• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.963-978
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• 2020

Earthquakes can induce a large number of landslides and cause very serious property damage and human casualties. There are two issues in study on earthquake-induced landslides: (1) slope stability analysis under seismic loading and (2) debris flow run-out analysis. This study aims to review technical studies related to the development and application of earthquake-induced landslide models (seismic slope stability analysis). Moreover, a pilot application of a physics-based slope stability model to Mt. Umyeon, in Seoul, with several earthquake scenarios was conducted to test regional scale seismic landslide mapping. The earthquake-induced landslide simulation model can be categorized into 1) Pseudo-static model, 2) Newmark's dynamic displacement model and 3) stress-strain model. The Pseudo-static model is preferred for producing seismic landslide hazard maps because it is impossible to verify the dynamic model-based simulation results due to lack of earthquake-induced landslide inventory in Korea. Earthquake scenario-based simulation results show that given dry conditions, unstable slopes begin to occur in parts of upper areas due to the 50-year earthquake magnitude; most of the study area becomes unstable when the earthquake frequency is 200 years. On the other hand, when the soil is in a wet state due to heavy rainfall, many areas are unstable even if no earthquake occurs, and when rainfall and 50-year earthquakes occur simultaneously, most areas appear unstable, as in simulation results based on 100-year earthquakes in dry condition.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

This research studies the dynamic analysis of a concrete column reinforced with titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) nanoparticles under earthquake load. The effect of nanoparticles accumulation in a region of concrete column is examined using Mori-Tanaka model. The structure is simulated mathematically based on the theory of sinusoidal shear deformation theory (SSDT). By calculating strain-displacement and stress-strain relations, the system energies include potential energy, kinetic energy, and external works are derived. Then, using the Hamilton's principle, the governing equations for the structure are extracted. Using these equations, the response of the concrete column under earthquake load is investigated using the numerical methods of differential quadrature (DQ) and Newark. The purpose of this study is to study the effects of percentage of nanoparticles, nanoparticles agglomeration, geometric parameters and boundary conditions on the dynamic response of the structure. The results indicate that by increasing the volume percent of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles, the maximum dynamic deflection of the structure decreases.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.589-598
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• 2017

In this paper, dynamic response of the horizontal concrete beam subjected to seismic ground excitation is investigated. The structure is reinforced by $Fe_2O_3$ nanoparticles which have the magnetic properties. The hyperbolic shear deformation beam theory (HSDBT) is used for mathematical modeling of the structure. Based on the Mori-Tanaka model, the effective material properties of concrete beam is calculated considering the agglomeration of $Fe_2O_3$ nanoparticles. Applying energy method and Hamilton's principle, the motion equations are derived. Harmonic differential quadrature method (HDQM) along with Newmark method is utilized for numerical solution of the motion equations. The effects of different parameters such as volume fraction and agglomeration of $Fe_2O_3$ nanoparticles, magnetic field, boundary conditions and geometrical parameters of concrete beam are studied on the dynamic response of the structure. In order to validation of this work, an exact solution is used for comparing the numerical and analytical results. The results indicated that applying magnetic field decreases the of the structure up to 54 percent. In addition, increase too much the magnetic field (Hx>5e8 A/m) does not considerable effect on the reduction of the maximum dynamic displacement.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2013

This paper considers the steering characteristics of a four-row tracked vehicle crawling on extremely cohesive soft soil, where each side is composed of two parallel tracks. The four-row tracked vehicle (FRTV) is assumed to be a rigid body with 6-DOF. A dynamic analysis program for the tracked vehicle is developed using the Newmark-${\beta}$ method based on an incremental-iterative scheme. A terra-mechanics model of an extremely cohesive soft soil is implemented in the form of the relationships of the normal pressure to the sinkage, the shear resistance to the shear displacement, and the dynamic sinkage to the shear displacement. In order to investigate the steering characteristics of the four-row tracked vehicle, a series of dynamic simulations is conducted with respect to the distance between the left and right tracks (pitch), steering ratios, driving velocity, reference track velocity, lengths of the tracks, and properties of the cohesive soft soil. Through these numerical simulations, the possibility of using a kinematic steering ratio is explored.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2019

Concrete pipelines are the most efficient and safe means for gas and oil transportation over a long distance. The use of nano materials and nono-engineering can be considered for enhancing concrete pipelines properties. the tests show that SiO2 nanoparticles can improve the mechanical behavior of concrete. Moreover, severe hazard for pipelines is seismic ground motion. Over the years, scientists have attempted to understand pipe behavior against earthquake most frequently via numerical modeling and simulation. Therefore, in this paper, the dynamic response of underwater nanocomposite submerged pipeline conveying fluid is studied. The structure is subjected to the dynamic loads caused by earthquake and the governing equations of the system are derived using mathematical model via Classic shell theory and Hamilton's principle. Navier-Stokes equation is employed to calculate the force due to the fluid in the pipe. As well, the effect of external fluid is modeled with an external force. Mori-Tanaka approach is used to estimate the equivalent material properties of the nanocomposite. 1978 Tabas earthquake in Iran is considered for modelling seismic load. The dynamic displacement of the structure is extracted using differential quadrature method (DQM) and Newmark method. The effects of different parameters such as SiO2 nanoparticles volume percent, boundary conditions, thickness to radius ratios, length to radius ratios, internal and external fluid pressure and earthquake intensity are discussed on the seismic response of the structure. From results obtained in this paper, it can be found that the dynamic response of the pipe is increased in the presence of internal and external fluid. Furthermore, the use of SiO2 nanoparticles in concrete pipeline reduces the displacement of the structure during an earthquake.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.645-669
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• 2004

