation on Hastelloy X (Hastelloy X의 고온열화에 따른 미세구조 및 고온압축특성)

  • Kim, Gil-Su;Jo, Tae-Sun;Seo, Young-Ik;Ryu, Woo-Seog;Kim, Young-Do
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.318-322
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    • 2006
  • Short-term high temperature degradation test was conducted on Hastelloy X, a candidate tube material for high temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGR), to evaluate the variation of microstructure and mechanical property in air at $1050^{\circ}C$ during 2000 h. The dominant oxide layer was Cr-oxide and a very shallow Cr-depleted region was observed below the oxide layer. At the beginning of degradation, the island shape $M_6C$ precipitate (M=Mo-rich, Fe, Ni, Cr) was observed in matrix region. After 2000 h degradation, precipitate shape was changed to the chain shape and increased amount of precipitate. These results influenced mechanical property of the specimen which exposed in high temperature. Yield strength was decreased from 115MPa to 89 MPa after 24 h and 2000 h exposure, respectively.

Low-temperature Oxidation of Odor Compounds over La-based Perovskite Catalyst (란탄 기반 페롭스카이트 촉매를 이용한 악취 유발 물질의 저온 산화 반응)

  • Bang, Yong-Ju;Seo, Jeong-Gil;Lee, Gi-Chun;Park, Chan-Jung;Kim, Hyung-Tae;Song, In-Kyu
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.168-174
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    • 2011
  • Various La-based perovskite catalysts were prepared by a Pechini method, and they were applied to the low-temperature oxidation of odor compounds exhausted from waste food treatment process for effective deodorization. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of exhausted gas were conducted to measure the amount of major odor compounds with respect to operation time. A standard odor sample composed of major odor compounds was then prepared for use as a feed for oxidation reaction system. Various transition metal(M)-substituted La-based perovskite catalysts ($LaMO_{3}$: M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) were prepared and applied to the oxidation of odor compounds in order to investigate the $LaNiO_3$ catalyst showed the best catalytic performance. Pt-substituted perovskite catalysts ($LaNi_{1-x}Pt_{x}O_{3}$: x=0, 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3) were then prepared for enhancing the catalytic performance. It was found that $LaNi_{0.9}Pt_{0.1}O_{3}$ catalyst served as the most efficient catalyst. Supported perovskite catalysts ($XLaNi_{0.9}Pt_{0.1}O_{3}/Al_{2}O_{3}$: X=perovskite content(wt%), 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100) were finally applied for the purpose of maximizing the catalytic performance of perovskite catalyst in the low-temperature oxidation reaction. Catalytic performance of $XLaNi_{0.9}Pt_{0.1}O_{3}/Al_{2}O_{3}$ catalysts showed a volcano-shaped curve with respect to perovskite content. Among the catalysts tested, $20LaNi_{0.9}Pt_{0.1}O_{3}$/$Al_{2}O_{3}$ catalyst exhibited the highest conversion of odor compounds of 88.7% at $180^{\circ}C$.

Development of High Corrosion Resistant $Mo_2NiB_2$ Boride Base Cermets for Plastic Injection Molding Machine Parts

  • Hirata, Kourou;Iwanaga, Kengo;Yamasaki, Yuji;Takagi, Ken-ichi
    • Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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    • 2006.09a
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    • pp.111-112
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    • 2006
  • Injection molding of corrosive super engineering plastics and engineering plastics with various fillers is conducted under severe conditions and causes corrosion and wear problems. We have developed $Mo_2NiB_2$ boride base cermets, which have excellent corrosion-and wear-resistances, and tried to apply them into plastic molding machine parts. In this paper, the effects of V substitution for Cr on the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and microstructure of Ni-5.0B-51.0Mo-(17.5-X)Cr-XV (mass%) model cermets were investigated. Both transverse rupture strength (TRS) and hardness increased monotonically with increasing V content and reached 2.94GPa and $87.2R_A$ at 10.0%V, respectively. The improvements of TRS and hardness were attributed to microstructural refinement.

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Additive manufacturing and mechanical properties evolution of biomedical Co-Cr-Mo alloys by using EBM method

  • Chiba, Akihiko;Kurosu, Shingo;Matsumoto, Hiroaki;Li, Yunping;Koizumi, Yuichiro
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2012.05a
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    • pp.56.1-56.1
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    • 2012
  • The microstructures and mechanical properties of Co-29Cr-6Mo alloy with C and N additions, produced by additive manufacturing using electron beam melting (EBM) method, were studied using X-ray diffraction, electron back scatter diffraction, transmission electron microscope, Vickers hardness tests, and tensile tests, focusing on the influences on the build direction and the various heat treatments after build. It is found that the microstructures for the as built specimens were changed from columnar to equiaxed grain structure with average grain size of approximately $10-20{\mu}m$ due to the heat treatment employing the reverse transformation from a lamellar (hcp + $Cr_2N$) phase to an fcc. Our results will contribute to the development of biomedical Ni-free Co-Cr-Mo-N-C alloys, produced by EBM method, with refined grain size and good mechanical properties, without requiring any hot workings.

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Removal of heavy metals in electroplating wastewater by powdered activated carbon (PAC) and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate-modified PAC

  • Kim, Tae-Kyoung;Kim, Taeyeon;Choe, Woo-Seok;Kim, Moon-Kyung;Jung, Yong-Jun;Zoh, Kyung-Duk
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.301-308
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    • 2018
  • We investigated simultaneous removal of heavy metals such as Cr, Ni, and Zn by adsorption onto powdered activated carbon (PAC) and PAC modified with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (PAC-SDDC). Modification of PAC was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Both PAC and PAC-SDDC reached adsorption equilibrium within 48 h, and the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second order reaction kinetics. The removal of metals was enhanced with increasing both adsorbent dosage and followed the descending order of Cr > Ni > Zn for PAC and Cr > Zn > Ni for PAC-SDDC, respectively. Adsorption kinetics followed pseudo-second order kinetics. Adsorption kinetic results were well fitted by the Freundlich isotherm except for Cr adsorption onto PAC. The optimum pH for heavy metal adsorption onto PAC was 5, whereas that for PAC-SDDC ranged from 7 to 9, indicating that modification of PAC with SDDC significantly enhanced heavy metal adsorption, especially under neutral and alkaline pH conditions. Our results imply that SDDC modified PAC can be applied to effectively remove heavy metals especially Cr in plating wastewaters without adjusting pH from alkaline to neutral.