• 제목/요약/키워드: New Fisheries Regime

검색결과 23건 처리시간 0.022초

동북아지역 국제어업협력체제의 구축과 운영방향 (Establishment and future prospects of new international fisheries regime in Northeast Asian region)

  • 최정윤;최종화
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.1-23
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    • 1999
  • In the Northeast Asian region fisheries agreements of the past regarding high seas as an agreement area were transformed or new agreements were introduced in order to conform to the EEZ regime. However, the existing joint regulatory zone which “open” status is somewhat similar to the high sea not only disappear, but also two new systems were established. To begin with, parties of the agreement claimed their EEZs to be from the territorial sea baselines to the extent set forth, problem of the fishery access of the other party under the agreement is to be solved on the principle of reciprocity and on recognizing of the catch results achieved in the past. In regards to the overlapping zones like neutral zone of the East Sea of Korea(Sea of Japan) and neutral zone to the south of the Cheju Island, provisional measures zones in the Yellow Sea and in the East China Sea, and transitional zone of the Yellow Sea special fisheries management systems reflecting the legal character of the zone involved are applied. Moreover, as fisheries agreements defining open sea as an agreement zone are not able to conform to the EEZ regime, so new fisheries agreements must be taken out from old systems and conceptions, and must be understood and enforced from the new point view. Therefore, countermeasures needed to do so should be developed, and their basic structure is as follows. Firstly, the basic concept of the EEZ regime requires that the coastal states have sovereign rights on their sea zones' natural resources and bear responsibilities appropriate to their allowed jurisdiction. Each Northeast Asian state should adjust the structure of fishing industries and employ advanced fisheries management system, and should make efforts toward such issues of the state policy as increasing fishery resources and preserving ocean environment. Secondly, measures should be developed to solve the international fisheries disputes which are to occur under enforcement of the new fisheries agreements system. In regards to the acts of violation the fisheries laws in the foreign EEZ the principle of jail sentence prohibition is established by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, and every fisheries agreement reflects this principle. Therefore, the present question is to consider concrete measures to enable the easy release of the seamen, who violated fisheries laws slightly and well-intently, through establishment and management of the guarantee fund needed to make collateral reasonable. Thirdly, Korean-Russian and Russian-Japanese fisheries relations were formed on the basis of the EEZ regime, since 1992 and 1977 respectively, and are expected to maintain mutually beneficial cooperative character. As for Korean-Chinese-Japanese fisheries relations, the operational problems of overlapping zones, and problem of the permits for EEZ mutual access should be solved on the basis of the principle of reciprocity and equity rather than unilaterally from any side.

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1965년 한(韓)-일(日)어업협정(漁業協定)의 법적(法的)·역사적(歷史的) 검토(評價) (Legal and Historical Evaluation on the Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement of 1965)

  • 최종화
    • 수산해양교육연구
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.150-183
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    • 1999
  • Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement concluded in 1965 made a contribution to the stable development of fisheries relationship for both countries until the year of 1980. From the time on thereafter a series of respectable fishery disputes occurred throughout the period of fisheries self-regulation in accordance with alteration of home and abroad conditions. And both countries marched into a cooperation era by enforcement of the new fisheries agreement from the 23 January 1999, because the Fisheries Agreement system of 1965 had many limitations to settle the fundamental fisheries problems. In this paper, the author carried out the legal interpretation, arrangement of historical facts and evaluation of actual results of the Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement of 1965. The key contents of the Fisheries Agreement were the establishment of 12-nautical mile exclusive fishery zone and the joint-control fishery zone under the principles of maintenance of MSY for fishery resources, freedom of high seas and mutual cooperation. The legal foundation of the conclusion of the Fisheries Agreement were the San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1952 and the four International Conventions on the Law of the Sea of 1958. During the 33 years, the fisheries power of Korea made a rapid stride, on the other hand that of Japan was almost stagnated. And in the meantime, there were very important development on the international law of the sea, for instant, the settlement of 12-nautical mile territorial sea regime and the establishment of 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone regime. Annual meetings of the Joint Fisheries Committee were not successful to fill the role for conservation of fishery resources. The Fisheries Self-Regulation Agreement concluded in 1980 was also insufficient to accept the new international regime on the law of the sea, for that reason it was terminated on 23 January 1999. But it is true that the Fisheries Agreement of 1965 made a contribution to normalization of fisheries relationship between both countries and fisheries development of Korea.

