• Iberoamérica
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.119-145
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• 2012

This paper deals with the study of how the 'birth' of Brazil happened and how the European utopianism was represented in Brazilian Informative Literature of the sixteenth century, that is, the first literary manifestations of Brazil. There were at that time the Renaissance humanism and the scientific development that encouraged dozens of illustrious navigators for new discoveries ultra-seas, like Christopher Columbus who discovered America. Writings such as Letter to King Manuel of Pero Vaz de Caminha, had mostly an intention to inform Europeans about climates, indians and possibility to discover gold or silver. Main narrative characteristics were uncertainty and exageration, which ironically helped to attract more discoveries and explorations in the New World. Americo Vespucio's Mundus Novus inspired Thomas More to write Utopia, in which the author described through a Portuguese sailor the ideal but unrealizable society. Utopianism regarding the imaginary island of 'Brazi', well known among Europeans since long ago, may have influenced the current name of the country: 'Brazil'. On the other hand, utopianism shown in Brazilian Informative Literature worked as a justification for Europeans to explore and colonize the New World.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.125-138
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• 2002

The first purpose of this study is to inquire into the effect of new generation housewives'etiquette awareness on their etiquette implementation. For this purpose, this study will search the levels of new generation housewives'etiquette awareness and etiquette implementation, how the etiquette awareness and etiquette implementation vary according to their background variables, and the effect of new generation housewives'etiquette awareness as well as the background variables on their etiquette implementation. The major findings are as follows . First, the level of etiquette awareness was somewhat higher than that of etiquette implementation. Second, generally, their etiquette awareness didn't show a significant difference by the socio-demographic variables, but showed a significant difference by the psychological variables including communication level and humanism/materialism value orientation. Third, new generation housewives'etiquette implementation showed a significant difference only by monthly income like etiquette awareness. Meanwhile, as the psychological variables, etiquette implementation showed a significant difference by all Psychological variables except sex-role attitude. fourth, according to result of looking into relative influence of socio-demographic variables, psychological variables, and etiquette awareness about etiquette implementation, etiquette awareness was a significant variable which affects etiquette implementation.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2021

In Sapiens it shows the reason that sapiens has conquered the earth for the invention of intersubjective reality. In Homodeus sapiens made the science revolution through the religion of humanism. The development of science showed that human free will and emotion is just made through the chemical interaction of neuron which can be manipulated and developed. Algorithm and data wlll be the sovereign which make decision in everything. Yuval Harari tells us the Homodeus appear and break down the order of equality. His anticipation proves right in competition law issues. The collusion through the algorithm makes it difficult to apply existing cartel logic. Agreement is the ground of responsibility but undertaking is not responsible in the market where sovereign algorithm decides eveything. Extreme price differentiation can appear and break down the existing market logic and competition dogma. Everything changes and it is necessary to have the flexible attitude and develop new logic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.325-332
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• 1997

The purpose of the research was influential in the fashionable dacolleta of women's costume in the mid-l5th century. The results were as follow: A variation of social environment and an aesthetic sense brought on desires to express human nature. Especially, the importance for costume of the appearance of a new spirit, confirmed and developed on the contemporary. The first symptoms of humanism were leaning towards secular art, an ideal of man at once more independent and avid for action, and an interesting applied to the individual and particularity. In addition, love affairs between the ladies and knights led to increasing interest in the beauty of weakness and tenderness in the women's body Sorel Agnas who was a lover of Charles VII, France king, had a great influence on the fashion of decollette in women's costume. It was just a dacolletta to express an ideal of beauty to neckline in women's dress in contemporary.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.5 s.52
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• pp.193-204
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• 2005

Design took a radical turn in the 1980's, deconstructing the rigid ideology of the Modernism, often with great humor. Contemporary representable Avant-garde designers, Philippe Starck and Ron Arad brazenly borrowed from the 'historical elements' of previous styles and created bio-morphic forms with whimsical names of furniture. This study is proposed to understand the diversity of contemporary design, by comparing these two furniture designers. It also covers the common factors in contemporary furniture design, and analyzes their individual differences and similarities in design. It helps to plan the foundation of design methods for 21C, and predict and respond to the future as a reference point. Philippe Starck links Romantic Rationalism within Minimal style and Ron Arad links Deconstructivism within High-tech style but both of them pursue of Organic concept design in their furniture through the concept of humanism. They are able to establish a base of contemporary furniture design by adapting new conceptual form, and design process for the general public.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.65-80
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to investigate into the meaning of the New Brutalism sensed in the late church buildings of the Swedish architect Sigurd Lewerentz (1885-1975). St Mark's (1956-64) and St Peter's (1962-66) churches, his grand finale designs, have a unique architectural vocabulary of rough brickwork. The brick treatment is the basis on which Reyner Banham (1966) discussed him concerning the New Brutalism, and the point that this research focuses on. This paper explores the brutalist character of the buildings from two aspects - interpretational level of individual buildings and historical level of a broader view. First, the character of two churches could be interpreted with the phrase of 'play between brutality and sacredness'. The rough surface of brick and mortar in the buildings symbolises brutality and the vault of their chapels' ceiling sacredness. And the two characteristics meet and play on the rough vault surface. Second, in the historical point of view, this paper argues that the buildings made a giant leap for Swedish modern architecture, which had been at a deadlock owing to the compromising attitude of the New Empiricism since 1940s. And the Swedish New Empiricism (or the New Humanism), spread to Britain as "Welfare State architecture" after World War II, brought about reaction of the young British architects such as the Smithsons and became the background that made the new brutalist mood. However, considering that the term of the New Brutalism was first used in Sweden by Hans Asplund, Lewerentz's brutalist late churches - which seemingly had nothing to do with the British nor the Corbusian lineage - are also meaningful in that they confirmed the tendency in its homeland. In conclusion, this paper argues that St Mark's and St Peter's churches with the brutalist characteristics should be regarded as crucial buildings not only in Lewerentz's personal career but also in Swedish and international architectural history.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.1 s.60
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• pp.108-118
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• 2007

