• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.418-429
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• 2011

Novel chromium(III), manganese(II), iron(III), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), ruthenium(III), and zirconyl(II) complexes of $N^1,N^2$-bis(3-((3-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)methylene-amino)propyl)phthalamide ($H_4L$, 1) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental, physical, and spectral analyses. The spectral data showed that the ligand behaves as either neutral tridentate ligand as in complexes 2-5 with the general formula $[H_4LMX_2(H_2O)]{\cdot}nH_2O$ (M=Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), X = Cl or $NO_3$), neutral hexadentate ligand as in complexes 10-12 with the general formula $[H_4LM_2Cl_6]{\cdot}nH_2O$ (M=Fe(III), Cr(III) or Ru(III)), or dibasic hexadentate ligand as in complexes 6-9 with the general formula $[H_2LM_2Cl_2(H_2O)_4]{\cdot}nH_2O$ (M = Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) or Mn(II), and 13 with general formula $[H_4L(ZrO)_2Cl_2]{\cdot}8H_2O$. Molar conductance in DMF solution indicated the non-ionic nature of the complexes. The ESR spectra of solid copper(II) complexes 2, 5, and 6 showed $g_{\parallel}$ >g> $g_e$, indicating distorted octahedral structure and the presence of the unpaired electron in the $N^1,N^2$ orbital with significant covalent bond character. For the dimeric copper(II) complex $[H_2LCu_2Cl_2(H_2O)_4]{\cdot}3H_2O$ (6), the distance between the two copper centers was calculated using field zero splitting parameter for the parallel component that was estimated from the ESR spectrum. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compounds showed that, some of metal complexes exhibited a greater inhibitory effect than standard drug as tetracycline (bacteria) and Amphotricene B (fungi).

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 1994

Several ultramafic bodies and ultramafic origin talc deposits are distributed in Chungnam province near the contact zone with Ogchun fold belt They occur as discontinued belt form with northeast trending, and most of them are more or less sepentinized. Major, trace, and rare earth elements analyses were made of the ultramafics from the study area to constrain their origin and genetic relationships. Compared to the primitive mantle estimates of privious workers, the correlations defined by the studied rock samples indicate similar Ni but very lower $Al_{2}O_{3}$, CaO and $TiO_{2}$ contents. It is inferred that source material of the studied rocks might be residual mantle which had undergone a large degree of partial melting event. The REE patterns show relatively flat to enriched in LREE (chondrite normalized La/Yb and Sm/Yb ratios are 1.1-5.2 and 1.2-1.6). Several alternative explaination are possible for LREE enrichment patterns in the studied ultramafic rocks such as 1) enrichment due to late stage alteration, 2) enriched pre-melting composition, and 3) mixing of two components. Based on the result, the LREE enrichment characteristic of the studied rocks might be result from the mixture of two geochemically distinct components; one is depleted residual mantle and the other component which determine the abundances of incompatible elements and responsible for the LREE enrichment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1998.02a
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• pp.24-24
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• 1998

