• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1599-1604
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• 2003

New methods were developed to prepare silver-doped sol-gel films for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications. First, silver ions were doped into a sol-gel matrix. The doped silver ions were reduced into corresponding silver metal particles by two reductive procedures; chemical reduction and thermal reduction. The SERS spectra of benzoic acid were used to demonstrate the SERS effect of the new substrates. The adsorption strength of benzoic acid adsorbed on differently reduced substrates was discussed. The possible adsorption form and the orientation of adsorbate were also discussed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1421-1427
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• 1999

4-Hydroxy-4'-methoxyazobenzene and 4-hydroxy-4'-cyanoazobenzene were synthesized from phenol with p-anisidine and p-aminobenzonitrile through a diazotization reaction, respectively. They were reacted with 2-chloroethanol, 2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethanol, or 2-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol to produce six kinds of new mesogenic alcohols having an azobenzene group that is sensitive to the ultraviolet. Twelve kinds of new photoresponsive monomers with two symmetrical mesogens were prepared by the reaction of the mesogenic alcohols with fumaric acid or maleic acid through a Mitsunobu reaction. The resulting monomers have different length of flexible ethyleneoxy spacer tethered to azobenzene group. The length of the spacer affected their thermal stability, solubility, and phase transition temperature. Structures of the monomers were identified by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR spectra. Their phase transition temperatures and thermal stability were also investigated by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). From an optical polarizing microscopy, all the prepared monomers except fumarate-1 and maleate-1 were found to show enantiotropic liquid crystallinity with a smectic texture like focal-conic, fan-shaped, and batonnet textures.

• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.701-716
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• 2021

In this present article, we construct a new framework that's we call the weighted geometric realization of 2 and 3-simplexes. On this new weighted framework, we construct a nonself-adjoint 2-simplex Laplacian L and a self-adjoint 2-simplex Laplacian N. We propose general conditions to ensure sectoriality for our new nonself-adjoint 2-simplex Laplacian L. We show the relation between the essential spectra of L and N. Finally, we prove the absence of the essential spectrum for our 2-simplex Laplacians L and N.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1243-1243
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• 2001

During two consecutive years, it was developed global calibrations for the prediction of fatty acids on Iberian pig fat. These equations should analyse well samples of that animal fat because of their high accuracy (SECV/sub C16:0/ = 0.26%; SECV/sub C18:0/ = 0.28%; SECV/sub C18:1/ = 0.26%; SECV/sub C18:2/ = 0.15%) and their broad covering composition range. In some cases, when new samples are predicted H (Mahalanobis distance) values higher than 3 (recommended value for agricultural products by the ISI software) are obtained. However, there are not any obvious factors which tells that samples scanned are very different to the spectral mean of the calibration population. Furthermore, these samples are well predicted according to the SEP values. The objective of the present work is to deepen the understanding of the H statistic when analysing animal fats. Three different validation files were predicted with equations obtained from January '97 to April '98. The Set A has spectra of 20 samples not included on the calibration file and scanned in May of 1998. The Set B has spectra of 20 samples included on the calibration file and scanned again in November '99. The Set C contains 150 spectra of one sample representative of the mean values (for fatty acids composition) of the calibration file. This sample was analysed three times per week during June '99 to July '00. The H mean values for the Set A, Set B and Set C were respectively 1.35, 14.39 and 11.71. These anomalous values for the Set B and C make not sense because Set B contains replicate subsamples of the same samples scanned during calibration development and Set C only contains spectra of one sample which represent the mean spectrum of the calibration files. Results will be shown to demonstrate that small day to day variations are responsible of the high H values. When a PCA and LIB file are created with calibration samples and spectra of the Set C modelling day to day variations, the H values for Set A, Set B and Set C were respectively 1.83, 2.16 and 0.93.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.9
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• pp.1-7
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• 1968

