• 한국동물학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.69-76
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• 1969

1. 10種染料 (neutral red, toluidine blue, pyronin, methylene blue, alcian blue, trypan blue, carmine, orange G, aniline blue, Janus green B, and India ink)로 處理된 흰쥐의 腹腔內細胞 特히 肥滿細胞의 식作用 및 複屈折性의 有無를 位相差顯微鏡法 및 偏光顯微鏡法으로 分析하였으며 附隨的으로 cytomorphic change 도 觀察하였다. 2. 腹腔內 肥滿細胞는 大部分 染料에 對하여 아무런 식作用을 보이지 않았으며 India ink 群에서 輕微한 식作用을 보였다. 大식細胞와 各種 白血球는 大體로 旺盛한 식作用을 나타내었다. 3. 腹腔內 肥滿細胞는 大部分의 染料를 處理하여도 아무런 複屈折性을 보이지 않았으며 trypan blue 와 aniline blue 處理群에서 매우 輕微한 反應을 보였을 뿐이었으며 白血球는 全然 反應을 보이지 않았다. 4. 各種染料에 對한 肥滿細胞의 細胞形態學的 反應은 一定하지 않았으며 大體로 輕微한 變化를 일으켰다. 白血球의 同染料에 對한 反應은 特히 trypan blue, orange G, India ink群에 서 顯著하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.539-545
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• 2021

Background: Red ginseng polysaccharides (RGPs) have been acknowledged for their outstanding immunomodulation and anti-tumor activities. However, their studies are still limited by the complexity of their structural features, the absence of purification and enrichment methods, and the rarity of the analytical instruments that apply to the analysis of such macromolecules. Thus, this study is an attempt to establish a new mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis procedure for RGPs. Methods: Saponin pre-excluded powder of RG (RG-SPEP, 10 mg) was treated with 200 µL of distilled water and centrifuged for 5 h at 1000 rpm and 85 ℃. Ethanol-based precipitation and centrifugation were applied to obtain RGPs from the heated extracts. Further, endo-carbohydrase treatments were performed to produce specific saccharide fragments. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) processes were implemented to purify and enrich the enzyme-treated RGPs, while matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) MS was employed for the partial structural analysis of the obtained RGPs. Results: Utilizing cellulase, porous graphitized carbon (PGC), hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, the neutral and acidic RGPs were qualitatively analyzed. Hex_n and Hex_n-18 (cellulose analogs) were determined to be novel neutral RGPs. Additionally, the [Unknown + Hex_n] species were also determined as new acidic RGPs. Furthermore, HexA_n (H) was determined as another form of the acidic RGPs. Conclusion: Compared to the previous methods of analysis, these unprecedented applications of HILIC-SPE and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS to analyze RGPs proved to be fairly effective for fractionating and detecting neutral and acidic components. This new procedure exhibits great potential as a specific tool for searching and determining various polysaccharides in many herbal medicines.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 1982

The effect of red ginseng residue on the several enzyme activities of the koji and alcohol fermentation were investigated. The koji showed maximum values of amylase and cellulase activity when it was prepared by 30% red ginseng residue and 70% wheat bran, and of protease activity when it was prepared by 40% red ginseng residue and 60% wheat bran-${\alpha}$ amylase activity of the koji during its fermentation was increased rapidly until 4 days and there after it was increased slowly, but ${\beta}$-amylase was rapidly increased after 3 days fermentation. During the preparation of the koji, the acidic, neutral protease and cellulase activities showed the maximum value after 3 days fermentation and the alkaline protease showed the maximum value within 4-6 days fermentation. On the otherhand, fermented broth, containing 6%(v/v) alcohol, could be obtained when the substrate was saccharified by the koji, based on 25% red ginseng residue and 75% wheat bran, prior to alcohol fermentation.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.519-528
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in lipid components of red pepper under various processing conditions such as drying, exposing to lights, extraction and storage conditions. The material used in this study were Chungyang cultivars which contained the largest amount of capsaicinoids and Dabok cultivars which is most popular among the various cultivars produced in Korea. Total lipid content of Chungyang was 15.7% and those of Dabok, Udeungsang and Hongilpum were about 17%. The neutral lipid content in free lipid of red pepper was $78.5{\sim}80.3%$ Phospholipid and glycolipid content in bound lipid were $53.8{\sim}56.9%$ and $35.3{\sim}38.7%$ respectively. The major fatty acids of lipid were linoleic, palmitic and oleic acid. Linoleic acid was presented mainly in pericarp, seed and placenta, whereas the most of palmitic acid was presented in stem. Lipid content of cut and whole red pepper were decreased $24.7{\sim}28%$ and $18.1{\sim}21.5%$ by drying for 48hrs at $65^{\circ}C$ and $95^{\circ}C$. And lipid content was also decreased $3.5{\sim}3.6%$ when the red pepper powder was exposed to 15,000 lux of incandescent light for 30 days at $40^{\circ}C$ and $4{\sim}4.9%$ to fluorescent light. The lipid was extracted the highest content of $50.5{\sim}51.7%$ by acid solution(pH2) and the lowest content by neutral solution, and the higher the salt concentration, the greater the lipid was extracted. During storage at $4^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;40^{\circ}C$, for 30 days the lipid content was not much changed but linoleic acid content was decreased during storage at the same conditions.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2014

