• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.24
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• pp.113-137
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is (a) to investigate the general characteristics of bookjacket of children's books in Korea and (b) to observe general directions of the changes of those characteristics. For that purpose, children's books are gathered in alphabetical order of titles which has been published in the past 30 years and classified into three groups: 'books of 1966-1975', 'books of 1976-1985' and 'books of 1986-1993' according to the date of publication of those books. The important elements of the bookjackets belonging to these three groups are analyzed and compared. Main findings and conclusions made in this study are summarised as follows : (1) The style of illustration which has been appeared very often on the bookjacket of children's books is realistic art style. But a new tendency is that cartoon art style is above everything else. (2) The media which has been commonly used for illustration is watercolor. A new tendency is that various media is used for illustration. (3) People have been most commonly used as characters of illustration, and this tendency is continued from the past. (4) Visual representation of characters is usually simplified, and simple outlines is used for objects. The latest tendency is the same. (5) Visual content is arranged within bookjacket illustration as a whole, and this tendency is continued. (6) Lines for special emphasis are commonly used in depicting objects wi thin bookjacket illustration. (7) Realistic color has been most commonly used in depicting objects within bookjacket illustration. But the tendency is turned into unrealistic color. (8) Light grayish and strong as tone have been commonly used for bookjacket. A new tendency is that pale as tone is above everything else. (9) Gothic type has been commonly used for title within bookjacket. A new tendency is that various types are used for titles.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.97-105
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• 2017

This study is the realization study recognizing the Korean gothic printing letter. This study defined the new grapheme by using the connection ingredient and had the graphemes recognized by means of the feature dots of the isolated dot, end dot, 2-line gathering dots, more than 3 lines gathering dots, and classified the characters by means of the arrangement information of the graphemes and the layers that the graphemes form within the characters, and made the character database for the recognition by using them. The layers and the arrangement information of the graphemes consisting in the characters were presumed by using the weight center position information of the graphemes extracted from the characters to recognize and the information of the graphemes obtained by vertically exploring from the weight center of each grapheme, and it recognized the characters by judging and comparing the character groups of the database by means of the information which was secured this way. 350 characters were used for the character recognition test and about 97% recognition result was obtained by recognizing 338 characters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.10
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• pp.118-132
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• 2010

The purpose of the research is to develop a systematic model to interpret makeup signs through a case analysis of makeup shown in Alexander McQueen's ready-to-wear collections from 2001 to 2010 and to prove an importance of makeup as a communication medium to deliver social and cultural values. This research employed Panofsky's Iconology theory to analyze data. This theory consists of three steps to interpret the meaning of a work: (1) pre-iconographical description, (2) iconographical analysis, and (3) iconological interpretation. Alexander McQueen's makeup was analyzed with the three steps in order. As a result of the pre-iconographical description step, makeup styles (icons) in his collections are identified which are Egyptian style, Gothic style, Androgynous style, Victorian style, Fantasia style, and Futuristic variant style. The iconographical analysis step identified that the elements used in his makeup are inspired by his identity and life. In the final step of iconological interpretation, the researcher concluded that Alexander McQueen's makeup expresses social, cultural, and aesthetical value of the time period when the collection was created. His makeup shows postmodernism that accepts a diversity of views (the pluralism) and humanism, romantic narcissism that is his personality trait, and avant-garde that pursues a new, creative aesthetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.30
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• pp.275-294
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• 1996

