• 제목/요약/키워드: NgN

검색결과 693건 처리시간 0.029초

채소류의 비타민 K1 분석을 위한 추출방법의 비교 (Comparison of Extraction Methods for Determination of Vitamin K1 in Vegetables)

  • 김현기;최용민;조영숙;성지혜;함현미;이준수
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
    • /
    • 제43권11호
    • /
    • pp.1791-1795
    • /
    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 HPLC를 사용하여 채소류 식품군에서 비타민 K1의 분석법을 확립하고 이에 대한 분석법 검증하고자 하였다. 그 결과 본 시험법에서 표준용액의 피크유지시간과 부추 추출액의 피크유지시간이 일치하여 특이성을 확인하였다. 검량선의 상관계수($R^2$)는 0.9994 이상으로 높은 유의수준을 보여 분석에 적합함을 알 수 있었으며, 검출한계는 0.1335 ng/injection volume($50{\mu}L$)이었고 정량한계는 0.2784 ng/injection volume($50{\mu}L$)으로 설정되었다. 일내, 일간분석에서 정밀도를 나타내는 변동계수(coefficient variation, CV)는 표준용액에서 각각 1.979%, 2.107%로 나타내었고 정확성은 99.439%로 나타내어 채소류에서 비타민 K1의 분석법이 적합한 시험법임이 검증되었다. 본 분석법에 따라 채소류의 비타민 K1을 분석한 결과 식품공전의 효소를 이용한 분석법보다 더 높은 추출률을 나타내었으며 다른 물질의 간섭 없이 분석 가능하여 채소류의 비타민 K1의 검출에 응용되어 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

서울 거주 산모 모유 중 PBDEs 이성질체 농도 및 노출 요인에 관한 연구 (Concentrations of PBDE Congeners in Breast Milk and Predictors of Exposure in Seoul Residents)

  • 위성욱;윤조희;민병윤
    • 한국환경보건학회지
    • /
    • 제37권6호
    • /
    • pp.440-449
    • /
    • 2011
  • Objectives: This study was designed to determine the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk and to evaluate the relations with factors affecting these levels. Methods: The congener levels of PBDE in 22 samples of breast milk were analyzed using a high resolution gas chromatograph with a high resolution mass detector. In accordance with our standard operating procedures, the recoveries of internal standards had to range between 68% and 118%. Since the distribution of PBDE concentrations is close to log-normal, the data were logarithmically transformed before analysis. Test subjects were healthy primipara and multipara mothers with a mean age of 32 (SD = 2.7) in 2006. Results: Seven PBDE congeners (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183) were detected and identified in all of the pooled breast milk samples, indicating widespread contamination from PBDEs in the environment in Korea. Residue levels of total PBDEs (sum PBDEs from tri- to hepta-BDE) ranged from 0.84-13.1 ng/g lipid with median and geometric mean levels of 2.6 ng/g lipid and 2.74 ng/g lipid, respectively. PBDE congeners 47, 99 and 153 markedly predominated and accounted for about 75% of the amount of the PBDE congeners analyzed. BDE-47 was the dominant congener in most samples, whereas BDE-153 was predominant in a few (n = 7/22). BDE-47 was highly correlated with total PBDEs (r = 0.987, p < 0.01). In analyses of the differences of the means of log transformed breast milk PBDE levels for groups of potential covariates, only breast milk BDE-47 and BDE-99 levels were significantly associated with fish (p < 0.05) and meat consumption (p < 0.01). However, we did not find significant correlations between PBDE levels and maternal age, body mass index (BMI), parity, job presence and smoking status. Conclusions: Our findings are mainly limited due to the small sampling size and low doses of PBDEs exposure. Background and human exposure data of PBDEs is lacking, and longitudinal investigations into the environment and biota are encouraged to determine the health impact on future populations in Korea.

