• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.413-416
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• 2019

Alstroemeria (Alstroemeriaceae) is one of the most important cut flowers in international market. Especially, characteristics like long vase-life, various colors, tolerance to low temperature and a low energy requirement during cultivation have stimulated this success. Because of its characteristics such as low multiplication rates, time-consuming process and high risk of carrying viral disease, in vitro propagation techniques based on rhizome meristems culture have been developing nowadays. The callus induction has various cultivation sites compared with the direct plant generation method, and if the callus is maintained well, the plant differentiation can be performed simultaneously while maintaining the callus, so that it can be used for mass proliferation. In this study, we tested various hormones and cultivars for efficient callus induction. As a result of culturing between the nodes and the internodes, the callus began to be formed after 8 weeks, and the calli incidence in the nodes was higher than that between the internodes. Also, in the comparison of 2,4-D and picloram, the callus incidence rate was up to 2 times higher in the medium treated with 2,4-D. Using these results, it is thought that it will help establish the system of mass propagation system of Alstroemeria and cultivate new varieties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.584-585
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• 2021

As the production of new and renewable energy such as solar and wind power has diversified, microgrid systems that can simultaneously produce and consume have been introduced. In general, a decrease in electricity prices through solar power is expected in summer, so producer protection is required. In this paper, we propose a transparent and safe gift power transaction system between users using blockchain in a microgrid environment. A futures is simply a contract in which the buyer is obligated to buy electricity or the seller is obliged to sell electricity at a fixed price and a predetermined futures price. This system proposes a futures trading algorithm that searches for futures prices and concludes power transactions with automated operations without user intervention by using a smart contract, a reliable executable code within the blockchain network. If a power producer thinks that the price during the peak production period is likely to decrease during production planning, it sells futures first in the futures market and buys back futures during the peak production period to make a profit in the spot market. losses can be compensated. In addition, if there is a risk that the price of electricity will rise when a sales contract is concluded, a broker can compensate for a loss in the spot market by first buying futures in the futures market and liquidating futures when the sales contract is fulfilled.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.408-412
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• 2012

Recently, new climate change mechanism after 2020 year has been accepted with the parties, and so government is pushing ahead the GHG reduction policies to achieve the effective results. Especially, it is essential to enhance the role of railroad in the public traffic system as well as to develop new cars with high energy efficiency for the GHG reduction of transportation sector. Thus, the calculation method of GHG emission of railroad should be established to manage the emission continuously. In this study, the calculation method of GHG emission of railroad was defined with Tier level considering its emission sources to refer to 2006 IPCC guideline for national GHG inventories. Also, the GHG emission of railroad at Tier 1 level was investigated using the activity data related to the amount of diesel and electricity consumption from 2008 to 2010. As a result, total GHG emission in 2010 was about 2,060 thousands ton CO2e, which have 73% of electricity and 27% of diesel. In future, the plans on the GHG reduction of railroad will be accomplished by the analysis of the detailed trends on the basis of the emission management of Tier 3 level under operating patterns. Therefore, it is important to develop the specific GHG emission factors of railroad in advance.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.9-13
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• 1995

In July 1993 a new prescription of the EC was finished, concerning the voluntary participation of enterprises in a common auditing system. By this in the EC-member countries there must be founded centers of environmental auditing where experienced experts of environmental auditing should be accredited. These accredited experts are controllers for evaluating and certification of carried out environmental-auditings. An environmental-auditing practically represents an environmental assessment for an already existing enterprise with establishing corresponding programmes and strategies for the internal management to improve the environmental relations. Much experiences, which could be collected in the field of EIA during the last years may be transfered to this new task immediately. Only an essential difference there should not be overseen because of national legislation EIA in the defined cases must be carried out. By the EC-prescription carrying out an environmental-auditing for an enterprise is optional, it is recommended only. It was not introduced as a must. In spite of this fact because of the hard competition on the market there will be developed a pressure for the enterprises, to carry out such environmental-auditings. At present already a number of first projects in this direction can be seen, in the first line above all enterprises with the necessary economic power want to use this possibility, to gain better positions on the market. We have already gathered the first experiences in this field. We arranged corresponding contacts to several enterprises within the surroundings of Dresden. Within an opening discussion, where the project is explained and discussed with the management of the enterprise very detailed, the understanding, the readiness and the cooperation for the project are generated necessary prerequesits for the success of the whole work. By means of careful detail-work in collaboration with all departments and on all levels of the enterprise the total mass and energy-balances of the factory established and analysed. There are included also such ranges like material delivery, personal policy, public relations and sale as well as waste management. It is important that all people working in the factory have the feeling to be our partners, and not to have the impression to be checked or controled by an outside organization. This one of the most important factors of environmental auditing, in order to wake up and to develop a common interest on all sides. At the end of the environmental auditing there will be according to the prescription of the EC a catalogue of measures to do immediately, short time, mean time and long time for improvement of the environmental situation of the enterprise. All proposals are made in connection with a corresponding economic evaluation. These measures and programmes are declared as the environmental manual and are the basis for the work of the environmental management of the enterprise for the next three years. According to the EC-prescription, the enterprise with this environmental manual can get a corresponding certificate, which may be used for public relation purposes.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.25-31
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• 2010

