• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.691-701
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• 2009

Purpose: Deviations of arterial palmar arches in the hand can be explained on the embryological basis. The purpose of this study was to provide new information about palmar arches through cadaver's dissection. The values of the location and diameter in these vessels were analyzed in order to support anatomical research and clinical correlation in the hand. Methods: The present report is based on an analysis of dissections of fifty - three hands carried out in the laboratory of gross anatomy. A reference line was established on the distal wrist crease to serve as the X coordinate and a perpendicular line drawn through the midpoint between middle and ring fingers, which served as the Y coordinate. The coordinates of the x and y values were measured by a digimatic caliper, and statistically analyzed with Student's t - test. Results: Complete superficial palmar archs were seen in 96.2 % of specimens. In the most common type of males, the superficial arch was formed only by the ulnar artery. In the most common type of females, the superficial arch was formed anastomosis between the radial artery and the ulnar artery. The average length of the superficial and deep palmar arch is $110.3{\pm}33.0mm$ and $67.9{\pm}14.0mm$ respectively. Regarding the superficial palmar arch, ulnar artery starts $-16.1{\pm}5.1mm$ on X - line, and $2.5{\pm}24.5mm$ on Y - line. Radial artery appears on palmar side $7.7{\pm}3.2mm$ on X - line, and $20.9{\pm}10.9mm$ on Y - line. But radial artery starts on $6.3{\pm}3.6mm$ on X - line, and $3.4{\pm}5.1mm$ on Y - line. Digital arteries of superficial palmar arch starts on $6.1{\pm}3.7mm$, $33.9{\pm}8.8mm$ on index finger, $1.8{\pm}3.4mm$, $40.1{\pm}7.3mm$ on middle finger, $-3.2{\pm}4.9mm$, $42.6{\pm}7.0mm$ on ring finger, and $-8.9{\pm}5.1mm$, $42.5{\pm}80mm$ on little finger in respective X and Y coordinates. Radial artery of deep palmar arches measured at the palmar side perforating from the dorsum of hand. It's coordinates were $9.7{\pm}4.8mm$ on X - line, $21.7{\pm}10.2mm$ on Y - line. Ulnar artery was measured at hypothenar area, and it's coordinates were $-20.4{\pm}6.3mm$ on X - line, and $30.6{\pm}7.4mm$ on Y - line. Conclusions: Anatomically superficial palmar arch can be divided into a complete and an incomplete type. Each of them can be subdivided into 4 types. The deep palmar arch is less variable than the superficial palmar arch. We believe these values of the study will be used for the vascular surgery of the hand using the endoscope and robot in the future.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2004

새로운 1-(5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazolin-5-yl)methoxy-2-chloro-4-fluorobenzene 유도체들의 phenyl 고리에 R-치환기와 치환기가 도입된 A=3,4,5,6-tetrahyophthalimino, B=3-chloro-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazolyl 및 C=3,4-dimethylmaleimino 치환체들에 의한 벼(Orysa sativa L.)와 논피 (Echinochloa crus-galli) 뿌리와 줄기 부위의 살초활성에 관한 3차원 구조-활성관계(3D-QSAR)를 Gasteiger-Huckel 전하를 사용하여 비교 분자장 분석(CoMFA) 방법으로 연구하였다. 두 초종의 뿌리와 줄기의 살초 활성에 대한 4개의 CoMFA 모델들은 46개 화합물로 구성된 training set로부터 유도되었으며 각 모델들은 8개 화합물의 각 test set에 의하여 예측성이 평가되었다. Standard field, indicator field 및 H-bond field를 조합한 조건(SIH)에서 유도된 모델들의 통계결과는 cross-validated $r^2_{cv.}$값$(q^2=0.635\sim0.924)$과 non cross-validated, $r^2_{ncv}$ $(0.928\sim0.977)$값 그리고 PRESS 값$(0.091\sim0.156)$에 근거하여 매우 양호한 예측성을 나타내었다. 그리고 살초 활성은 분자의 입체장$(74.3\sim87.4%)$, 정전기장$(10.10\sim18.5%)$ 및 소수성장$(1.10\sim8.30%)$과 높은 상관성을 보였으며 입체장이 살초 활성에 가장 중요한 요소이었다. 이같은 CoMFA 분석 결과로부터, 이종 간 선택적이며 고 활성의 protox 저해제들이 X-치환기의 수식에 의하여 설계될 수 있을 것임을 알았다.