• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.21-35
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• 1995

This study was done to determine a new qualitative base for educating and evaluating patients by comparing a 60 or over age group with a 20-30 age group when rising from supine to erect stance. Sixty normal adults were devided into 60 or over and 20-30 aged groups. Each persons was asked to standing from the supine position. This process was recorded by two video cameras. The results was classified into the three existing movement categories. And then they were analyzed by percent rate. The results showed that each group had its own different and special characteristics. This means that physical therapists need to select the best motor patterns according to age in teaching functional tasks such as rising from supine to erect stance.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2015

This study aims to investigate the specific functions of the five spirits based on the characteristics of five phases. In Korean medicine, the mind is classified into five spirits and seven emotions. The spirits (hon, sin, ui, baek, ji) are a way of analyzing of people's mental structures, and they are affected by each other, influencing life activities both directly and indirectly. They are also related to the five viscera and come into their own functions through the characteristics of the five phases that are assigned to the viscera. Sin is the main agent of mental activity that is normal, correct, and perfect, and it directs the other four. Hon is activity that is exposed to the outside from mental and physical aspects such as planning, creative thinking, creating, judgment, speech, and emotional expression. Baek is internal activity, such as obtaining information, learning, seeing, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Ui is meant to decide between new and already saved information based on comparative analysis. Ji is the activity of making the final decision and saving it in ui. Based on the above, we suppose that the five spirits' functions match the characteristics of the five phases.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.27-32
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• 2008

The present study has been conducted economic analysis of heat storage type ground source heat pump system(HSGSHP) and normal ground source heat pump (GSHP) which are installed at the same building in the shared an apartment house. Cost items, such as initial cost, annual energy cost and maintenance cost of each system are considered to analyze life cycle cost (LCC) and simple payback period (SPP) with initial cost different are compared. The initial cost is a rule to the Government basic unit cost of production. LCC applied present value method is used to assess economical profit of both of them. Variables used to LCC analysis are prices escalation rate and interest rate mean values of during latest 10 years. The LCC result shows that HSGSHP (1,050,910,000won) is more profitable than GSHP by 68.9% initial cost. And SPP appeared 3.0 year overcome the different initial cost by different annual energy cost.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2019

The mass production after the industrialisation and the fast changing fashion cycles in today's world resulted in buying clothes and home textiles more than we need and discarding them before they complete their life cycles. This causes vast amounts of textile waste that creates environmental issues. Upcycling is the creative process of transforming clothing and textile waste by reusing deadstock or used fabric to create new garments and products. It holds importance in terms of sustainability, reducing waste and environmental pollution. During the process of upcycling, certainly the creativity and innovation are the key words because to reuse a product to a better value needs a creative mind, aesthetic consciousness, innovative look and knowledge and it is quite different from a normal design procedure. There is a delicate level of aesthetics which carries the reused materials to a higher value. The handling of the materials, knowing how to manipulate the waste material, the techniques available to apply to surfaces, the concept of two and three dimension on textiles and clothing, contributions of other branches of art such as sculpture and painting all help the designer to reach a higher aesthetic value in the upcycled product in this process. In the study; it was aimed to raise awareness, to attract attention to sustainable fashion and also to contribute to sustainable development as an upcycling design project realized with students in textile and fashion design education taken as an example.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2021

Scientists at the International Space Station have been studying space life sciences to prepare for future manned space explorations, and require experimental specimen such as rodents for mass measurement. However, it is challenging to use mass measurement systems in space owing to the errors caused by factors such as mechanical-electronic noise. Therefore, to minimize the measurement errors, we propose a new algorithm called multiple calibration, which divides the mass range and calculates the sample weight by using the correction equation of each interval. We performed tests to evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed method to that of normal methods. As a result, the measurement accuracy improved by over two times using the multiple calibration method. Furthermore, we conducted mass measurements on various samples and confirmed that our method is valid for mass measurements.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.476-483
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• 2022