낙동·고령 중권역의 표층 퇴적물 입도 조성 및 유기물질 분포 특성 변화 (The Distribution Characteristics of Grain Size and Organic Matters of Surface Sediments from the Nakdong-Goryeong Mid-watershed)

  • 김신;안정민;김형근;권헌각;김경훈;신동석;양득석
    • 한국환경과학회지
    • /
    • 제27권6호
    • /
    • pp.411-423
    • /
    • 2018
  • To investigate the distribution characteristics of grain size and organic matter of surface sediments from the Nakdong-Goryeong Mid-watershed, surface sediments were collected and analyzed. The samples were collected from six sited at four different times between May 2013 and May 2014. The were analyzed for grain size, water content, ignition loss, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon and total nitrogen. The surface sediments were mainly composed of medium sand (mean 44.7%) and coarse sand (mean 32.8%) and became coarser in May 2014. Fine sediments at the site NG-2 were poorly sorted and positively skewed, and occur in a tributary environment that is relatively low-energy compared with the other sites. The water content at the studied sites (15.3 ~ 34.9%) averaged 20.25%, and ignition loss (0.4 ~ 5.8%) and total nitrogen (274 ~ 2493 mg/kg) averaged 1.33% and, 696 mg/kg, respectively. These values indicated that the sediments were not seriously contaminated when compared with the sediment pollution evaluation standard of the National Institute of Environmental Research. The chemical oxygen demand (mean 0.17%) was at the non-polluted level compared with United States Environmental Protection Agency sediment quality standards. The total organic carbon (mean 0.18%) at all sites except site NG-2 (lowest effect level) was the no effect level of the Ontario sediment quality guidelines. The COD/IL (0.02 ~ 0.20) and C/N (0.73 ~ 6.76) were less than 1 and 10, respectively. Organic matter in the study area produced naturally from aquatic organisms. Results of principal component analysis showed that fine sediments (very fine sand and silt) were significantly affected by organic matters (ignition loss, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon and total nitrogen). In addition, the highest organic matters content in the study area occurred at the site with the finest sediments (NG-2).

2006년도 하계 아산만의 유기인계 농약의 분포 특성 (Distribution Characteristcs of Organophosphorous Pesticides in Asan Bay, Korea in Summer 2006)

  • 최진영;이성규;양동범;홍기훈;신경훈
    • 해양환경안전학회지
    • /
    • 제15권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-9
    • /
    • 2009
  • 2006년 5월부터 9월까지 아산만의 유기인계 농약의 분포특성에 대해 조사하였다, 조사기간 중 표층수와 부유입자 시료에서 28개의 유기인계 농약이 검출되었다. 조사해역의 표층수에서 가장 많이 존재하는 유기인계 농약은 IBP와 DDVP로 각각 N.D.${\sim}$014.4, 3.2${\sim}$696.3 ng/L의 농도로 측정되었다. 유기인계 농약은 아산만에서 7월과 8월에 가장 높은 농도분포를 보였으며, 이는 농약의 사용 및 강수와 관계가 있었다. 조사 해역에서 유기인계 농약은 상류에서 하류로 갈수록 농도가 뚜렷이 감소하여 육상기원 잔류농약이 연안의 해양환경내로 유입된 후 분해 희석됨을 보여주었다. 조사기간 중의 아산만 해역의 유기인계 농약의 분포는 다른 지역에서 조사된 것 보다 높은 농도를 보였다, 검출된 유기인계 농약의 농도는 우리나라 해역의 수질기준 중 유기인계 농약의 잔류 허용치를 넘지 않았다. 분석된 유기인계 농약 중 DDVP, IBP, Diazinon, Phorate, Azinphos ethyl, Chlorfenvinfos는 부유입자에 흡착하는 성질이 다른 농약보다 큰 것으로 나타났고 흡착계수 $(K_d)$는 Log $K_ow$와 밀접한 관계가 있었다.