반도체장비를 포함하는 초고진공장비의 園훌化가 급속히 그리고 절실히 요구되고 있는 것이 현실정이다. 當面해서 실현할 국산진공장비의 대상은 廣範圍하다. 즉, 각종 진공 pump ( (rotary, dry, diffusion, cryo, ion, turbo melecular pump), 진공 chamber, 진공 line, gate valve 를 위 시 한 진공 V머ve, flange, gasket, fl않d야lU, mainpulater 퉁 진공 部品이 다. 진공계 의 핵심 은 適切하고 優良한 진공재료의 선태파 사용이다. 진공장비는 사용자가 원하는 진공도를 원하 는 시간 동안 륨空度를 유지해 주어야 한다. 진공재료 선태의 기준사항은:(1) 기체의 透過성 (2) 薰했훌 (3) 혔體放出특성 - -outgassing과 degassing- (4) 機械的 량훌度 (5) 온도 의존성 (6) 化學톡성 (7) 加I성 및 鎔接 성 (8) 課電특성 (9) 磁氣특성 (10) 高速함子 및 放射線 특성 (11) 經濟성 및 調達생 둥이 다. 우량한 초고진공계재료는 풍부하게 개발되어 왔고, 또 新材料들이 개발되고 있다. 여기에서는 주로 초고진공 내지는 극고진공계의 構造材料, 機能材料, 部品材料 일반파 몇가지 신재료의 특 성에 관해서 記述한다. M Mild SteeHSAE, 1112, 1010, 1020, 1022, etc)., S Stainless SteeHAlSI, 304, 304L, 310, 316, 321, 347): 구조재료, chamber, fl하1ges A Aluminum과 Alloys (1060, 1100, 2014, 4032, 6(뻐1): 구조재료, chamber, flanges, gaskets A AI, Al 떠loy는 SS에 代替하는 역 할올 시 작하고 있다. C Copper, Copper Alloys(C11$\alpha$)0, C26800, C61400, Cl7200): 내장인자, gasket, cryopanel, tubing T Titanium, Ziriconium, Haf띠um 및 Alloys: 특히 Ti은 10n pump 용 getter material 이 외 에 U UHV,XHV용 chamber계로서 관심올 끌고 있다. N Nickel, Nickel Alloys (200, 204, 211, monel, nichrome): 부식 방지 , 전자장치 , 자기 장치 귀 금속(Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os, Ru): 보조부품, gasket, filament, coating, thermocouple, 접 합부위 T TiC, SiC, zrC, HfC, TaC 둥의 탄화물과, BN, TiN, AlN 동의 질화물, 붕화물이 둥장하고 었 다. 유리: Soda Lime, Borosilicate, Potash Soda Lead: View Port, Chamber envelope C Ceramics: AlZ03, BeO, MgO, zrOz, SiOz, MgOzSiOz, 3Alz032SiOz, Z$textsc{k}$hSiOz S상N4: e electrical, thermal insulators, crucibles, boats, single crystals, sepctr려 windows 저자는 최근 저자들이 발견한 Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be amorphous alloys coated cham뾰r가 radiation p proof로 이용될 수 있는 사실을 점검하고 었다 .. Z.Y. Hua 들은 Cs3Sb를 새로운 photocathode 재료로 보고하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.315-319
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• 2005

To obtain low switching field ($H_{SW}$) we introduced amorphous ferromagnetic $Co_{70.5}Fe_{4,5}Si_{15}B_{10}$ single and synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) free layers in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). The switching characteristics for MTJs with structures $Si/SiO_2/Ta$ 45/Ru 9.5/IrMn 10/CoFe 7/AlOx/CoFeSiB 7 or CoFeSiB (t)/Ru 1.0/CoFeSiB (7-t)/Ru 60 (in nm) were investigated and compared to MTJs with $Co_{75}Fe_{25}$ and $Ni_{80}Fe_{20}$ free layers. CoFeSiB showed a lower saturation magnetization of $560 emu/cm^3$ and a higher anisotropy constant of $2800\;erg/cm^3$ than CoFe and NiFe, respectively. An exchange coupling energy ($J_{ex}$) of $-0.003erg/cm^2$ was observed by inserting a 1.0 nm Ru layer in between CoFeSiB layers. In the CoFeSiB single and SAF free layer MTJs, it was frond that the size dependence of the $H_{SW}$ originated from the lower $J_{ex}$ experimentally and by micromagnetic simulation based on the Landau-Lisfschitz-Gilbert equation. The CoFeSiB SAF structures showed lower $H_{SW}$ than that of NiFe, CoFe and CoFeSiB single structures. The CoFeSiB SAF structures were proved to be beneficial far the switching characteristics such as reducing the coercivity and increasing the sensitivity in micrometer to submicrometer-sized elements.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.106-117
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• 2006

