• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2010.08a
• /
• pp.174-174
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 IBS(Ion Beam Sputter) 증착방법으로 Cr2O3, Ta2O5 타겟을 이용하여 single layer 산화물 박막을 제작하였다. IBS 박막 증착 시 발생하는 전하의 영향을 상쇄시키기 위하여 neutralizer를 사용하였다. 증착 시 기판을 si, quartz, 그리고 sapphire로 변화시켜 각 기판위에 증착한 산화물 박막에 대한 특성평가를 하였으며, 증착 전 기판 cleaning방법에 따른 변화도 같이 관찰하였다. 증착된 박막의 두께, 거칠기, 밀도 등을 평가하기 위해 XRR(X-ray Reflectometer)을 이용하여 살펴보았다. 기판, 박막두께, cleaning 등의 조건을 변화시켜 여러 종류의 박막을 만들었다. Sapphire 기판에 증착한 박막은 XRR 그래프의 변화가 생겼는데 cleaning과 곡률반경에 의한 영향임을 확인하였다. 다른 종류의 기판에서도 같은 현상이 있을 것으로 예상되고, 이런 영향은 IBS로 증착되는 산화물박막을 분석하는 데에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.689-693
• /
• 2005

Different masking materials were evaluated for their ability to ameliorate odor of model poultry manure solution by assessing their effects on sensory pleasantness and odor intensity. Results indicated extracts from Eastern red cedar leaves, Loblolly pine needles', and commercial masking agents such as pine extract and odor neutralizer were effective (p<0.05) for masking odor of model poultry manure solution by increasing (p<0.05) pleasantness (82 and 86% increases in pleasantness using red cedar and pine needle extracts, respectively) and decreasing (p<0.05) odor intensity (odor intensity reduction by 66 and 76% using red cedar pine needle extract). The most odor-active compound in Loblolly pine needle extract was ${\alpha}$-terpineol (1,573.8 ug/g) which is responsible for aroma of pine trees (piney) and effective for ameliorating agricultural odors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2011.02a
• /
• pp.82-82
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 이온빔 스퍼터링 방법으로 증착한 Cr2O3, Ta2O5, HfO2 산화물박막의 구조적 특성변화를 관찰하였다. 금속박막에서 표면이 산화되는 문제를 해결하기위하여 산화물 박막을 증착시켰다. 이온빔 스퍼터링으로 박막 증착 시 산화물 타겟을 사용할 때 발생되는 전하의 영향을 상쇄하기 위하여 neutralizer를 사용하였다. 박막 증착 후 XRR (X-ray Reflectometer)을 이용하여 박막의 두께, 거칠기 및 밀도를 확인하였으며, AFM (Atomic Force MicroScope)을 통하여 증착한 박막표면 거칠기 측정을 하여 XRR로 얻은 데이터와 비교하여 살펴보았다. 또한 XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy)측정을 통해 제조된 박막의 화학적 결합상태를 확인하였다. 여러 가지 조건변화와 기판의 차이에 따라 제작된 산화물 박막 중 실리콘 기판을 사용하여 증착시킨 박막은 XRR측정시 반사율 곡선에서 자연 산화막에 의한 영향이 나타났다. 반면 glass나 sapphire에 증착시킨 산화물 박막은 실리콘기판에서 나타난 자연 산화막의 영향을 받지 않음을 확인하였다. 기판과 산화물 박막사이에 계면층에 나타나는 영향을 최소화시킴으로써 양질의 박막을 제작할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.479-483
• /
• 2018

Our group reported the thermal decomposition of R-22 ($CHClF_2$) refrigerants by nitrogen thermal plasma in previous studies. However, it was proposed that the wastewater generated from the end part of the process contains high concentration of fluoride ion which is a component of R-22. The additional post-treatment process to neutralize the $F^-$ ions in the wastewater was investigated in this study. The wastewater generated through the decomposition of R-22 with the same procedure in the previous work was treated using the neutralizer, $Ca(OH)_2$, and the atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) independently as a post-treatment process. Wastewater samples were collected directly after the treatment for ion-chromatography analysis to trace the change of the concentration of $F^-$ ion in the wastewater. The fluoride concentration in the wastewater showed the highest value when the single water was used as a neutralizer, and the concentration of fluoride in the wastewater was dramatically reduced when the post-treatments were performed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.811-823
• /
• 2009

Seawater desalination process using a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane has been considered as one of the most promising technologies in solving the water scarcity problems in many arid regions around the world. To protect RO membrane in the process, a thorough understanding of the pretreatment process is particularly needed. Seawater organic matters (SWOMs) may form a gel layer on the membrane surface, which will increase a concentration polarization. As the SWOMs can be utilized as a substrate, membrane biofouling will be progressed on the RO membrane surface, resulting in the flux decline and increase of trans-membrane pressure drop and salt passage. In the middle of disinfection, an optimal chlorine dosage and neutralizer (sodium bisulfite, SBS) should be practiced to prevent oxidizing the surface of RO membranes. Additional fundamental research including novel non-susceptible biofouling membranes would be necessary to provide a guide line for the proper pretreatment process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.38-47
• /
• 1995