The tabernacle architecture is the paradigm of the new testaments and the modern church, and has been from the temples to synagogues, the Old Testaments to the New Testaments, and from present to future. Nevertheless, research on the Tabernacles has never been studied architecturally but has only been researched Biblically or partially. This would be because people interested in the tabernacle lack in architectural knowledge, and architects would be limited theologically. Furthermore, the start of church architecture until now was the architecture of the Roman-court style and the Greece Temple as the exterior, such as the Basilica, a non-Christian, strangely styled piece of architecture, which was seen as the basis of the church architectural style, which is a great mistake, due to the effect of modern architectural educational system with the central figure of humanism and western styled architecture. The measurement and the pattern of the Tabernacle architecture were not recorded in the Bible in order to produce the shape of the Tabernacle. The 'Architecture of God' was designed for the very first time on Earth so that He could dwell among His people.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 2002

There have been many unbalanced attempts to break the rules with Renaissance movement which connects with the past in the current art. And From the latter half of Twenty century to the early half of twenty one century, the common sense of fashion is turned over by(unthinkable fashion). To analyze current apparence of fashion, this research make a comparison of fashion condition between the sixteenth century and twenty century fashion, Three analysis methods is introduced. First of all, this paper make research of original language of mannerism and unthinkable apparence. Second, appearances of mannerism fashion and unthinkable fashion which are taken from reference books and pictures. Third, Gathering methods which express own style between two periods in the end part of research. As a result, Although Mannerism isn't practical for the visual and new pleasure, and neglect humanism of Renaissance, It is a tendency which is willing to change the flow of prevailing mode, and to reflect asking of people each periods. Mannerism and unthinkable fashion is apparence of society to refresh own feeling. And then, Mannerism and unthinkable fashion is a new challenge to escape from fixed thought.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.162-172
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• 2004

Architects and designers of the 20th Century made various efforts to establish new design languages reflecting the changes of society, the times, and environment. They used furniture, especially chairs, as controversial items of aesthetic value, society and ideology. Le Corbusier and Alvar Aalto are furniture designers as well as architects, who adopted this ‘spirit of the times’ actively and have greatly contributed to modernism. This study will help us to understand the diversity of design since modernism, by comparing these two designers' furniture design. It also covers the common factors In modern furniture design, and analyses their individuality and likeness In design. The following is a comparison of furniture design by Le Corbusier and Alvar Aalto. Le Courbusier linked International design and Aalto linked Rational design and Organic concept design to their furniture, just as they did in their architecture. They were able to establish the base of modern furniture design by adapting new concepts and pursuing humanism. In structure, Le Corbusier's furniture Is simple and proportional. It demonstrates a sophisticated geometric composition, mechanical beauty. On the other hand, Aalto rationally linked nature with human requirements and his furniture is organic and in harmony with geometric structure. In function, Le Corbusier's furniture is standardized and prefabricated. He designed for the user so they could choose to use the furniture efficiently to suit their needs. In comparison with Le Corbusier, Aalto Invented the ‘Stacking Chair’ which allows a more effective use of space and reflected the structure of the human body to improve the user's comfort. In materials and techniques, Le Corbusier used new materials like metal or leather, and attempted new ways such as welding, prefabrication, and standardization for production. On the contrary, Alto mainly used birch, which is the traditional material in Finland, and tried new bent wood techniques and joining methods.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.43-62
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of the Current Curriculum of Radiologic Technology Department in Junior College, try to find a future solution of the education of Radiologic Technology and a reform measure, and suggest a new substantial model. So this study refered to sundary records, posed a question by papers, made a reform measure of curriculum on the basis of the results, examined it throughly by discussion with the related professors and the industrials figures, and decided a new model. The characteristics of the reform measure reflected in the new model are as follows; 1. It increased the numbers of credits like 94 or 95 ones, to positively accept a developing medical technique and modern science. 2. It set up various general studies and offered a free selection. 3. It closely related majors and their credits to the national examination of lisence and the task of industrial job site. 4. It kept the balance between the periods of lecture, practice, training and their credits. 5, It reinforced the subjects of fundamental medical science such as Introduction to Medicine, Pathology, Biochemistry, Patient Care, etc. 6. It newly established Clinical Trainings as a regular education course. 7. It newly established Introduction to Computer Science, Ultrasonography and Magenetic Resonance Imaging, to cope with the development of the future medical technique. 8. It newly established Humanism in Medicine as a regular education course. 9. It changed the names of subjects resonably.