• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.19-32
• /
• 2015

In Korea, significant riparian areas have been developed due to river maintenance projects. Introduction of new riparian facilities can negatively affect wildlife in the riparian areas. This study focuses on selecting core conservation areas for Eurasian Otter(Lutra lutra) to support decision making process for development of riparian areas. For the study, first of all, field data of study site were collected by field surveys. Secondly, stream naturalness was assessed to understand physical environments of the study sites. Thirdly, habitat suitability was assessed using occurrence data of Eurasian Otter and environmental data. Lastly, core areas for conservation was selected by comparing and synthesizing stream naturalness map and habitat suitability map. The selected core areas showed several characteristics. The number of artificial facilities is low in the core areas. Rocks which are preferred by Eurasian Otter to eat and excrete are plentiful in the core areas. Also, the ratio of adjacent farmland is high. Based on the analyses, it is expected that this study can contribute to decision making process for environmental spatial plans to better conserve habitats of Eurasian Otter.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.10-17
• /
• 2013

History of Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) Following the large reservoir and water development era of the mid-twentieth century in North America, resource agencies became concerned over the loss of many miles of riverine fish and wildlife resources in the arid western United States. Consequently, several western states began issuing rules for protecting existing stream resources from future depletions caused by accelerated water development. Many assessment methods appeared during the 1960's and early 1970's. These techniques were based on hydrologic analysis of the water supply and hydraulic considerations of critical stream channel segments, coupled with empirical observations of habitat quality and an understanding of riverine fish ecology. Following enactment of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1970, attention was shifted from minimum flows to the evaluation of alternative designs and operations of federally funded water projects. Methods capable of quantifying the effect of incremental changes in stream flow to evaluate a series of possible alternative development schemes were needed. This need led to the development of habitat versus discharge functions developed from life stage-specific relations for selected species, that is, fish passage, spawning, and rearing habitat versus flow for trout or salmon. During the late 1970's and early 1980's, an era of small hydropower development began. Hundreds of proposed hydropower sites in the Pacific Northwest and New England regions of the United States came under intensive examination by state and federal fishery management interests. During this transition period from evaluating large federal reservoirs to evaluating license applications for small hydropower, the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) was developed under the guidance of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS).

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.38-50
• /
• 2010

Expressways are often upgraded by widening the lanes and/or by reshaping the roads to be more linear for faster travel time. However, during the process of improving the route of the expressways, the areas where the old expressways used to be are often unused and abandoned. When these neglected sites are left alone, they often become dump sites causing pollution and impacting the surrounding environment. Therefore, it is important to restore the abandoned expressway sites to its full natural beauty. In this study, the abandoned expressway at the Soksa interchange in Pyungchang county, located in Kangwon province was studied for establishing the model of ecological restoration project. Considering the characteristics of the site, the target flora species was chosen to be Quercus species and the target fauna species as amphibians. After the target species were carefully chosen, each species' habitat requirements were studied in order to figure out the appropriate methods toward habitat restoration specifically for these species. In addition, to determine the most efficient method toward restoration of abandoned expressways, the study utilized the planting hole techniques, the crack techniques, and the colonization techniques. In terms of the spatial organization, public education program is incorporated at the main entrance area and the programs for experimenting, and developing vegetation and habitat restoration techniques are placed in the vicinity. In the master plan-to provide natural ecosystem at the site-ASCON (asphalt concrete) was removed first, then plans for restoration including species' habitat restoration were established. Furthermore, the project included plans for improving water quality polluted through non-point source considering the surrounding nearby road and farm lands. Finally, the study established a planning process that will experimentally apply to the abandoned expressway restoration method. In the future, there will be a continuous monitoring of the methods applied to verify if the restoration methods are effective. Also, new restoration techniques should be available according to a variety of abandoned expressways' characteristics.