  • PDF

DRUM impactor를 이용한 대기 입자상 물질 중 원소성분의 입경분포 특성 : 제주도 고산지역의 2002년 봄철 (3.29-5.30) 측정 연구 (Size Distributions of Trace Elements in Airborn Particulates Collected using Drum impactor at Gosan, Jeju Island : Measurements in Springtime 2002)

  • 한진석;문광주;류성윤;안준영;공부주;홍유덕;김영준
    • 한국대기환경학회지
    • /
    • 제20권4호
    • /
    • pp.555-569
    • /
    • 2004
  • Size -segregated measurements of aerosol composition using 8-stage DRUM impactor are used to determine the transport of natural and anthropogenic aerosols at Gosan site from 29 March to 30 May in 2002. Separation of ambient aerosols by DRUM impactor offers many Advantages over other standard filtration techniques. Some of the most important advantages are the ability to segregate into details by particle tire, to better preserve chemical integrity since the air stream doesn't pars through the deposit, to collect samples as a function of time, and to have a wide variety of impaction surfaces available to match analytical needs. Although the transport of Yellow sand is a well-known phenomenon in springtime, the result of measurement shows that not only soil dust but also anthropogenic aerosols, including sulfur, enriched trace metals such as Pb, Ni, Zn. Cu, Cr, As, Se, Br, are transported to Gosan in springtime. This study combines the size- and time-resolved aerosol composition measurements with isentropic, backward air-mass trajectories in order to identify some potential source regions of anthropogenic aerosols. As a result, during the NYS period, the average concentration of PM$_{10}$ was 46$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, Si, Al. S, Fe, Cl, K, Ca were higher than 1,000 ng/㎥ and Ti was about 100 ng/㎥. The concentrations of Zn, Mn, Cu. Pb, Br, Rb, V, Cr, Ni. At, Se ranged between 1 and 70 ng/㎥. More than 50% typical soil elements, tuck as Al, Si, Fe, Cd. Ti, Cr, Cu, Br. were distributed in a coarse particle range(5.0-12${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). In other hand, anthropogenic pollutants, luck as S, N, Vi, were mainly distributed in a fine particle range (0.09-0.56${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). During the YS period, PM$_{10}$ increased about 8 times than NYS period, and main soil elements, such as Al, Si, S, K, V, Mn, Fe also doubled in coarse particle range (1.15-12${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). But Zn, As, Pb, Cu and Se, which distributed in the time aerosols (0.09-0.56${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), were on the same level with or decreased than NYS period. Finally. except the YS Period, coarse particles (2.5-12${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) are inferred to be influenced by soil, coal combustion, waste incineration, ferrous and nonferrous sources through similar pathways with Yellow Sand. But fine particles have different sources, such as coal combustion, gasoline vehicle, biomass burning, oil or coal combustion, nonferrous and ferrous metal sources, which are transported from China, Korea peninsula and local sources.ces.

폐경 전, 폐경 후 여성의 혈청 25-hydroxyvitamin D 수준과대사증후군 위험도의 관계 (Relationship between Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and the Risks of Metabolic Syndrome in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women)

  • 김유진;문민선;양윤정;권오란
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
    • /
    • 제45권1호
    • /
    • pp.20-29
    • /
    • 2012
  • Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a global epidemic. In particular, it is known that there is a dramatic increase in the prevalence of MetS among women during the postmenopausal period. Recently, accumulating studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency may be inversely associated with the risk factors regarding MetS. However, evidence from postmenopausal women is limited. In this study, we examined the association between the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and the MetS in Korean adult women aged 20-69 years (n = 2,618) by using the 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. The geometric mean of plasma 25(OH)D were $17.16{\pm}6.28\;ng$/mL and $20.20{\pm}7.69\;ng$/mL for premenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively. The percentages of vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 12 ng/mL] were 22.5% and 14.4%, respectively. MetS was more prevalent in postmenopausal women (43.0%) compared with premenopausal women (11.2%). When serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were categorized in quintiles, there was no relationship in the prevalence of MetS in both premonopausal and postmenopausal women. However, in premenopausal women, compared with the lowest 25(OH)D quintile, the odds ratio for hypertriglyceridemia in the highest quintile was 0.57 (95% CI 0.34-0.95, $P_{trend}$ = 0.041) and for low serum HDL cholesterol 0.60 (95% CI 0.42-0.85, $P_{trend}$ = 0.014) after adjusting for all potential confounders. On the other hand, we observed the tendency of an inverse relationship for 25(OH)D regarding low serum HDL cholesterol (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.50-1.22, $P_{trend}$ = 0.029) and a direct relationship with abdominal obesity (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.01, 3.74, $P_{trend}$ = 0.049) in postmenopausal women. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in other research settings.