We measured the concentrations of organic matter and metallic elements (Al, Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg) in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor (in the southern sea, Korea) to evaluate the geochemical characters of sediment and the pollutions by organic matter and metallic elements. The mean grain size of the surface sediments in the study area ranged from $5.6{\phi}$ to $7.8{\phi}$, indicating silt sediment. The water content of the surface sediments exceeded 60% except at some stations. The contents of ignition loss (IL), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) ranged from 7.2-14.3%, 1.2-3.2%, and 0.10-0.28%, respectively. Based on the C/N ratios, the organic matter in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor may originate from terrigenous sources including fluvial inputs (mainly sewage in urban areas). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) ranged from $11.3-29.9\;mgO_2/g\;dry$ and 0.20-4.47 mgS/g dry, respectively, and low concentrations were observed near a shipping route. In addition, the concentrations of metallic elements showed large spatial variations in Masan Harbor and the distributions of metallic elements were also comparable to those of organic matter. This implies that the distributions of organic matter and metallic elements in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor are mainly controlled by biogenic matter and artificial action (mainly dredging). In addition, we calculated the enrichment facto. (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) in order to evaluate pollution by metallic elements. The enrichment of metallic elements relative to Al was three to eighteen times higher at the study sites, compared to levels in the Earth's crust except for Fe, Ni and Mn. In addition, the Igeo class indicated that the surface sediments in the study area were moderately to strongly polluted in terms of metallic elements.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.180-188
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• 1974

Adsorption mechanism of alkyl aldehydes, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde on cations supported by layer silicates was studied by means of IR spectroscopy and X-ray. An analysis of four characteristic split bands in the region of $1720∼1580㎝^{-1}$ was made. The carbonyl stretching band which shifted about $130㎝^{-1}$ to lower frequencies was observed only for $Ni^{2+}$ and Al^{3+}$ but slightly with $Ca^{2+}$ at high sample temperature and was attributed to >C=O…M complex formation. A sharp band which appeared as a shoulder at 1722 for acetaldehyde and 1690 for acrolein and crotonaldehyde was responsible for the interaction of carbonyl with surface hydroxyl. The second broad band which appeared at about 1710~1660 was responsible for hydrogen bonding between carbonyl oxygen and cationic hydroxyl group. The third band which appeared at about 1640~1660 was attributed to induced >C=C< double bond due to the strong carbonyl interaction. This was supported by the interlamellar spacings obtained by X-ray diffractometry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.201-201
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• 2006

영구자석은 크게 Hard ferrite와 희토류계 자석, 그리고 Alnico 주조자석으로 구별되어진다. 그동안 Hard ferrite는 산업적으로 전자기 응용제품 또는 각종 구동 모터에 응용되어 왔지만, 최근 Nd계 희토류 자것이 고성능 모터의 소재로 급격히 대체되고 있다. 하지만, 희토류계 원료에 비해 동일 중량 대비 40~60배 가량 저렴한 Hard ferrite의 사용은 현재까지도 꾸준히 유지되고 있으며, 최근 자동차 고성능 모터용 Sr ferrite의 개발이 연구 중이다.[2] 본 연구에서는 제일원리 전산모사를 통하여 HCP 구조의 기본 Unit Cell 64개 원자를 가진 Sr-ferrite의 격자상수를 계산하여 기존 연구결과와 비교하였으며, 자화에너지와 자기모멘트를 계산하였다. 또한 향후 각종 첨가물의 영향에 대한 연구를 위해 기본 구조 및 치환 구조에 대해 고찰하였다. 그 결과 가장 안정한 에너지를 갖는 격자상수는 a=5.88, b=23.03으로 계산되어 Kimura et al의 측정 결과와 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, $E_F$가 3.9171, $M_B$는 46.6481로 계산되었다. 항후 Sr-ferrite의 구조에서 Fe atom의 일부를 동일주기 원소인 Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu로 치환하여 자기적 특성을 계산하여 본 연구결과와 비교하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.154-154
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• 2012