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우리 나라 해양생산 및 관리 현황과 발전방향에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Status and Prospect of the Marine Production and Resource Management in Korea)

  • 양용림;이주희;이춘우;장창익;신현옥
    • 수산해양교육연구
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.98-121
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    • 2000
  • The Korean fishery encountered a difficulty situation, due to the new regime of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the decreasing fisheries resources in Korean waters. In addition, the coastal areas are deteriorated by industrial wastes, sewage, farming wastes and pollution from aquaculture. In this situation, it is necessary to study the TAC (total allowable catch) - based management system, the development of fishing gears and appropriate fishing methods for stock conservation, and the automation system of fishing gears for improving the efficiency of fisheries. The objective of this study is to look for an appropriate system in marine production and resource management under the new UNCLOS (United National Convention for the Law of the Sea) regime for subjects in fishing gears and methods, production system, and information, and fisheries resources management. The results of this study could be used as scientific information to maintain and develop the Korean fisheries and to establish fisheries policy for the management of fisheries resources in Korean waters.

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한일 어업질서의 이행 실태와 어업관계의 개선 과제 (A Study on the Transition Situation of Korean-Japan Fisheries Agreement and Improvement Issue of Bilateral Fisheries Relations)

  • 김대영
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.31-45
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    • 2016
  • This study aims to evaluate the status of implementation of bilateral-fishery order since the Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement came into effect in 1999 in order to improve fisheries relationships between two countries. The agreement regulates bilateral-fishery order by the principle of the EEZ regime and mutual benefits among countries. (e.g. the mutual agreed fishing in EEZ and cooperation for resource management). However, the Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement has some limitations such as reducing quotas of the mutual agreed fishing in EEZ, strengthening Japanese fisheries regulation, insufficient cooperation for fisheries management and joint countermeasures. In order to improve fisheries relationships between the two countries, it is imperative to rebalance quotas for the mutual agreed fishing in EEZ, to establish effective resource management systems in the Intermediate zone, to invigorate fisheries cooperation in the private sector, and to introduce new management systems by species over the all waters around East Asia. To accomplish such measures, it is necessary for Korean and Japanese governments to improve fisheries relationships based on trust and cooperation, achieving a win-win situation. Additionally, it is required to incorporate fisheries management among Korea, China, and Japan.

신해양질서 10년후 세계어업자원 이용동향 (The Exploitation of World Fishery Resources for 10 Years under the New Regime in the Sea)

  • 이장욱;허영희
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.43-87
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    • 1992
  • In this paper, state of exploitation of world fishery resources after 10 years under the new regime in the sea, called the era of exclusive economic zone (EEZ) expending up to a 200 nautical miles from coastal line, was reviewed to determine effect from establishing EEZ in the world fishery production and its export/import volume based on the fishery statistics annually published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of United Nation. The world total production from marine living resources had a trend showing a waned increase during 1970's when most of coastal states were translated into the reality of EEZ. From mid-1980's onwards, it increased rapidly, reaching about 85 million tons . Such increase in production was basically from the Pacific Ocean, accounting for more than 60% of the world total production. Fishing areas where showed increase in the production after the new regime in the sea were the southwestern Atlantic (FAO area 41) , the eastern Indian (FAO area 57) and the whole fishing areas in the Pacific except the eastern central Pacific (FAO area 77). Increase in the production from distant-water fishing countries came from the regions of the southwest Atlantic (FAO area 41) and the southwest Pacific (FAO area 81) . The production from coastal states was up from the regions of the eastern Indian (FAO area 57) , the northwest and northeast Pacific (FAO areas 61 and 67) and the southeast Pacific (FAO area 87) . It was likely that the exploitation of the fishable stocks was well monitored in the areas of the northwest Atlantic (FAO area 21) , the eastern central Atlantic (FAO area 34) and the northeast Pacific (FAO area 67) through appropriate management measures such as annual harvest level, establishment of total allowable catch etc. The marine fisheries resources that have made contribution to the world production, despite expansion of 200 EEZ by coastal states, were sardinellas, Atlantic cod, blue whiting and squids in the Atlantic Ocean : tunas which mainly include skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye tuna, croakers and pony fishes in the Indian Ocean : and sardine, Chilean pilchard, Alaska pollock, tunas (skipjack and yellowfin tuna) , blue grenadier and blue whiting including anchoveta in the Pacific Ocean. It was identified that both fishery production and its export since introduction of the new regime in the sea were dominated by such coastal states as USA, Canada, Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, South Africa and Newzealand. But difficulties have been experienced in the European countries including Norway, Spain, Japan and Rep. of Korea. Therefore, majority of coastal states are unlikely to have yet undertaken proper utilization as well as rational management of marine living resources in their jurisdiction during the last two decades. The main target species groups which led the world fishery production to go up were Alaska pollock, cods, tunas, sardinellas, chub and jack mackerel and anchoveta. These stocks are largely expected to continue to contribute to the production. The fisheries resources which are unexploited, underexploited and/or lightly exploited at present and which will be contributed to the world production in future are identified with cephalopods, Pacific jack mackerel and Atlantic mackerel, silver hake including anchovies. These resources mainly distribute in the Pacific regions, especially FAO statistical fishing areas 67, 77 and 87. It was likely to premature to conclude that the new regime in the sea was only in favour of coastal states in fishey production.