본 연구는 5가지 제품농약을 이용하여 어류 급성독성시험 결과 (반수치사농도)와 잉어의 표피에서 유래된 EPC 세포를 이용한 neutral red uptake 결과 (반수저해농도)를 비교함으로써 동물 실험의 대체 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 어류 급성 독성시험은 왜몰개 (Aphyocypris chinensis)를 포함하여 OECD와 농촌진흥청의 농약에 대한 독성시험기준에서 추천하는 어종인 송사리 (Oryzias latipes)와 잉어 (Cyprinus carpio)를 이용하여 수행하였다. 5가지 제품 농약에 대한 민감도는 어류에 비하여 세포에서 약 10배 더 낮게 확인되었지만, 독성을 서열화 하였을 때 나타나는 순서는 두 가지 방식에서 모두 비슷하게 나타났다. 5가지 제품 농약에 대한 세포와 어류 독성값의 상관성을 분석한 결과는 A. chinensis, O. latipes와 C. carpio에서 각각 $r^2=0.38$ (p = 0.26), $r^2=0.76$ (p = 0.05), $r^2=0.90$ (p = 0.01)을 나타내었다. 본 시험의 결과, EPC 세포를 이용한 NRU 시험은 O. latipes와C. carpio에 대한 어류 독성시험 결과와 상관성이 높으므로 향후 더 많은 약제시험을 통해 어류 급성독성시험의 대체시험법으로서의 가능성이 기대된다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.631-643
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to compare, according to tone variation of a red jacket, the preference of female college students from Korea and the U.S. for coloration in the traditional Korean dress. The results of the research can be summarized as follows: As to a vivid skirt according to tone variation of red jacket, students of both countries showed the different view in the preference for coloration of vivid red skirt and vivid. dark red jacket, and vivid orange skirt and dull red jacket, and vivid yellow skirt and light dull red jacket, and vivid violet skirt and dull red jacket. As to the light skirt according to tone variation of red jacket, student of both countries showed the different view in the preference for coloration of light red skirt and light red jacket, and light orange skirt and light red jacket. As to the dull skirt according to tone variation of red jacket, student of both countries showed the different view in the preference for coloration of dull red skirt and vivid light dull dark red jacket, and dull yellow skirt and light dull red jacket, and dull yellow skirt and light dull red jacket, and dull green skirt and dull red jacket, and dull violet skirt and vivid light dull dark red jacket. As to the dark skirt according to tone variation of red jacket, student of both countries showed the different view in the preference for coloration of dark red skirt and dull dark red jacket, and dark orange skirt and vivid light dull red jacket, and dark yellow skirt and dull red jacket. As to the neutral skirt according to tone variation of red jacket, student of both countries showed the different view in the preference for coloration of white skirt and vivid red jacket, and dark gray skirt and light red jacket.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
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• pp.160-167
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• 1998

Chemical studies of nitrogen compounds of Panax ginseng seem relatively rare, Probably due to the isolation difficulties, subsequently the investigations of biological activities are little. The experimental conditions were established for highly complete extraction of peptides (basic, acidic and neutral) from Panax ginseng. This task was achieved by applying the follow isolation procedure: 1 , the sequential extraction with water, 0.1% TFA in 20% acetonitril and buffer pH 6.5 (water-pyridine-acetic acid 100:3:900) : 2, fractionation by ultrafiltration : 3, n-butanol extraction 4, cation- and anion-exchange chromatography : 5, chromato-electrophoresis. The comparison of red ginseng (xylem Sl pith part) and red ginseng inside white (xylem Sc pith part) was also provided. To analyze the peptide mixture the chromato-electrophoresis method of separation was applied. Optimal conditions for peptides mapping of sample were explored. Our experiments revealed the quantitative difference of peptide between xylem & pith and phloem & cortex part. We have also found the qualitative difference in the composition of polypeptides between normal red ginseng (xylem Sc pith part) and red ginseng inside-white (xylem St pith part)

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.260-266
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• 1995

Fifteen free fatty acids including myristic acid were isolated and identified from red ginseng processed from CA and MA stored fresh ginseng. Linoleic acid (80%) and palmitic acid (10.5%) content were the major components accounting for more than 90% of the total free fatty acid. The contents of free and identified fatty acids were not greatly changed in all the treatments. Especially when preservative was treated, the change of free fatty acid was quite stable over the control. Each fraction of neutral, glyco- and phospholipid was constant in terms of quantities before and after the treatment. Key words Controlled atmosphere, modified atmosphere, fresh ginseng, red ginseng, fatty acid.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2000년도 NEW STRATEGY FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN POST-GENOMIC ERA(대한약학회)
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• pp.194.2-195
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• 2000

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2010

수용액에서 Neutral red5 (BR 5)의 흡착을 조사하였다. $250^{\circ}C$에서 2시간동안 소각한 제지 슬러지로부터 새로운 고형 흡착제를 제조하였다. 제조된 폐수로부터 RB5 염료를 제거하기 위해 배치 시스템으로 실험을 수행한 결과, 상온 pH 5조건에서 80분동안 최대 374.98 mg/g 의 흡착을 보였다. 높은 회귀계수(regression coefficient $R^2$)와 함께 The Freundlich isotherm이 실험값과 잘 부합하였다.