The novel coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact on society and everyday life. The pandemic imposed a global shutdown leading to many challenges such as the suspension of academic programs at universities. The result of this suspension contributed to the rapid overnight migration of educational activities from traditional face-to-face learning to a virtual environment which until then was unfamiliar to both instructors and students. This study identified the experiences faced by built environment higher education instructors in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa during this sudden switch to online teaching and learning. This pilot study employed a quantitative research approach to survey instructor experiences on online teaching and learning during a global pandemic. The data was computed and analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data collected. The study sample comprised of 20 higher education instructors in the region of the KwaZulu Natal province in South Africa. Findings from the study revealed that instructors faced adaptive challenges with rapidly having to redesign and remodel the mode of academic course delivery and assessments to suit an online platform. Additionally, instructors observed that students faced technological challenges such as connectivity and navigating the online learning management system platforms. The challenges identified by instructors and students can be effectively transformed to opportunities for future learning under the 'new normal'.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.759-765
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• 2023

Owing to the increase in the elderly population at aquaculture farm and decrease in the number of aquaculture farmers, the need to improve aquaculture production system is increasing. In addition, asvirtual interactions become new normal after COVID-19 pandemic, the speed at which science and technology such as the internet of things (IoT), information and communications technology (ICT), and artificial intelligence (AI) are applied to each field is accelerating. Efforts are being made to enhance the quality of life of aquaculture farmer and competitiveness of the aquaculture industry by incorporating digital technology. This study analyzed national and global aquaculture technology development and policy trends, smart aquaculture terminology application scenarios, and prior research cases to propose smart aquaculture industrialization models and technology development directions considering technology, economy, and environment. This study can also provide valuable reference for promoting smart and efficient development of aquaculture.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.395-407
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• 1999