Isolation and Genetic Transformation of Primordial Germ Cell (PGC)-Derived Cells from Cattle, Goats, Rabbits and Rats

  • Lee, C.K.;Moore, K.;Scales, N.;Westhusin, M.;Newton, G.;Im, K.S.;Piedrahita, J.A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제13권5호
    • /
    • pp.587-594
    • /
    • 2000
  • At present embryonic stem (ES) cells with confirmed pluripotential properties are only available in the mouse. Recently, we were able to isolate, culture and genetically transform primordial germ cell (PGC)-derived cells from pig embryos and demonstrate their ability to contribute to chimera development in the pig. In order to determine whether the system we developed could be used to isolate embryonic germ (EG) cells from other mammalian species, we placed isolated PGCs from cattle, goats, rabbits and rats in culture. Briefly, PGCs were isolated from fetuses of cow (day 30-50), goat (day 25), rabbit (day 15-18) and rat (day 11-12), and plated on STO feeder cells in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM): Ham's F10 medium (1:1) supplemented with 0.01 mM nonessential amino acids, 2 mM L-glutamine, 0.1 mM $\beta$ - mercaptoethnol, soluble recombinant human stem cell factor (SCF; 40ng/ml), human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; 20ng/ml) and human leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF; 20ng/ml). For maintenance of the cells, colonies were passed to fresh feeders every 7-10 days. In all species tested, we were able to obtain and maintain colonies with ES-like morphology. Their developmental potential was tested by alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining and in vitro differentiation assay. For genetic transformation, cells were electroporated with a construct containing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. GFP-expressing colonies were detected in cattle, rabbits and rats. These results suggest that PGC-derived cells from cattle, goats, rabbits and rats can be isolated, cultured, and genetically transformed, and provide the basis for analyzing their developmental potential and their possible use for the precise genetic modification of these species.

Age-related Changes in Plasma Leptin from Early Growing to Late Finishing Stages of Castrated Holstein Steers: Utilizing Multi-species Leptin RIA

  • Vega, R.A.;Lee, H.G.;Kuwayama, H.;Matsunaga, N.;Hidari, H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제15권5호
    • /
    • pp.725-731
    • /
    • 2002
  • This experiment was performed to understand the changes in plasma leptin in association with plasma IGF-1, body weight and ADG from early growing to late finishing stages of Holstein steers. Blood collection was performed by arterial vein puncture at selected monthly ages of 1 (54 kg), 2.6 (103 kg), 7.2 (205 kg), 13.5 (314 kg), 16.9 (414 kg), 22.2 (550 kg), 24.9 (626 kg) and 27.4 months (695 kg). The blood was analyzed for leptin using the multi-species leptin RIA with recombinant bovine leptin (rbleptin) as standard, plasma IGF-1 was also measured using RIA. Against the standard rbleptin, the multi-species Leptin RIA system's sensitivity, cross reactivity, slope and recovery of 41.0 ng/ml rbleptin in plasma were 4.9 ng/ml, 11.22%, -1.396 and 97.8%, respectively. Plasma leptin measured were more than 5.0 ng/ml, which enable multi-species RIA system to investigate plasma leptin in normal growing steers. Body weight resulted to a highly significant second-degree polynomial relationship with plasma leptin (q=0.54, p<0.0001) and plasma IGF-1 (q=0.44, p<0.0001) from 1 to 27.4 monthly ages. However, the second-degree polynomial curve of plasma leptin and IGF-1 differs showing a concave and convex curvilinear relationship, respectively. ADG was not significantly associated to plasma leptin (r=0.06, p>0.05) and plasma IGF=1 (r=0.06, p>0.05) from 1 to 27.4 monthly ages. Low coefficient, but significant associated increase of plasma leptin and IGF-1 (r=0.12, p<0.008) from 1 to 27.4 months was observed. The uncoordinated increases of plasma IGF-1 at growing and plasma leptin at fattening period, may indicate (1) indirect involvement of endogenous IGF-1 on leptin secretion, and (2) IGF-1 level may signify lean and bone accretion while plasma leptin may mirror body fatness across the monthly ages of Holstein steers.

