• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.133-142
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• 2013

Recently, smart devices for various services have been developed using converged telecommunications, and the markets for near field communication (NFC) mobile services is expected to grow rapidly. In particular, the realization of mobile NFC payment services is expected to go commercial, and it is widely attracting attention both on a domestic and global level. However, this realization would increase privacy infringement, as personal information is extensively used in the NFC technology. One example of such privacy infringement would be the case of the Google wallet service. In this paper, we propose an mutual authentication scheme based on NTRU for secure channel in OTA and an zero-knowledge proof scheme NTRU based on for protecting user information in NFC mobile payment systems without directly using private financial information of the user.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.625-636
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• 2005

This study was conducted to determine effects of different ratios (3.5, 3.0 and 2.5) of nonfibrous carbohydrate (NFC) to ruminally degradable protein (RDP) on in vitro fermentation and lactation performance of dairy cows and optimum ratio of NFC to RDP in dairy rations. In vitro trial was conducted up to 12 hr with ruminal fluidtaken from ruminally cannulated Holstein cows. The level of dietary NFC did not affect ruminal pH. The ammonia-N concentration was not significantly different among treatments until 6 hr incubation, however, it was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased as the ratio of dietary NFC to RDP increased on 9 and 12 hr incubation. For volatile fatty acids, concentrations of both acetate and propionate were significantly (P < 0.05) increased on 3 hr incubation as dietary NFC contents of treatments increased, in other incubation times, they had no significant differences among treatments. Valerate and A:P ratio were not affected by the ratio of NFC to RDP. Isoacids and total VFAs were significantly (P < 0.05) increased with increasing dietary NFC contents and their values were highest in the treatment of 3.0 ratio. Meanwhile, for in vivo trial, 18 Holstein lactating cows were allotted to treatments in three groups of 6 cows. They were employed for 24 weeks to investigate nutrient intakes, and milk yield and composition according to different ratios of dietary NFC to RDP. Intakes of dry matter and energy were significantly (P < 0.01) increased, but NDF intake was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased as the ratio of dietary NFC to RDP increased. Milk yield for the ratio of 3.5 (32.7 kg) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of other treatments. Milk fat (%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the treatments of 3.0 (3.79 %) and 2.5 (3.79 %) than that (3.48 %) for the ratio of 3.5, but milk fat yield was not different among treatments. Contents and yields for milk protein and solids-not fat were linearly (P < 0.01) increased as the ratio of dietary NFC to RDP increased. However, milk urea nitrogen concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with increasing dietary NFC levels. Our results showed that the increasing level of NFC in the diet of dairy cows enhanced ruminal fermentation, N utilization and milk production and suggested that maximal fermentation and lactation performance were achieved when the dietary ratio of NFC to RDP was more than 3.0 in dairy rations.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.96-101
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• 2015

This paper describes a design and implementation of the NFC bridge chip which performs interface between kinds of devices and mobile phones including NFC controller through NFC communication. The NFC bridge chip consists of the digital part and the analog part which are based on NFC Forum standard. Therefore the chip treats RF signals and then transforms the signal to digital data, so it can interface kinds of devices with the digital data. Especially the chip is able to detect RF signals and then wake up the host processor of a device. The wakeup function dramatically decreases the power consumption of the device. The carrier frequency is 13.56MHz, and the data rate is up to 424kbps. The chip has been fabricated with SMIC 180nm mixed-mode technology. Additionally an NFC bridge chip application to the blood glucose measurement system is described for an application example.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.570-572
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• 2015

NFC (Near Field Communication) is an area of the RFID technology is a kind of short-range wireless communication. NFC technology is to utilize the data transfer, the access control system is usefully employed in many fields, such as mobile payment. Recently smartphone application development using NFC is activated, recognition of the convenience of the current NFC tag is insignificant state. In this paper, it is the content of the Application that was created in order to provide the knowledge of convenience food to the customer to visit the mart. Users with Mart, using smartphones, at a NFC tag that is attached to the food display stand food information, purchasing tips, keeping method, data such efficacy is provided over the screen of the smartphone. If you purchased the food is placed in the refrigerator "moves to the food list of application to click the button, through the food list screen their food list in the refrigerator, and by providing information such as expiration date, the user There is help me to be able to buy the more convenient food.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.183-191
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• 2016