• 식물분류학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.8-11
• /
• 2015

사초과의 하늘지기속 신종인 물하늘지기(Fimbristylis drizae J. Kim & M. Kim)를 전라북도 정읍시 수청저수지에서 발견하여 기재하였다. 물하늘지기는 줄기는 5각형이고 1-2개의 기부 경생엽이 엽신이 없는 엽초만 있으며 화서는 소수화서를 가진 점에서 검정하늘지기(F. diphylloides Makino)와 유사하다. 그러나 물하늘지기는 주두가 2개이고, 소수가 타원형이며, 수술이 1개(드물게 2개)이고, 인편이 황갈색이며 저수지 가장자리에서 자라는 특징을 가지고 있다. 반면에 검정하늘지기는 주두가 2개 또는 3개이고, 소수가 난형이며, 수술이 2개이고, 인편이 흑갈색이며 임도변의 습한 곳에서 자라는 점에서 구별된다.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.38-46
• /
• 2022

This study is based on crane fly specimens collected during more than 80 years, starting from 1938 through 2019, in the Republic of Korea and Democratic People's Republic of Korea and are in collections maintained at the United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA; the Snow Entomological Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; and the National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea. Pilaria crane flies are aquatic and semiaquatic, developing in fast running and stagnant water bodies and in wet muddy places at the margins of water pools. Such habitats usually prevail at lower altitudes, but these areas most often are used for agriculture and human settlement, making natural habitats scarce and fragmented. Pilaria crane flies are rare, thus it is not surprising that genus was left unnoticed by previous researchers. The genus Pilaria Sintenis, 1889 with two species P. melanota Alexander, 1922 and P. simulans Savchenko, 1983, is a new record for the Korean Peninsula. We present general information on the genus, redescriptions of species based on Korean specimens, illustrations of both sexes, elevation range, period of activity, habitat information, general distribution, and a distribution map for the Korean Peninsula for each species.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2013

Effect of electric pulse stimulation was tested on the fruit body formation of valuable mushroom Tricholoma matsutake in the field of natural habitat of this mushroom. After applying the electric stimulator to the specific area of pine forest we found that the treatment especially stimulated the fructification of T. matsutake. And the most valuable findings of our study was that only our treatment plots showed fruit body formation whereas the control plots and the whole natural habitats of our study area showed zero production of this mushroom during the same time. From the point of view of mushroom production, our experiment shows that fruit body production can be upgraded by using pulsed power as an electrical stimulation in the field of the natural habitat of this mushroom. These findings from our experiment confirm the effectiveness of the significance of pulsed power technology for the improvement of T. matsutake fruit body production in the natural habit of this mushroom.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.166-169
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the natural habitat of Bulbophyllum inconspicuum Maxim. in Hongdo, Jeonnam Province, South Korea. A field investi gation was conducted between May 2019 and May 2021. The growth of B. inconspicuum species was confirmed in three known regions based on National Survey on the Distribution of Endangered Species. Additionally, in the area investigated, 37 new regions harboring B. inconspicuum were detected. The newly observed B. inconspicuum grew naturally on Quercus mongolica, Rhaphiolepis indica var. umbellata, Carpinus turczaninowii, and rocks. Most of them were found on southeast and southwest slopes with altitude above 250 m. As few as 10 up to hundreds of B. inconspicuum were found in clusters. Close to their habitat, Calanthe sieboldii Decne. ex Regel, C. aristulifera Rchb. f. and C. × kibanakirishima Maek. were also found. As Hongdo is an island, multiple endangered species were found together. Thus, once the habitat of a certain plant is discovered, it is very likely that illegal collection of several other species will also occur. Proactive internal and external measures are needed to preserve these species.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.98-109
• /
• 2011

