• 제목/요약/키워드: Never Married

검색결과 74건 처리시간 0.022초

부재의 연극성-『조식 전』에서 남성 정체성과 오닐의 자기반영 (Theatricality of Absence: Male Identity and O'Neill's Self-reflection in Before Breakfast)

  • 박정만
    • 영어영문학
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    • 제58권2호
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    • pp.249-277
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    • 2012
  • Eugene O'Neill's one-act play Before Breakfast (1916) depicts a morning scene of a married couple who live in a slovenly flat at Greenwich Village. There is no apparent dramatic action occurring in the play. Instead, the play is full of Mrs. Rowland's incessant complaints about her husband Alfred's loafing around bars with artists friends, neglecting his role as breadwinner. An irony is that every morning she prepares breakfast for the good-for-nothing husband even in the moment of complaining. It is worth noting that Alfred is an 'unseen character' who is never directly observed by the audience but is only described by her wife. Deprived of all chances to speak and present himself on stage, he is kept in the room throughout the play. In contrast, Mrs. Rowland dominates the stage, monopolizing language and action. The audience has to listen to her, judge from her statements, and take her one-sided complaints. The accused husband, with zero chance of showing up and defending himself, has no choice but to be the sinner as the wife intends. Another irony is that the audience's feeling about the situation is quite different from what is expected. The wife's complaints are regarded to be unfair and groundless in the reason that the situation is monopolized by her. In case of the husband, in contrast, the loss of voice and presence stresses the injustice of his dead-lock situation. In other words, the 'absent' quality of Alfred works to evoke the audience's sympathy for himself and subsequently makes his presence recognized, not visually but emotionally, by the audience throughout the play. Discovered in this paradoxical moment where the spectators understand or 'see' the status of the unseen and the devoiced message is successfully conveyed to the listeners, is the theatricality of absence. Adding to the function as theatrical device, the 'unseen character' Alfred works as a device of self-reflection to mirror the author's own life. Alfred, the alter-ego of O'Neill, effectively exorcises the author's life-long feeling of guilty as the unfaithful husband and father in the unhappy first marriage, successfully evoking the audience's sympathy for himself.

치과위생사의 근무분야별 근무환경에 관한 연구 (A Study on Working Environment of Dental Hygienists by Their Work Division)

  • 문희정;장미화;신명숙
    • 치위생과학회지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.37-47
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구는 임상분야와 공중구강보건분야에서 활동하는 치과위생사를 대상으로 근무분야별 근무환경을 조사분석함으로써 구강보건전문인력의 효율적인 활용과 향후 치과위생사의 보다 나은 근무환경을 위한 기초자료로 제공하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 1. 조사대상자의 인구사회학적 특성에서는 임상분야 근무자에 비해 보건분야 근무자가 연령 및 근무경력이 높고 기혼인 경우가 많으며 고학력자의 비율도 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 2. 근무일수 및 근무시간에서는 보건분야에 근무하는 치과위생사는 5일(95.8%), 임상분야에서는 6일(70.3%)인 것으로 조사되어 임상분야에서의 근무일수가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 3. 정기휴가 일수는 보건분야에서는 11~20일, 임상분야에서는 1~3일이 가장 높게 나타나 임상분야와 보건분야에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 4. 임금지급방식은 보건분야에서는 월급으로 지급되는 경우가 89.4%였고, 임상분야에서는 연봉으로 지급되는 경우가 65.4%였다. 5. 연수관련사항으로는 국내 및 해외 연수기회가 없는 경우가 63.5%였고, 연수참가비 주체에 대해서는 근무기관에서 지원되는 경우가 54.0%였다. 6. 기혼자의 복지 환경에서는 취업기회 차별이 없는 경우가 85.5%였고, 출산휴가유무에서는 출산휴가가 있다고 응답한 비율이 69.2%였으며, 출산휴가기간은 3개월이 74.8%로 나타났다. 7. 이직관련 사항으로는 이직경험이 있는 경우가 46.8%(보건 53.8%, 임상 45.8%), 없는 경우가 53.2%(보건 46.2%, 임상 54.2%)로 나타나 임상분야 근무자보다 보건분야 근무자에서 이직경험이 다소 높았다. 이직횟수는 1회 이직이50.8%로 가장 높았고, 보건분야와 임상분야에서 비슷한 분포를 보였다. 이직사유는 급여 및 근무조건의 이유가 29.2%로 가장 높게 나타났다.