Flexible complementary inverters based on thin-film transistors (TFTs) are important because they have low power consumption and high voltage gain compared to single type circuits. We have manufactured flexible complementary inverters using pentacene and amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) for the p-channel and n-channel, respectively. The circuits were fabricated on polyimide (PI) substrate. Firstly, a thin poly-4-vinyl phenol (PVP) layer was spin coated on PI substrate to make a smooth surface with rms surface roughness of 0.3 nm, which was required to grow high quality IGZO layers. Then, Ni gate electrode was deposited on the PVP layer by e-beam evaporator. 400-nm-thick PVP and 20-nm-thick ALD Al2O3 dielectric was deposited in sequence as a double gate dielectric layer for high flexibility and low leakage current. Then, IGZO and pentacene semiconductor layers were deposited by rf sputter and thermal evaporator, respectively, using shadow masks. Finally, Al and Au source/drain electrodes of 70 nm were respectively deposited on each semiconductor layer using shadow masks by thermal evaporator. The characteristics of TFTs and inverters were evaluated at different bending radii. The applied strain led to change in voltage transfer characteristics of complementary inverters as well as source-drain saturation current, field effect mobility and threshold voltage of TFTs. The switching threshold voltage of fabricated inverters was decreased with increasing bending radius, which is related to change in parameters of TFTs. Throughout the bending experiments, relationship between circuit performance and TFT characteristics under mechanical deformation could be elucidated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.285-285
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• 2010

$Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) 박막 태양전지 제조에는 동시증발법 (co-evaporation)으로 Cu, In, Ga, Se 각 원소의 증발을 세 단계로 제어하여 CIGS 박막을 증착하는 3-stage 방법이 널리 이용된다[1]. 3-stage 중 1st-stage에서는 In, Ga, Se 원소 만을 증발시켜 $(In,Ga)_2Se_3$ 전구체 (precursor) 박막을 성장시킨다. 고효율의 CIGS 태양전지를 위해서는 $(In,Ga)_2Se_3$ 전구체 증착의 공정 변수와 이에 따른 박막 특성의 이해가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 Mo 박막이 증착된 소다석회유리 (soda lime glass) 기판에 동시증발장비를 이용하여 280 380 의 기판 온도에서 In, Ga, Se 물질을 증발시켜 $(In,Ga)_2Se_3$/Mo/glass 시료를 제작하였으며 XRD, SEM, EDS 등의 방법을 이용하여 특성을 분석하였다. XRD 분석 결과 기판 온도 $280{\sim}330^{\circ}C$에서는 $(In,Ga)_2Se_3$ 박막의 (006), (300) 피크가 관찰되었으며, 기판 온도가 증가할수록 (006) 피크 세기는 감소하였고 (300) 피크 세기는 증가하였다. $380^{\circ}C$에서는 (110)을 포함한 다수의 피크가 관찰되었다. 그레인 (grain) 크기는 기판 온도가 증가할수록 커지며 Ga/(In+Ga) 조성비는 기판 온도에 따라 일정함을 각각 SEM과 EDS 측정을 통해 알 수 있었다. $(In,Ga)_2Se_3$ 전구체의 (300) 배향은 CIGS 박막의 (220/204) 배향을 촉진하고[2], 이것은 높은 광전변환효율에 기여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 때문에 $(In,Ga)_2Se_3$의 (300) 피크의 세기가 가장 큰 조건인 $330^{\circ}C$를 1st-stage 증착 온도로 하여 3-stage CIGS 태양전지 공정을 수행하였으며, $MgF_2$/Al/Ni/ITO/i-ZnO/CdS/CIGS/Mo/glass 구조의 셀에서 광전변환효율 16.96%를 얻었다.

• Clean Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 2017

$FeCl_3$ solution has been used as an etchant for metal etching such as Fe, Cu, Al and Ni. In the etching process, $Fe^{3+}$ is reduced to $Fe^{2+}$ and the etching efficiency is decreased. Waste $FeCl_3$ etchant has environmental, economic problems and thus the regeneration of the etching solution has been required. In this study, HCl was mixed with the $FeCl_2$ solution and then, $H_2O_2$, $NaClO_3$ were added into the mixed solution to oxidize the $Fe^{2+}$. During the oxidation process, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was measured and the relationship between ORP and oxidation ratio was investigated. The ORP is increased with increasing the concentration of $H_2O_2$ and $NaClO_3$, and then the ORP is decreased with oxidation progress. Such a behavior was in good agreement with Nernst's equation. Also, the oxidation efficiency was about 99% when a sufficient amount of HCl and $H_2O_2$, $NaClO_3$ were added.