나비서식지 복원구상은 종 보전을 위한 중요한 요인의 하나로, 나비의 생태, 서식지 경관, 작업방법, 비용분석 등에 대한 검토를 필요로 한다. 본 연구는 멸종위기종 붉은점모시나비의 서식지 복원을 위하여 요구되는 인자들을 지난 3년간 수행된 연구결과의 검토 및 나비의 성충과 유충의 존재 또는 부재를 조사하는 방법을 통하여 서식지 면적 추정 등의 방식으로 서식지 요건을 분석하였다. 그 결과 국내에서 발견된 붉은점모시나비의 서식지는 유충과 성충이 관찰되는 패치를 기준으로 최소 $300m^2$이상의 크기로 다수의 패치가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 붉은점모시나비 서식지 디자인에서는 기존의 서식지 환경과 유사한 곳에 5개 이상의 패치에 먹이식물과 흡밀식물이 계획되어야 한다. 그리고 나비의 이주를 활발하게 하기 위하여 이주에 방해되는 수목의 제거, 패치간 거리의 최소화, 그리고 징검다리 패치의 추가가 필요하다. 패치연결성 분석결과, 패치간의 거리가 약 600m 이상 떨어질 경우 성공적인 이주가 어려우므로, 각 패치간의 거리는 300m이내에 분포하도록 하는 것이 적절하며, 서식지 크기는 단일 패치에서는 $10,000m^2$이상, 다수의 패치 네트워크에서는 5개 이상의 패치가 인접하고, 각각의 패치는 $1,600m^2$이상으로 전체 패치면적은 $8,000m^2$이상이 필요할 것으로 추정된다. 또한, 단일 서식지보다는 다수의 패치가 인접하여 네트워크를 형성하는 것이 서식지 순환 발생패턴에서 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 나비의 서식지 복원에 관한 적정한 서식지 요건을 제시하고자 하였으며, 앞으로 진행될 생물종의 복원에 있어서 모델이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2021

Background: Asarum sieboldii Miq., a species of forest understory vegetation, is an herbaceous perennial belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae. The metapopulation of A. sieboldii is distributed sparsely and has a short seed dispersal distance by ants as their seed distributor. It is known that many flowers of A. sieboldii depend on self-fertilization. Because these characteristics can affect negatively in genetic structure, investigating habitat structure and assessment of genetic structure is needed. A total of 27 individuals in a valley were sampled for measuring genetic diversity, genetic distance, and genetic differentiation by RAPDPCR. Results: The habitat areas of A. sieboldii metapopulation were relatively small (3.78~33.60 m²) and population density was very low (five to seven individuals in 20×20 m quadrat). The habitat of A. sieboldii was a very shady (relative light intensity = 0.9%) and mature forest with a high evenness value (J = 0.81~0.99) and a low dominance value (D = 0.19~0.28). The total genetic diversity of A. sieboldii was quite high (h = 0.338, I = 0.506). A total of 33 band loci were observed in five selected primers, and 31 band loci (94%) were polymorphic. However, genetic differentiation along the valley was highly progressed (G_st = 0.548, N_m = 0.412). The average genetic distance between subpopulations was 0.387. The results of AMOVA showed 52.77% of variance occurs among populations, which is evidence of population structuring. Conclusions: It is expected that a small-scale founder effect had occurred, an individual spread far from the original subpopulation formed a new subpopulation. However, geographical distance between individuals would have been far and genetic flow occurred only within each subpopulation because of the low density of population. This made significant genetic distance between the original and new population by distance. Although genetic diversity of A. sieboldii metapopulation is not as low as concerned, the subpopulation of A. sieboldii can disappear by stochastic events due to small subpopulation size and low density of population. To prevent genetic isolation and to enhance the stable population size, conservative efforts such as increasing the size of each subpopulation or the connection between subpopulations are needed.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.26-38
• /
• 2006

For both a healthy environment and sustainable development, we frame a habitat assessment method, concerning biodiversity and physical characteristics. With the method, we set up and extract conservation areas from Peace Valley Resort Development Areas which can function as habitats. Absolute and relative assessment items which are the size of area, habitation of species with conservation value, distribution of communities, functions of habitats, ratio of non-native plants, connectivity of habitats, vegetation layers of forests and age of forests, and water systems are considered on newly extracted conservation areas, and the habitat value assessment was calculated on the items in a 3-point scale. By comparing and examining 3 existing proposals for extracted conservation areas, we assess existing proposals, make an alternative proposal, and try to verify the possibility of applicability to extracted conservation areas. Proposal A and C must not be adopted since almost all conservation areas would be developed in the proposals. Proposal B, consisting of 53% development areas and 47% non-development areas, does not have enough development areas, so high density building arrangements should be encouraged in order to preserve conservation areas. Therefore, proposal B would be the best in ecological terms among the 3 proposals, if 3 conditions are considered : 1) new extracted conservation areas should be conserved; 2) 10~15m wide green-zones on both sides of the water system, which can play a role as ecological corridors, should be considered in development areas; 3) building arrangement should not interrupt the ecological corridors.