In seismic analysis of moment-resisting frames, beam-column connections are often modeled with rigid joint zones. However, it has been demonstrated that, in ductile reinforced concrete (RC) moment-resisting frames designed based on current codes (to say nothing of older non-ductile frames), the joint zones are in fact not rigid, but rather undergo significant shear deformations that contribute greatly to global drift. Therefore, the "rigid joint" assumption may result in misinterpretation of the global performance characteristics of frames and could consequently lead to miscalculation of strength and ductility demands on constituent frame members. The primary objective of this paper is to propose a rational method for estimating the hysteretic joint shear behavior of RC connections and for incorporating this behavior into frame analysis. The authors tested four RC edge beam-column-slab connection subassemblies subjected to earthquake-type lateral loading; hysteretic joint shear behavior is investigated based on these tests and other laboratory tests reported in the literature. An analytical scheme employing the modified compression field theory (MCFT) is developed to approximate joint shear stress vs. joint shear strain response. A connection model capable of explicitly considering hysteretic joint shear behavior is then formulated for nonlinear structural analysis. In the model, a joint is represented by rigid elements located along the joint edges and nonlinear rotational springs embedded in one of the four hinges linking adjacent rigid elements. The connection model is able to well represent the experimental hysteretic joint shear behavior and overall load-displacement response of connection subassemblies.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 KBC2022의 풍직각방향 변동풍하중 스펙트럼을 이용하여 풍직각방향 풍하중을 생성하고 생성된 풍직각방향 풍하중이 작용하는 구조물의 비탄성 동적거동을 해석하는 프로그램을 개발하고자 한다. 풍응답은 일차 모드가 탁월하고 소성화에 의한 진동의 변화는 작고, 풍방향 진동과 풍직각방향 진동은 독립적이며, 비틀림 진동의 영향은 작다고 가정한다. 적용 구조물을 수평방향의 단자유도 모델로 가정하고, 구조물의 질량을 집중질량으로 치환하여 상부에 작용시킨다. 비탄성 해석을 위한 이력모델은 이선형 모델을 적용한다. 강성비(𝛼)와 항복점비(𝛽)를 변수로 비탄성 동적응답을 분석한 결과 강성비가 일정한 경우에 항복점비가 증가할수록 최대변위비는 감소하다가 최소값을 나타내고 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 강성비가 0.5이상인 경우 최대변위비가 1이하가 되는 항복점비가 존재하며, 이는 비탄성 내풍설계시 비탄성 거동을 허용하더라도 탄성설계된 건물보다 최대 변형이 감소함을 나타낸다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.369-385
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• 2002

Ductility capacity is comprehensively studied for steel moment-resisting frames. Local, story and global ductility are being considered. An appropriate measure of global ductility is suggested. A time domain nonlinear seismic response algorithm is used to evaluate several definitions of ductility. It is observed that for one-story structures, resembling a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system, all definitions of global ductility seem to give reasonable values. However, for complex structures it may give unreasonable values. It indicates that using SDOF systems to estimate the ductility capacity may be a very crude approximation. For multi degree of freedom (MDOF) systems some definitions may not be appropriate, even though they are used in the profession. Results also indicate that the structural global ductility of 4, commonly used for moment-resisting steel frames, cannot be justified based on this study. The ductility of MDOF structural systems and the corresponding equivalent SDOF systems is studied. The global ductility values are very different for the two representations. The ductility reduction factor $F_{\mu}$ is also estimated. For a given frame, the values of the $F_{\mu}$ parameter significantly vary from one earthquake to another, even though the maximum deformation in terms of the interstory displacement is roughly the same for all earthquakes. This is because the $F_{\mu}$ values depend on the amount of dissipated energy, which in turn depends on the plastic mechanism, formed in the frames as well as on the loading, unloading and reloading process at plastic hinges. Based on the results of this study, the Newmark and Hall procedure to relate the ductility reduction factor and the ductility parameter cannot be justified. The reason for this is that SDOF systems were used to model real frames in these studies. Higher mode effects were neglected and energy dissipation was not explicitly considered. In addition, it is not possible to observe the formation of a collapse mechanism in the equivalent SDOF systems. Therefore, the ductility parameter and the force reduction factor should be estimated by using the MDOF representation.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2024

본 논문에서는 상용 프로그램 MIDAS GEN을 활용하여 플랜트 시설물의 특성을 반영한 골조와 단일 부재의 비선형 동적 해석을 수행하였으며 이에 따른 결과를 분석하였다. 플랜트에 배치되는 일반적인 구조 부재의 크기와 재료적 특성을 고려하였으며, 수치해석 방법 중 뉴마크 평균 가속도법, 재료 비선형을 고려하기 위한 소성 힌지를 적용하였다. 플랜트 폭발의 대표적 유형인 증기운 폭발의 폭발하중을 산정하였으며, 이를 골조 및 단일 부재에 적용하여 비선형 동적 해석을 수행하였다. 동적 거동의 결과는 고유주기와 하중지속시간의 비율, 최대변위, 연성도, 회전각으로 정리하였으며 골조를 단일 부재로 해석할 수 있는 조건과 범위를 분석 및 확인하였다. 보-기둥 강성비가 0.5, 연성도가 2.0 이상인 NSFF는 FFC로 단순화할 수 있으며, 보-기둥 강성비가 0.5, 연성도가 1.5 이상인 NSPF는 FPC로 단순화하여 해석할 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 플랜트 시설물의 내폭설계 가이드라인으로 활용될 수 있다.