In this study, it was intended to suggest new cooling method that enables to improve the applicability and added value higher than existing slag by applying new cooling method(powder cooling slag) at the time discharging slag, which is produced from the ash melting system that the plasma torch is used for the first time in Korea. It is suggested the applicative direction in the development of future recycling process by discovering its nature of material and applicative possibility as earthwork material. The ashes produced after the sewage sludge discharged from Y city was incinerated by the fluidized bed method and was used as test materials. As result of XRF(X-Ray Flourescence Spectrometry) analysis, main ingredient of sewage sludge ashes was $SiO_2$(32%) besides CaO, $Al_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$, and so on. In addition, as result of XRD analysis, traditional diffuse pattern of glass could be found from granulated air-cooled slags, while a minor crystal phase could be observed from powder cooling slag, because the powder on the surface exists in the state not melted. From EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) analysis, it is deemed that powder ingredient has no change before and after it is used as cooling medium, and accordingly it is thought that the powder can be produced as the material where the function is added if used in different shape.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2007

Nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) is an important trace gas in the atmosphere not only because of its large global warming potential (GWP) but also because of the role in the ozone depletion in the stratosphere. It has been known that soil is the largest natural source of $N_2O$ in global emission. However, anthropogenic sources contributing from industrial section is likely to increase with rising the energy consumption, and transportation as well. In this study, a total of 32 gasoline-powered passenger vehicles (ranging from small to large engine's displacement and also ranging from aged catalyst to new catalyst) were tested on the chassis dynamometer system in order to elucidate the characteristics of $N_2O$ emission from automobiles under different driving modes. Ten different driving modes developed by NIER were adapted for the test. The results show that the $N_2O$ emission decreases logarithmically with increase of vehicle speed over the all test vehicles ($N_2O$) emission = -0.062 Ln (vehicle speed) + $0.289,\;r^2=0.97$). It revealed that the larger engine's displacement, the more $N_2O$ emission were recorded. The correlation between $N_2O$ emission and catalyst aging was examined. It found that the vehicles with aged catalyst (odometer record more than 8,0000km) emit more $N_2O$ than those with new catalyst. Average $N_2O$ emission was $0.086{\pm}0.095\;N_2O-g/km$ (number of samples=210) for the all test vehicles over the test driving modes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.577-586
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• 2018

In Korea, sustainability is mandatory in every field. University campuses are educational facilities that consume considerable amounts of energy. Therefore, many universities have tried to take advantage of the last opportunity to prepare students with sustainability and leadership. This study compared the green campus policy and evaluation criteria among Korea, US AASHE, UNEP, and ISCN-GULF to vitalize the green campus movement and suggest recent research data for the Korea green campus accreditation. The results are as follows: 1. new evaluation criteria need to be added to the certified green building total floor area ratio instead of adapting the G-SEED system in the Campus Resource & Environments category; 2. Korean Green Campus Evaluations need to be improved when expressing the campus individuality by choosing an increased number of credits and criteria; and 3. new evaluation criteria are required to secure the result, feedback, and products from curriculum updates in the Campus Education category.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.881-890
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• 2009

To solve big problem in high energy physics or bioinformatics, it needs a large number of computing resources. But it hard to be provided by one grid environment. While user can submit each job by using it's own user interface in each grid environment, it may need many cost and efforts to manage several hundred jobs conserved in each grid environment separately. In this paper, to solve this problem we develop Ganga's Gridway backend and InterGrid backend. Therefore as we provide the same grid user interface between different grid environments. We developed a Gridway backend module that provide users with access to globus-based grid resources as well. We have also developed an InterGrid backend that allows users to submit jobs that have access to both glite-based resources and globus-based resources. In order to demonstrate the practicality of the new backend plugin modules, we have integrated the AutoDock application used by WISDOM project into Ganga as a new built-in application plugin for Ganga. And we preformed interoperability experiment between PRAGMA grid based on Globus and EGEE grid based on gLite.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.47-63
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• 2009