In fashion there was a move away from the ascetic of the Gothic according to the appear-ance of a new spirit at the beginning of the fourteenth centuries initially in Italy. The new spirit Humanism applied their interest not to the universal but to the individual and particular. The Renaissace costume style based on the Humanism was sharp angled and curvy and had a grotesque silhouette with the exaggerated and tense decorations. The purpose of this study is researching the background led to the balanced costume style characterized by unique details. out of the tastte for luxury and beauty grew a new style known as slashing in which seams were left open and colored linigs thrust through or cuts were made in an entire cos-tume and contrasting material puffed out of the cuts. With the slashes another element was characterized in the high Renaissance cos-tume style that was the use of points or lace to hold a costume together. For the masculint costumes pads became into a fashion and were used for forming the antinatural artificial and bulky silhouettes. The body was distorted and tensed by putting the pads into the sleeves and bodice. The jacket with a full rounded bodice like a bow known as peascod belly and haut de chausses a onion-shaped trunk hose with a codipiece ap-peared and grew one of the most characteristic of Renaissance style. According to these sociological changes the view of the beauty based on the human body and in both of men and women the costume style was changed very much to emphasixed their physical beauty and finally it grew a grotesque style and even more a exposed style that exposed a part of their body. Those backgrounds as were stated above can be said to lead to the appearance of the grotesque style in the Renaissance Age.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.29-42
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• 2000

It has long been believed that European clothing style has been developed independently without the Eastern influence. This deductive assumption has limited the understanding about the contents of Eastern clothing style, and there has only been limited studies on the Eastern influence on the European clothing. The lack of understanding and interest made the traditional Eastern influence on the European clothing. The lack of understanding and interest made the traditional Eastern clothing to be considered as merely exotic and relatively unimportant. Therefore, a thorough study and understanding of the contents of the Eastern clothing style and its influence on the western world is very much needed. The objective of this study is to see how the clothing of the Islamic Osman Turk had influenced Europe during the Gothic and Renaissance period and to find the relationship between the development of the East and West clothing style. This study also has the purpose of re-evaluating the importance of the Eastern culture in the present multi-cultural global era of the 21 st century. The most typical clothing of the Osman Turk was kaftan and other traditional clothing included narrow pants and head dress. Through trade, war and other channels, the Turkish influence changed the styles and colors of previous European fashion that can be characterized by the simple designs of tunic and mantle into a dynamic dress culture. Cotehardie adopted the styles of the Turkish kaftan. The new weaving techniques enabled new clothing such as Pourpoint, Houpplelande made of brocade and velvet with elegant patterns come into European fashion. Also, head dresses, which before were not used except for religious reasons were widely worn. As such, Turkish fashion gave significant influence on the development of European clothing style.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.19-32
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is a study on the dome plan of S. M. del Fiore Church of F. Brunelleschi. The results of study are as follows: 1. The planning of floor, elevation and cross section plan of S. M. del Fiore church is basically planned by each other correlation. In particular, the octangular form of geometrical standard which is formed with altar as the center at the crossing part is important component elements which is decided by not only the dome, but form and size of the drum and floor plan form of the lantern 2. The dome which has been planned by F. Brunelleshi has completed the new dome, preserving gothic thought intended by the church plan after study on architecture of ancient Rome with Pantheon. And the dome which is a main space of church through all aspects of plan, structure, function and construction about the dome is a opportunity in the beginning of Renaissance architecture which is a new epoch and a turning point of architecture on various point of view. 3. The dome which is constructed by F. Brunelleshi has been planned through the innovative solution by the refusal of traditional semicircle form dome, centering use and creation double-shell structure form for the first time in history. And the construction of dome has been solved with the invention of various construction equipments and machineries, the stone rib planned for connection and reinforcement about shells of the octangular form, the support method for reduction the gravity of bricklayers work and the brick work of nock-patterned shape which is masonry construction method of the architecture of ancient Rome.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.20-36
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• 2014