This study was carried out in order to provide basic information on neutralization processes of acid mine drainage (AMD) from the abandoned Donghae coal mine in the Samchuk coalfield. The contents of potentially toxic elements in stream water increase and the level of pH decreases during dry season. Hydrated lime is turned out to be the best neutralizer of the acid mine water from a technical and economic viewpoint. From the results of equilibrium calculation, Fe and Al could be precipitated as FeOOH, and Al(OH)$_3$, respectively, in the neutralization process. The sites of holding basins necessary to equalize quantity and quality of AMD are recommended by GIS analysis, and the capacities of holding basins are determined by hydrological calculation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.719-720
• /
• 2004

A multi-megawatt long pulse ion source (LPIS) of neutral beam injector was developed for the KSTAR. Beam extraction experiments of the LPIS were carried out at the neutral beam test stand (NBTS). Design requirements for the ion source were 120 kV/65 A deuterium beam and a 300 s pulse length. A maximum ion density of $9.1310^{11}$ $cm^{-3}$ was measured by using electric probes, and an optimum arc efficiency of 0.46 A/kW was estimated with ion saturation current of the probes, arc power, and total beam area. An arcing problem, caused by the structural defect of decelerating grid supporter, in the third gap was solved by the blocking of backstream ion particles, originated from the plasma in the neutralizer duct, through the unnecessary spaces on the side of grid supporter. A maximum drain power of 1.5 MW (i.e. 70 kV/21 A) with hydrogen was measured for a pulse duration of 0.5 s. Optimum beam perveance was ranged from 0.75 to 0.85. An improved design of accelerator for the effective control of beam particle trajectory should provide higher beam perveance.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.355-358
• /
• 2003

본 연구에서는 차세대 초전도 핵융합장치(KSTAR)의 가열장치인 중성입자입사장치(NBI : Neutral Beam Injection) 시스템 중 휨 전자석(Bending magnet)의 중요한 파라메타인 전류에 따른 온도상승값과 B-field의 측정을 행하고 그 결과를 나타내었다. 휨 전자석(Bending magnet)은 중성입자입사장치(NBI) 시스템 중 중성화장치(Neutralizer) 후단에 설치되어, 미처 중성화되지 못한 이온들의 케도를 변경시켜 중성입자와 분리되도록 한 후 이온덤프에서 이들 이온들의 에너지가 흡수될 수 있도록 하는 역할을 한다. 사용전원은 15[V], 1200[A]의 가변전원을 사용하였고 전류값 변화에따른 온도상승값은 thermo couple 신호선을 이용하여 측정하였으며, B-field는 3차원 Gaussmeter를 이용하여 측정을 행하였다. 측정된 결과들은 설계시의 값과 비교분석을 행하여 오차를 줄여나가고자 하였고 향후 NBI 주 진공용기에 장착하여 중성입자입사장치의 개발 수행을 행하게 될 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.42-46
• /
• 2008

Ionizers are essential in various areas of manufacturing industries to protect electrostatic hazards and to reduce inferior products. For ion sources used in the charge neutralizers, there are corona discharge, soft X-ray, ultraviolet and glow discharge. Glow discharge has lots of attractive properties, such as lower discharge sustaining voltage, no generation of ozone, and so on. In this paper, we did an experimental study to trace the mechanism and stabilization of atmospheric pressure glow discharge using the several size and shape of electrodes. As an experimental result, to sustain conditions of atmospheric pressure glow discharge is that discharge voltage is 360V, discharge current is 12mA, apply frequency is 1kHz between electrodes when positive electrode is molybdenum(Mo) and negative electrode is copper(Cu). We confirmed that the mechanism and stabilization of atmospheric glow discharge is deeply concerned with the shape and material of electrode for discharge. Especially, glow discharge in atmospheric pressure was well generated and sustained according with the physical properties used electrode materials, example melting point, thermal conductivity, and etc.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.399-406
• /
• 1999

Polyurethane (PU) prepolymers were synthesized from polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and isophoron diisocyanate (IPDI). After chain extention using dimethyol propionic acid (DMPA), aqueous polyurethane anionomers were prepared from triethyl amine (TEA) as a neutralizer. The effect of the content of chain extender and the degree of neutralization on the state of emulsification, adhesive strength, viscosity, glass transition temperature and physical properties of emulsion cast film were investigated using UTM, Viscometer and DSC.