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말기암환자 가족간병인의 미충족 의료 분석 (Unmet Medical Service Needs in Family Caregivers of Terminal Cancer Patients)

  • 신웅재;황선욱;황인철;최윤선;이용주;김영성;신지성;최영호;임다원;김한숙
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.163-169
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    • 2016
  • 목적: 말기암환자들에게 간병인의 미충족 의료는 매우 중요하지만 간병인들이 필요로 하는 통증 조절, 삶의 질 보조, 가족간의 문제, 심리 사회적 문제, 자택 요양, 세심한 돌봄, 보완 대체 의학 같은 건강의 질을 유지할 수 있게 하는 관리 정보를 간병인에게 전부 제공하기에는 한계가 있고, 이와 관련된 연구는 아직 부족한 상태이다. 이번 연구를 통해 간병인의 특성과 미충족 의료를 밝히고, 특성에 따른 미충족 의료가 어떻게 다른지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 설문조사는 4개 호스피스 완화의료 병동에 입원한 말기암환자의 가족간병인 109명을 대상으로 시행되었다. 자료는 2014년 3월 1일부터 2014년 12월 31일까지 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 수집되었다. 기존의 설문지를 수정하여 삶의 질 향상에 필요할 것으로 생각되는 14개 항목에 관해 필요성과 충족도를 알아보았다. 또, 통계는 단변량 분석으로 카이제곱 검정을, 다변량 분석으로 이중 회귀 분석을 사용하였다. 결과: 보완대체요법 및 건강기능식품 상담, 성기능 상담, 암 검진, 가족 및 대인관계 상담, 보험 상담, 직업 상담, 경제적 지원 등 7개의 항목에서 의미 있는 결과가 나타났다. 말기암환자의 가족간병인의 삶의 질 향상과 관련된 요구 중 충족도가 미충족도보다 더 높은 요구는 14개 중 피로 관리, 건강 체중 관리 2개였다. 결론: 본 연구 결과를 통하여, 말기암환자의 가족간병인의 미충족 의료를 이해하고 미충족 원인과 효과적인 중재방안에 대한 연구를 통해 요구를 충족시킬 수 있는 방안을 마련할 것을 제안한다.

근로자의 산업보건 지식과 태도에 관한 조사연구 (A Survey on the Knowledge and Attitude of Workers Concerning Occupational Health)

  • 박영식;조수열;남철현
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.3-18
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    • 1992
  • This research was carried out on 1,017 production workers for four months from May to August, 1991, to search more effective management method of their health by grasping their knowledge and attitude on industrial health. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. As for general characteristics, 74.2% were male and 25.8% were female among the 1,017 workers. The two largest age groups were 30~39, 38.7%. As for education level, graduation from high school was 58.6%, 61.2% were married, 35.9% owned their house, and workers who worked more than 1 year less than 5 years was 52.9%, workers who worked 8 hours a day was 46.7%, the largest group income level was 60~69 thousand won 21.2%, and the degree of satisfaction with work was ordinary, 45.6%. 2. The degree of recognition concerning occupational diseases was 92.5% at a very high rate. Causes of occupational diseases under the present work field were in order of noise, dust, heavy metal. The largest group of the counterplan for prevention was an improvement of working environment, 62.0%. 3. The major cause that threatens worker's health was poor working environment, 31.4%. As the best method for workers' health management, working environment management was pointed. 4. As for health examination result, the response that it is of use to health management was 53.8%. As for examination method and result, 42.7% responded that they are formal. The practice period was more than once every six months as the largest group, and the highest desire for improvement was that they wants an exact information of the result. 5. 49.3% of the respondents know about the measurement of working environment an the response that the measurement is necessary to improve working environment was 57.9%, and that the results from the measurement were reflected on improvement an management 57.5%. Appropriate period to take a measurement was more than once per six months, 40.2% and per three months, 29.1%. 6. As for safety and halth instruction, 34.5% were educated for both, 38.2% for only safety education and just 4.6% for only health education. 51.9% responded that they had never been educated out of work place. The period of its practice was more than once a month, 39.5% and every three months, 21.3%. 7. The importance of safety and health showed that the one is equal to the other, 59.8%, that the one is more important, 29.6%, and that other is more important, 7.6%. 67.7% said the necessity of a safety and health manager. 8. In spite of more or less health obstacle of work environment, 14.9% of the respondents wanted to overwork to gain an allowance for over-time work, 39.9% didn't, and 40.2% according to condition and state. 9. As the most important cause of industrial accident, 40.2% indicated unsafe behavior. As for the individual protective instrument, 66.1% of all the respondents said they have worn it to protect industrial diseases. 10. As for the degree of understanding of the contents in Industrial Safety and Health Law and Industrial Law of Accident Insurance, an affirmative response was respectively 49.3% and 50.8% and the sources of safety-health information were televisions and radios, 28.0%. Therefore, it is necessary that we do positive working environmental improvement, continuous management and health education's inforcement to increase their health and prevent occupational diseases.

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