염산프로메타진 체내동태 연구를 위한 혈청 중 프로메타진의 HPLC 정량법 개발 및 검증 (Development and Validation of HPLC Method for Pharmacokinetic Study of Promethazine in Human)

  • 조혜영;강현아;이화정;최후균;이용복
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
    • /
    • 제36권1호
    • /
    • pp.23-29
    • /
    • 2006
  • A rapid, selective and sensitive reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of promethazine in human serum was developed, validated, and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of promethazine. Promethazine and internal standard, chlorpromazine, were extracted from human serum by liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane containing 0.8% isopropanol and analyzed on a Capcell Pak CN column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (42:58, v/v, adjusted to pH 6.0 with 1 M NaOH). Detection wavelength of 251 nm and flow rate of 0.9 mL/min were fixed for the study. The assay robustness for the changes of mobile phase pH, organic solvent content, and flow rate was confirmed by $3^{3}$ factorial design using a fixed promethazine concentration (10 ng/mL) with respect to its peak area and retention time. In addition, the ruggedness of this method was investigated at three different laboratories using same quality control (QC) samples. This method showed linear response over the concentration range of 1-40 ng/mL with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The lower limit of quantification using 1 mL of serum was 1 ng/mL, which was sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic studies. The overall accuracy of the quality control samples ranged from 96.15 to 105.40% for promethazine with overall precision (% C.V.) being 6.70-11.22%. The relative mean recovery of promethazine for human serum was 63.54%. Stability (freeze-thaw and short-term) studies showed that promethazine was stable during storage, or during the assay procedure in human serum. However, the storage at $-80^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks showed that promethazine was not stable. Extracted serum sample and stock solution were not allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 12 hr prior to injection. The peak area and retention time of promethazine were not significantly affected by the changes of mobile phase pH, organic solvent content, and flow rate under the conditions studied. This method showed good ruggedness (within 15% C.V.) and was successfully used for the analysis of promethazine in human serum samples for the pharmacokinetic studies of orally administered Himazin tablet (25 mg as promethazine hydrochloride) at three different laboratories, demonstrating the suitability of the method.

Studies on the Analysis of Benzo(a)pyrene and Its Metabolites on Biological Samples by Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Fluorescence Detection and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

  • Lee, Won;Shin, Hye-Seung;Hong, Jee-Eun;Pyo, Hee-Soo;Kim, Yun-Je
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • 제24권5호
    • /
    • pp.559-565
    • /
    • 2003
  • An analytical method the determination of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and its hydroxylated metabolites, 1-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (1-OHBaP), 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (3-OHBaP), benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-dihydrodiol (4,5-diolBaP) and benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol (7,8-diolBaP), in rat urine and plasma has been developed by HPLC/FLD and GC/MS. The derivatization with alkyl iodide was employed to improve the resolution and the detection of two mono hydroxylated metabolites, 1-OHBaP and 3-OHBaP, in LC and GC. BaP and its four metabolites in spiked urine were successfully separated by gradient elution on reverse phase ODS $C_{18}$ column (4.6 mm I.D., 100 mm length, particle size 5 ㎛) using a binary mixture of MeOH/H₂O (85/15, v/v) as mobile phase after ethylation at 90 ℃ for 10 min. The extraction recoveries of BaP and its metabolites in spiked samples with liquid-liquid extraction, which was better than solid phase extraction, were in the range of 90.3- 101.6% in n-hexane for urine and 95.7-106.3% in acetone for plasma, respectively. The calibration curves has shown good linearity with the correlation coefficients (R²) varying from 0.992 to 1.000 for urine and from 0.996 to 1.000 for plasma, respectively. The detection limits of all analytes were obtained in the range of 0.01-0.1 ng/mL for urine and 0.1-0.4 ng/mL for plasma, respectively. The metabolites of BaP were excreted as mono hydroxy and dihydrodiol forms after intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg of BaP to rats. The total amounts of BaP and four metabolites excreted in dosed rat urine were 3.79 ng over the 0-96 hr period from adminstration and the excretional recovery was less than 0.065% of the injection amounts of BaP. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of BaP and its hydroxylated metabolites in rat urine and plasma for the pharmacokinetic studies.