• Health Policy and Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.95-108
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• 1991

The World Health Organization and its member states, in 1978, declared that primary health care is a key to attain the goal of Health for All by the goal of Health for All by the yeas 2000. As a member state of WHO, the Republic of Korea has participated in the declaration of ALMA-ATA and committed to put national efforts for devedoping and implementing primary health care approach with the spirit and content of this Declaration. Since 1978, to translate the spirit of the Declaration into realization, Korean goverment has developed a new category of health manpower such as Community Health Practitioners serving people living in remote rural areas and Village Health Workers serving voluntarily their own village, strengthened the function of Health Centers and Health Subcenters through their reorientation and improved the infrastructure by their new construction or renovation. While primary health care is viewed as an essential health care in Korea, there are some circles who follow a narrow definition in referring to the health care at the periphey of a health system, which is erroneous. Considering the PHC is accepted as the best alternative approach to health care to solve problems that modern health systems are facing, we propose the followings as desirable health policy directions that modern health systems are facing, we propose the followings as desirable health policy directions which might translate the persopective into action at the national level after reviewing past and current PHC approach in Korea : 1. To improve the equity through the reduction of gaps between those who have access to health care and those who have not. 2. To reinforce multisectoral approach and intersectoral coordination through the re- establishment of the National Health Council or establishment of equivalent organization at the central level. 3. To stengthen community participation through lacal people's empowerment by leadership training, changing planning process from the top-down approach to bottom-up and giving the priority to human resources rater than technology, 4. To reinforce the Ministries of Health and Social Affairs through upgrading its role and function to Coordinate Ministries which involve human welfare policies, and creating a Division which is in charge of PHC in the Ministry.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1286-1294
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• 2011

This paper reviews the future directions and perspectives on the soil environmental researches in the 21 century. Previously, the principal emphasis of soil environmental researches had put on the enhancement of food and fiber productions. Beside the basic function of soil, however, the societal needs on soil resources in the 21st century have demands for several environmental and social challenges, occurring regionally or globally. Typical global issues with which soil science should deal include food security with increasing agronomic production to meet the exploding world population growth, adaptation and mitigation of climate change, increase of the carbon sequestration, supply of the biomass and bioenergy, securing the water resource and quality, protection of environmental pollution, enhancing the biodiversity and ecosystem health, and developing the sustainable farming/cropping system that improve the use efficiency of water and agricultural resources. These challenges can be solved through the sustainable crop production intensification (SCPI) or plant welfare concept in which soil plays a key role in solving the abovementioned global issues. Through implementation of either concept, soil science can fulfill the goal of the modern agriculture which is the sustainable production of crops while maintaining or enhancing the ecosystem function, quality and health. Therefore, directions of the future soil environmental researches should lie on valuing soil as an ecosystem services, translating research across both temporal and spatial scales, sharing and using data already available for other purposes, incorporating existing and new technologies from other disciplines, collaborating across discipline, and translating soil research into information for stakeholders and end users. Through the outcomes of these approaches, soil can enhance the productivity from the same confined land, increase profitability, conserve natural resource, reduce the negative impact on environment, enhance human nutrition and health, and enhance natural capital and the flow of ecosystem services. Soil is the central dogma, final frontier and new engine for the era of sustainability development in the $21^{st}$ century and thus soil environmental researches should be carried according to this main theme.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.8C
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• pp.1142-1148
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• 2004

A binaural filtering method using HRTF DB is generally used to make the headphone-based 3D sound. But it can make some confusion between front and back directions or between up and down directions due to the non-individual HRTF depending on each listener. To reduce the confusion of sound image localization, we propose a new method to boost the spectral cue by modifying HRTF spectra with spectrum difference between front and back directions. Informal listening tests show that the proposed method improves the front-back sound localization characteristics much better than the conventional methods

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.1-26
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to suggest the promotive directions of Quality Circle activity. Since 1975, variety of organizations in Korea have widely the implemented Quality Circle activities for their management systems. Today, Companies are facing the harsh realities of a competitive environment. This is no time for revolutionary change. Instead, Companies are instituting revolutionary change meant to have impact within a very short time frame. The Worker's Quality Circle activity is, essentially, a trouble shooting oriented voluntary small group within their working place to improve the surroundings creatively. The industries have enthusiastically used Quality Circle activities and were influenced from them. The Quality Circle activities can be regarded as a kind of Knowledge Management where new knowledge is created and knowledge is shared in the economy. However, the academics were less interested in this subject, as a result, there were no systematic guidances for Quality Circle activities. Also, the government was less interested in these activities, as a result, there were no systematic policy making for Quality Circle activities. Thus, in this research, the promotive directions for Quality Circle activities were suggested which were based on the results of survey Questionnaires presented to promoters of the domestic companies. As a results of this research, to maximize the effect of TQM(Total Quality Management) in the nationwide, Quality Circle activity as a bottom-up management should be more expanded and revitalized.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.161-173
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• 2018