This research aims to identify and analyze the expression elements and features of Goth style observed in clothing of unique characters in movies directed by Tim Burton, and to build the database on diverse features movie costumes, so that such data can be used to develop new fashion design. The research-classified features of Goth style into romanticism overturns Satanism, grief, and sensuality. The results are as follow; First, Goth expressed romanticism by reminding the gloom and fear of medieval times through the image of clowns, medieval knights, werewolves and vampires. Second, The costumes in Tim Burton's movies overthrew the rules in reality using flexible changes, ambiguity of gender, distorted human beings, half-man-half-beasts, and ghost images. Furthermore, the positive expression on characters in gloomy and fearful costumes showed the overturn of common idea and value system in a society. Third, Tim Burton created fear using the image of a live dead body, shape of a devil, shape of death. Also, accessories suddenly changed into arms in his movies. He expressed Satanism by positively describing satanic shapes and shapes meaning death. Next, characters in Tim Burton's movies are mainly losers, aliens or outsiders. Sorrow, alienation and darkness inside them expressed the sadness through embodiment of mean animals in darkness, masks, veils and extreme black costumes. Finally, Sensuality was rarely shown in Tim Burton's movies, but expressed in various ways including pursuit of new beauty in excessive exposure, skintight silhouette, suggestion on sexualized violence and frightfulness.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.346-351
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• 2014

Suction dentures enhance retention and support by forming negative pressure temporarily at the internal surface of denture base at times of swallowing and chewing because the areas surrounding the denture flanges are sealed by mobile mucosa. In this case, an 81-year-old male visited for new dentures. Considering the high expectations for retention and masticatory efficiency of dentures, fabricating complete dentures with suction dentures was planned. Preliminary impression was taken without applying pressure on retromolar pad area and diagnostic cast was fabricated. Afterwards, individual tray was made and final impression was taken, at the same time, gothic arch tracing was done to acquire centric relation and vertical dimension. Then, anatomic teeth were placed on maxilla and non-anatomic teeth were placed on mandible forming lingualized occlusion. Consequently, restoring a complete edentulous patient with complete dentures using mandibular suction denture resulted in recovering satisfying retention and function.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

In this study, the researchers attempted to automate the process of painting the characters on the road surface, which is currently done by manual labor, by using the information and communication technology. Here are the descriptions of how we put in our efforts to achieve such a goal. First, we familiarized ourselves with the current regulations about painting letters or characters on the road, with reference to Road Mark Installation Management Manual of the National Police Agency. Regarding the graphemes, we adopted a new one using connection components, in Gothic print characters which was within the range of acceptance according to the aforementioned manual. We also made it possible for the automated program to recognize the graphemes by means of the feature dots of the isolated dots, end dots, 2-line gathering dots, and gathering dots of 3 lines or more. Regarding the database, we built graphemes database for plotting information, classified the characters by means of the arrangement information of the graphemes and the layers that the graphemes form within the characters, and last but not least, made the character shape information database for character plotting by using such data. We measured the layers and the arrangement information of the graphemes consisting the characters by using the information of: 1) the information of the position of the center of gravity, and 2) the information of the graphemes that was acquired through vertical exploration from the center of gravity in each grapheme. We identified and compared the group to which each character of the database belonged, and recognized the characters through the use of the information gathered using this method. We analyzed the input characters using the aforementioned analysis method and database, and then converted into plotting information. It was shown that the plotting was performed after the correction.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.159-163
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• 2008

Recently, typography in Korea has been varied. Among them, after 2005 a new trend caligraphy has appeared and in reality people discussed that this has been occurred as a coincidence. However, as a view of one who is interested in Hangeul typography, born of Hangeul caligraphy is not a coincidence. It is because computerizing of Hangeul has been later than U.S. or Japan. Korea was colonized by Japan and experienced the Korean War and economical independence got late and cultural independence got late as well. Our language, Hangeul was independenced in the beginning of 1990's after computer was introduce and original letter of Hangeul was scanned and basic standard was built. From the end of 80's there were many efforts for independence of Hangeul but there were problems on hardware side than software side. In the beginning of 90's basic fonts such as Myungjo or Gothic of Choi Jung-ho's fonts were set for computer hardware, but later 90's can be called as a time for distributing designed fonts for that new fonts that were planned and applying new ideas on fonts were done. In 2000 the two major font company in Korea Sandoll Communication and Yoon Design Institute made a fonts such as When branding had to be done by designer, typo must be written so adjusting size and moving baseline made old style and caligraphy fonts to be born. These cycling process has been natural motive for nowadays' caligraphy and these two major companies' role has made caligraphy to be popular.