The queens of Korean native bumblebee species, Bombus ignitus were collected from the field in the spring of 1997 and reared under the various temperatures as 15$^{\circ}C$$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 2$0^{\circ}C$$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ $\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 60%$\pm$5% of relative humidity and 14L : 10D, to investigate their ecological characteristics, as comparing with control(29$^{\circ}C$$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 60%$\pm$5% of relative humidity and red light). As a result, eggs were laid by foundation queen at 15$^{\circ}C$, but they didn't hatched out while at 2$0^{\circ}C$ eggs were laid by them and they hatched out. When a foundation queen laid eggs at $25^{\circ}C$ and they all were hatched out and normally grown. Finally they were developed to the normal colony. B. ignitus worker survived for 77days at 2$0^{\circ}C$, about 69days at $25^{\circ}C$, about 68days at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and about 63days at 29$^{\circ}C$(control). The first brood workers emerged in 25-27days from the egg which a foundation queen laid. At the various temperatures, the captive queens stand to lay eggs in about 18days at 15$^{\circ}C$, 15days at 2$0^{\circ}C$, 11days at $25^{\circ}C$, 11days at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 4days in control. The first worker and the first drone from the egg cell of the collected queens appeared in about 27days and 72days at 2$0^{\circ}C$, 26days and 88days in $25^{\circ}C$, 24days and 65days at 3$0^{\circ}C$, 25days and 71days in control, respectively. In colony foundation, 33% of the collected queen at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$, 100% of the disposed queen at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and in control, and 67% of them at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and in control both produced new queens in 66days and 88days, respectively. The life span of the colony founded covered fro about 3 months at $25^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$ and in control. At lower temperatures, the life span of queen is shorter; 2 months at 15$^{\circ}C$ and 3 months at 2$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. A colony which normally developed, varied in size with rearing temperatures; about 20heads at 2$0^{\circ}C$, 482heads at $25^{\circ}C$, 330heads at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 452heads in control. A foundation queen monthly oviposited 1.5egg cells at 15$^{\circ}C$, 3.0egg cells at 2 $0^{\circ}C$, 21.7egg cells at $25^{\circ}C$, 42.3egg cells at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 47.0egg cells in control. As a colony developed in June and July, egg cells as well as daily average cells increased in number, as compared to those in May and August. Also, in June and July, interval(days) of egg laying is shorter than in May and August. Number of nectar pots during the colony development varied with rearing temperatures; 31pots at $25^{\circ}C$, 39pots at 3$0^{\circ}C$, 23pots in control. The emergence of new queen showed a distinctively different two patterns; early emerging type and late emerging type. Workers are rapidly increased from early in July to early in August at $25^{\circ}C$, but at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and in control, emergence of workers are remarkably increased from the middle of June and last until July. No new queen emerged at 15$^{\circ}C$, 2$0^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. New queens at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and in control emerged between late in June and early in July. Thus emergence of new queen was temperature dependent.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.501-513
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between general characteristics and the eating-out behaviors of 643 male/female industrial workers. The results of the study was summarized as follows. 1. The frequency rate of eating-out was higher for male than female, college graduates than high school graduates, high income earner than low income earner, and unmarried than married(p<0.05). 2. Average cost for eating-out was higher for male than female, for high educated and high income earner than low educated person. Age, married or not, personal health conditions and BMI, however, didn't make any difference in the average cost for eating-out. 3. Reasons fur eating-out was very different due to gender, age, degree of education income rate, married or not, BMI(p<0.05) but basically eating-out was due to get together with friends or colleagues. Also, people who thought they were not in good health answered that they did not eat-out in any conditions. Overweighted people ate out more often than normal or under-weighted people. 4. The method in gathering information about eating-out was different according to the level of education and whether married or not. On the other hand, gender, age, income rate, personal health condition and BMI did not make a big difference in its method. However, most People who Participated in the survey gathered information from people around them, such as friends/colleagues. 5. Taste was the most important factor in deciding the actual eating-out restaurant among the respondents and gender, age, level of education, married or not also made significant differences (p<0.05). 6. Besides personal health conditions and BMI, all the general characteristics including age made significant differences in selecting the most frequently visited restaurant. 7. Besides the personal health conditions, the transportation vehicle was different due to gender, age, level of education, income rate, married or not and BMI. As seen from the results, the eating-out behaviors mostly differed due to general characteristics. In order to searching for a new eating-out market, the general characteristics and the trend of the target customers has to be analyzed to activate the eating-out industry. In addition the need for highly nutritional food with low calorific value has to be emphasized along with the taste.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.624-630
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• 2001

The trend of the regulations on environmental issues are getting tight. Responding to this trend new technologies such as moving electrodes, wide pitch and pulsed power supply are also introduced in the electrostatic precipitator(EP) systems. The introduction of wide pitch and moving electrodes enhances the system performance of the EPs by improving air-flow and by improving the ash reentrainment on rapping. The power supplies for the EPs developed up to date include thyristor-based dc or intermittent type, SMPS(switching mode power supply) type and the pulsed-power supply type. The use of the pulsed ones is known to improve dust-collecting efficiency of high resistivity ash and reduces back corona occurrence in the collecting plate. There are two kinds of pulsed-power supplies; one with pulsed transformers and the other with direct dc switching devices. The latter uses rotary spark gap switches or semiconductor switches. Both have the merits and demerits: the spark gap switches are simple and robust but has short life time, hence, high maintenance cost, whereas the semiconductor switches have long life time but are costly. In this study, A high voltage power supply with superimposing voltage pulse on dc source was developed for EPs. This study describes circuit topology, operating principle of the scheme, and analysis of experimental results on Dong-Hae Power Plant. The pulsed power supply consists of a variable dc power supply with ratings of 60kV, 800mA and pulse generator which is made of high voltage thyristor-diode switch strings, an LC resonant tank and a blocking inductor. The pulse generator generates variable pulse-voltage up to 70kV using a high frequency resonant inverter with a variable dc source. Two prototypes were built and tested on 250MW DongHae power plant to verify the possibility of the commercial use and the normal operation in the transient states.