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CHALLENGES FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM FOR STOCK ASSESSMENT SCIENTISTS

  • Sakagawa, Gary T.
    • 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국어업기술학회 2000년도 춘계수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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    • pp.327-327
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    • 2000
  • In the 1990's several economically important marine fisheries collapsed or showed signs of extreme hardship owing to overcapitalization and excessive fishing pressure on the resources. Public concern was raised and demands voiced for more prudent fishery management practices. The United Nations responded and developed international guidelines, such as the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing and the UN Straddling Fish Socks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks Agreement These guidelines task fishery managers to take prudent steps to ensure the long-term viability of fisheries and fishery resources. Included in the guidelines are two particular demands that will challenge stock assessment scientists in the new millennium. They are application of the precautionary approach and the inclusion of ecological considerations in assessments and management advice. High-lighted in the presentation are examples from the central-western Pacifi skipjack tuna fishery and the eastern Pacific thresher shark fishery where insufficien information is affecting stock assessments. The shortcomings are further linked t the new challenges of applying the precautionary approach, such as reference points, and ecological considerations, such as predator-prey and oceanographic-regime shift.(omitted)

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황해(黃海)와 동중국해어장(東中國海漁場)의 수산자원(水産資源) 보존관리(保存管理)에 관한 해양법문제(海洋法問題) (Law of the Sea Problems on Fishery Resources Conservation and Management in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea)

  • 이병기;최종화
    • 수산해양교육연구
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.77-91
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    • 1994
  • The Yellow Sea and the East China Sea are the most important fishing grounds for the fishing industry of Korea, China and Japan which are major coastal states of these Seas. But the fishery resources in these fishing grounds are almost exhausted and also the sea region is seriously polluted. Accordingly an international joint countermeasure is necessary to recover the fishery resources and to keep the fishery a continuous industry. The authors inspected the existing fishery policies and international fishery relationship of the three coastal states, and suggested rational conservation and management regime of the fishery resources in these sea regions. 1. At present the legal status of the sea region beyond territorial sea is the high sea, for that reason the international cooperation is urgently needed to establish common regime for conservation and management of the fishery resources. 2. A series of scientific research on ecological system of fishery resources must be carried out in the sea region first of all for that purpose. 3. The existing Korea-Japanese Fishery Agreement and Sino-Japanese Fishery Agreement should be reformed to coincide with the new legal order of the UNLOS Convention, and the Sino-Korean Fishery Agreement should be concluded newly on the identical line. 4. As a conclusion, a joint conservation and management regime through a regional fishery organization or a individual conservation and management regime through the promulgation of exclusive economic zone by each state can be suggested to resolve the fishery resources conservation problem in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.

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동해에 있어서 한국과 일본 오징어채낚기어업의 재편방향 (Reorganization of the International Fisheries Regime in the East Sea - Case by Korea and Japan Squid Angling Fisheries -)

  • 김대영
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.51-72
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    • 2001
  • This study intends to review the development of Squid Angling Fisheries of Korea and Japan and subsequent changes in the fisheries regime as well as management conditions and to examine reorganization directions. Although catches and productivity are all increasing in Korea and Japan as the squid resource in the East Sea is improving, the number of fishing vessels and the conditions of fisheries management are showing a symmetrical relationship. The former is increasing in Korea and decreasing in Japan while the latter is aggravating in Korea and rather stable in Japan. And while the competition between the two countries for more fishing grounds and catches are not that serious since the resource is relatively increasing, the catch and price competition with other domestic fisheries is a more significant problem. Furthermore, even though light restriction is implemented in both countries in order to suppress over-competition, it is adopted as a means to curtail management costs and block over-investment rather than to adjust international or inter-fisheries circumstances. Japan has been implementing the TAC system on squid resources since 1998. However, it has a different meaning than as a resource management method in its original sense because it is based on the highest catch level of the past and takes into consideration the fishermen's management conditions. In case of Korea, it is necessary to establish a plan to strengthen its fisheries management competence to address its shrinking catch in the Japanese waters. The developments mentioned so far have appeared amidst the increase of squid resources, and if such conditions disappear, problems such as international allocation of catches and fishing seasons, access to fishing grounds, and domestic conflicts among different fisheries will emerge.

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