The action Spectra for violaxanthin de-epoxidation and zeaxanthin expoxidation in New Zealand spinach leaf segments Tetragonia expansa, were determined at equal incident quanta of $2.0{\times}10^{15}$ quanta $cm^{-2}$ $second^{-1}$. The action spectrum for de-epoxidation had major peaks at approximately 180 and 648 nm. Blue light was slightly more effective than red light and little activity was observed beyond 700 nm. The action spectrum for epoxidation showed major peaks at around 441 and 670 nm. Blue light was more effective than red light and light beyond 700 nm showed definite activity. The net result of de-epoxidation and epoxidation is a cyclic scheme, the violaxanthin cycle, which consumes $O_2$ and photoproducts. The action spectra indicate that the violaxanthin cycle is more active m clue than in red light and therefore could accout for $O_2$ uptake stimulated by blue light. The differences between the action spectra for de-epoxidation suggest that possibly two photosynthetic systems are involved. It was suggested that the violaxanthin cycle may functional a pathway for the consumption of excess photoproducts generated in blue light or the conversion of these photoproducts to other forms of energy.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.96-113
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• 2020

A new form of media is changing the expression and content of fashion. In this paper, fashion films that have appeared since 2010 - when digital fashion communication was increasing - will be discussed and explored to consider how technological transitions in fashion media are changing the appearance and role of fashion. A literature review was conducted to derive characteristics, types, and expressive elements of new media fashion films, which were defined for this study as fashion films produced and distributed since 2010 using digital media. Films were categorized into three types: promotional, editorial, and independent fashion films. Furthermore, elements of the films were identified as fashion mise-en-scene, auditory structure, and content structure. Types and expressions of digital fashion images in 40 fashion films were analyzed according to these elements. The results showed that promotional fashion films maximize various narrative and sensory effects on fashion products, whilst editorial fashion films strengthen the role of entertainment. Independent fashion films expand the area of fashion and promote the diversification of fashion systems. Moreover, the results show that fashion films are not a secondary form of media that just expresses fashion; they provide a tool for the creation of new fashion content. New media fashion films promote the expansion of expressive spectra and boundaries, offering various multisensory experiences of fashion, and enhancing creativity and the aesthetic values of fashion.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.253-256
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• 2001

Characteristics of fruit vibrations are related to the material properties of the fruit. A new method for spectral analysis is developed and used for the non-destructive estimation of fruit firmness. The resonant frequency of the fruit is related to its firmness. However, the determination of the resonant frequency is not easy So the smoothing method is applied to the frequency spectra to obtain a robust estimate for the resonant frequency.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 1997

High pressure FTIR and Raman spectra of soild $C_{70}$ were measured at pressure up to 11 GPa and room temperature. The slope (dv/dp) of the frequency-pressure plots for several IR and Raman mode changed around 1.5 GPa, where a solid-solid transition might occur. In IR study, we can observe new mode appeared around 777$cm^{-1}$1 above 5.5 GPa which might indicate another solid-solid transition. Our study showed that this transition might be irreversible.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

We present a fast reduction method of survey data obtained using a single-dish radio telescope. Along with a brief review of classical method, a new method of identification and elimination of negative and positive bad channels are introduced using cloud identification code and several IRAF (Image Reduction and Analysis Facility) tasks relating statistics. Removing of several ripple patterns using Fourier Transform is also discussed. It is found that BACKGROUND task within IRAF is very efficient for fitting and subtraction of base-line with varying functions. Cloud identification method along with the possibility of its application for analysis of cloud structure is described, and future data reduction method is discussed.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.615-617
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• 2005

[ $^{13}C$ ] NMR spectra were obtained for pure $CH_4$ hydrate in order to identify hydrate structure and cage occupancy of guest molecule. The NMR technique can provide both qualitative and quantitative hydrate characteristics. The moles of methane captured into pure $CH_4$ hydrate per mole of water were found to be similar to the full occupancy value. The overall results drawn from this study can be usefully applied to storage and transportation of natural gas.