This study focused on changes in form and spatial uses of Urban Hanok in Bukchon, Seoul. There are 10 representative cases which have been renovated through the policy of 'Preservation & Regeneration of Bukchon' by Seoul metropolitan government and other experts. Changes in form and spatial uses of Urban Hanok in Buckon are as follows. First, Changes of scale. Trough removing extension parts, facade of renovated Hanoks are 'transformed' into recovering their identity. Using basements or lofts, intensive application of spaces is transformation which promotes the vitality of Hanoks. Second, changes of space organization. As Hanok changes its function from residence to commercial or cultural use, il a1so changes space character or reorganizes space organization. It is important that deciding function of Hanok has to adjust its scale and organization. Third, changes of construction performance. Through introducing new material and constructing method, performance of wall has been changed respecting its wooden structure and interior-exterior figure. However, technical studies must back it up not to destroy its value of eco-friendly architecture. Fourth, changes of facility systems, like floor heating system. They changes floor level of Hanok equally, and then sections of Hanok have became simple. Furthermore, inserting new facility space, such as boiler room, stand-up kitchen, bathroom and toilet, organization of space also changed. It is necessary that wise alternative proposal through the method of transformation or mutation must be presented. These four changes can be classification into method of 'transformation' and 'mutation'. Changes of scale are method of transformation and changes of space organization are method of mutation. Also, while changes of construction performance are mutation, changes of facility systems are transformation. Recently, as price of lots have been increased, a lot of Hanoks have been commercialized. Thc commercial energy threat 'the identity of Bukchon as residential area'. From now on, to operate 'identity' and 'vitality' complementary, it is necessary to make up for the preservation policy of Hanok and consolidate renovating standards of Hanok which correspond to character of particular region and building usage.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.205-240
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• 1992

In reality, it is a green revolution of the entire agricultural matrix in Korea that integrated pest control plays an important role in the possible breakthrough in rice self-sufficiency. In paddy agroecosystem as man-modified environment, rice is newly established every year by transplantation under diverse water regimes which affect a microclimate. Standing water benefits rice by regulating the microclimate, but it favors the multiplication of certain pets through the amelioration of the microclimate. Further, the introduction of high yielding varieties with the changing of cultural practices results in changing occurrence pattern of certain pests. In general, japonica type varieties lack genes resistant to most of the important pests and insect-borne virus diseases, whereas indica type possesses more genes conferring varietal resistance. Thus, this differences among indica type, form the background of different approaches to pest management. The changes in rice cultivation such as double cropping, growing high-yielding varieties requiring heavy fertilization, earlier transplanting, intensvie-spacing transplanting, and intensive pesticide use as a consequence of the adoption of improves rice production technology, have intensified the pest problems rather than reduced them. The cultivation of resistant varieties are highly effective to the pest, their long term stability is threathened because of the development of new biotypes which can detroy these varieties. So far, three biotypes of N. lugens are reported in Korea. Since each resistant variety is expected to maintain several years the sequential release of another new variety with a different gene at intervals is practised as a gene rotation program. Another approach, breeding multilines that have more than two genes for resistance in a variety are successfully demonstrated. The average annual rice losses during the last 15 years of 1977-’91 are 9.3% due to insect pests without chemical control undertaken, wehreas there is a average 2.4% despite farmers’insecticide application at the same period. In other words, the average annual losses are prvented by 6.9% when chemical control is properly employed. However, the continuous use of a same group of insecticides is followed by the development of pest resistance. Resistant development of C. suppressalis, L. striatellus and N. cincticeps is observed to organophosphorous insecticides by the mid-1960s, and to carbamates by the early 1970s in various parts of the country. Thus, it is apparent that a scheduled chemical control for rice production systems becomes uneconomical and that a reduction in energy input without impairing the rice yield, is necessarily improved through the implementation of integrated pest management systems. Nationwide pest forecasting system conducted by the government organization is a unique network of investigation for purpose of making pest control timely in terms of economic thresholds. A wise plant protection is expected to establish pest management systems in appropriate integration of resistant varieties, biological agents, cultural practices and other measures in harmony with minimizing use of chemical applications as a last weapon relying on economic thresholds.