The study aims to explore the policy directions for young farmers within Korean agricultural context, particularly in Chung-nam Province. In order to accomplish this, young farmers were classified into three categories: successors, new farmers, potential farmers. The importance of young farmers is becoming more of a focus due to decline of population numbers in rural communities as well as the aging of agriculture population. In order to address these two problems, it is necessary to create and implement policy to support each category of young farmer. Rather than the current focus on nurturing young farmers as a labor force, the role of young farmers in maintaining local communities should be expanded in current agricultural system. The local community should provide appropriate conditions for young farmers in Chung-nam Province for the various purposes they have and the roles they fill. In conclusion, it is necessary to provide a 'space' where young farmers can meet base on the community. For this, the role of the community based intermediate support organization for the integrated support system is of great significance.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.6000-6017
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• 2018

This paper presents a new descriptor, named Histograms of Prominent Edge Directions (HPED), for the recognition of facial expressions in a person-independent environment. In this paper, we raise the issue of sampling error in generating the code-histogram from spatial regions of the face image, as observed in the existing descriptors. HPED describes facial appearance changes based on the statistical distribution of the top two prominent edge directions (i.e., primary and secondary direction) captured over small spatial regions of the face. Compared to existing descriptors, HPED uses a smaller number of code-bins to describe the spatial regions, which helps avoid sampling error despite having fewer samples while preserving the valuable spatial information. In contrast to the existing Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) that uses the histogram of the primary edge direction (i.e., gradient orientation) only, we additionally consider the histogram of the secondary edge direction, which provides more meaningful shape information related to the local texture. Experiments on popular facial expression datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed HPED against existing descriptors in a person-independent environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.63-66
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• 2007

Rapid social change in economy, society and information technology takes the initiative of changing office formation. It also requires new change in workspace function for the office workers. This research is about the change of office formation chronologically according to the change in economy, society and cultural diversity. The study also shows the directions for the workspace design considering the new demand and flow of the new office formation. Mobile Office, Virtual Office and Moduler Office are the new office formation. Also, the new workspace requires the common space where the workers can communicate diversely and share their knowledge and ideas, enhancing collaboration and productivity of the new workspace.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2002

This paper suggests a new paradigm of science and technology (S&T) policy for the purpose of the new national development that pursues not the scale expansion of a industrial production but the qualitative enhancement of industrial and S&T comparativeness. The new S&T policy paradigm includes new policy directions such as the density increasement of high quality- brain power and the energy supply for crossing the threshold from imitative R&D to creative R&D. Also, this paper argues that it is necessary not only to acquire the support of the local S&T community and policy-makers on the new S&T policy paradigm, but also to develop and implement policy measures in details on the basis of the new paradigm suggested by the paper.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2021

This paper compares VR cinema with interactive cinema from an interactive perspective to examine cinemas as a new medium. Rather than revealing the difference through this, the focus is on presenting a methodology that understands the cinema in a new environment that is now standing at the starting point. The development of video technology is changing not only the external elements of content but also the internal storytelling method, but the lack of killer content has always been pointed out as a problem compared to the remarkable development of technology. Therefore, it is necessary to specify the characteristics and types of interactions represented by VR (virtual reality) and new media represented by interactive media and to present directions. Therefore, the types and characteristics of interactions were compared with VR film produced in line with the new phenomenon and interactive film . Through this, we would like to present the meaning and value of the new film format from a media perspective.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.07a
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• pp.693-696
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors affecting the purchase intention of new energy vehicles, utilizing the BRA and VAM models. Based on self-interest and altruism, a model for willingness to use new energy vehicles was developed. Through analysis with analytical tools such as SPSS and AMOS, we obtained the following conclusions: Perceived value, perceived entertainment, and environmental values all have a significant positive impact on the purchase intention of new energy vehicles; Perceived risk has a negative impact on purchase intention. By conducting this research, useful suggestions can be made for the formulation of enterprise strategies, and new directions and inspirations can be provided for enterprises.