Most recent trend reveals broader state of provision of NFC service as NFC technology was applied on smartphones which has become core communication tools by providing integrated services such as payment, medical, and personal authentication. Moreover, with integration of original service and NFC technology, new service providers now can handle personal information of original service or can handle other personal information with transition of previous service provider to NFC service provider. Considering current state of security industry along with NFC technology and service, we would like to analyze current stage of security threats and plan the counter strategies to create NFC service structure.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2012

In this paper, we analyze the antenna performance variation by the ferrite absorbers which are widely used to optimize the antenna performance in near-field communications(NFC). Using various commercial absorbers, it was confirmed that the absorbers affect the electric performance of NFC antenna, and how to experimentally analyze the electrical influence of the absorbers in NFC antennas is proposed.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2016

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was prepared from cotton linter after electron beam irradiation to investigate its effects on the manufacturing efficiency of the NFC preparation and the property changes by the treatment. Mechanical device (Super Masscolloider) was used to prepare the NFC and its passing frequency for each NFC preparation was recorded. More electron beam irradiation resulted in less passing frequency. Alpha cellulose content, molecular weight, crystallinity index, and thermal decomposition behavior of each treatment were lowered by electron beam treatment (10 and 100 kGy) and grinding process. NFC films were prepared to investigate their mechanical properties. There were little changes in tensile properties of the NFC films.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.63-66
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• 2012

최근 스마트 기기는 결제, 할인쿠폰 등 각종 기능을 제공하는 수단으로 진화되면서 통신과 금융이 융합된 모바일 NFC 서비스의 시장이 급성장할 것으로 전망되고 있다. 특히 모바일 NFC 결제 서비스 시장의 활성화가 예상됨에 따라 모바일 NFC 결제 서비스는 국내 외적으로 널리 주목받고 있다. 하지만 이에 따른 NFC 기술 활용 증가로 개인정보 이용이 늘면서 침해요소 또한 증가하고 있다. 최근 한국인터넷진흥원에서 발표한 "NFC 개인정보보호 대책 최종보고서"에 따르면 개인정보 암호화를 부분적으로 미지원하거나 불필요한 개인정보의 과도한 수집 및 저장 등이 문제점으로 제기되었으며 Google사의 Google Wallet 서비스의 개인정보 유출 사고 또한 이러한 문제점을 뒷받침하는 근거가 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 NFC 모바일 결제 서비스 상에서 결제정보를 이용한 결제 기술의 위협을 분석하고 결제정보를 직접적으로 사용하지 않고 결제자를 증명할 수 있는 NTRU기반 영지식 증명 기법을 제안한다.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2012

In recent times, NFC technology adaptations for smartphones have been increasing. This study proposes the adaptation of agri-food business models based on NFC technology and presents the basic technological characteristics of NFC. An NFC tag can store more information than prior tagging technology methods, such as QR codes, and provides a better user experience. Based on the unique features of NFC, this study suggests an NFC business model application for the agri-food business.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.437-440
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• 2014

NFC 디바이스의 보급화로 기존의 결제서비스보다 편리한 NFC 결제 서비스의 활성화가 예상된다. 하지만 편리성이라는 장점에만 집중하여 이를 뒷받침해줄 보안서비스가 제공되지 않는다면 득보단 실이 많은 서비스가 될 것이다. 실제로 NFC 서비스의 경우 릴레이 공격에 취약한 모습을 보이는데 릴레이 공격은 원리와 구현이 간단하여 향후 NFC 서비스가 상용화될 경우 악용될 염려가 많다. 본 논문에서는 NFC 서비스의 가장 큰 보안위협인 릴레이공격에 대한 방어기법으로 NFC 디바이스의 MAC 주소를 이용한 다중 요소 인증방법을 제안한다.