• PNF and Movement
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.341-349
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the muscle activity of the hip abductors and the ratio between the hip abductor muscle group according to the range of hip abduction during the clam exercise. Methods: This study was conducted on 18 healthy men in their aged 20 to 29 who had not been diagnosed with spine-related diseases. The subjects performed a clam exercise without rotation of the pelvis in a state of 60° hip flexion and 90° knee joint flexion in the side-lying position. Using Myomotion equipment and EMG, the muscle activity of the hip abductor muscles and the activity ratio between the hip abductor muscle group were measured during the clam exercise by dividing the range into initial, mid-range, and terminal sections. Repeated measures analysis of variants was employed to compare the activity and use of hip abductor muscles according to range of motion during the clam exercise. Results: Gluteus medius muscle activation was significantly increased in the comparison of muscle activity in the initial, mid-range, and terminal sections of hip abduction. Tensor fasciae latae muscle activation was significantly increased in the comparison of muscle activity in all range of motion sections as well. The gluteus medius-tensor fasciae latae muscle activation ratio was significantly increased in the terminal section compared to the initial section. Conclusion: The gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae had higher muscle activities as they approached the terminal section during the clam exercise, and the hip abduction activity ratio of the gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae was higher as the range of motion approached the terminal section.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the lower extremity muscle activity on bridging exercise according to the knee joint angle. Methods : Twenty-five healthy adults volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were required to complete following four bridging exercises; knee joint flexion $120^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$. Surface electromyography from selected lower extremity muscles was normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Muscle activity was measured by QEMG-4 system (LXM 3204, Laxtha Korea). A repeated measures of one-way ANOVA was used to determine the influence of bridging exercise on muscle activity for each muscle and descriptive statistics was used to determine muscle ratio. Results : The biceps femoris of all bridging exercises showed significantly(p<.05). The vastus medialis and lateralis of all bridging exercises showed significant excepted $120^{\circ}$(p<.05). The rectus femoris of all bridging exercises showed no significant. Median of vastus medialis/rectus femoris ratio of $120^{\circ}$ was 2.03, $90^{\circ}$ was 2.16, $60^{\circ}$ was 2.67, $45^{\circ}$ was 4.10. Median of vastus lateralis/rectus femoris ratio of $120^{\circ}$ was 1.70, $90^{\circ}$ was 1.70, $60^{\circ}$ was 2.08, $45^{\circ}$ was 2.58. Median of vastus medialis/vastus lateralis ratio of $120^{\circ}$ was 1.26, $90^{\circ}$ was 1.50, $60^{\circ}$ was 1.52, $45^{\circ}$ was 1.47. Conclusion : Angular motion decreasing with knee joint flexion made increase biceps femoris and vastus medialis activation. This result will be use knee joint stabilizing exercises during bridging or unstable surface training and biceps femoris strength training.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.149-156
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• 1999

Resistive therapeutic exercise prescription goal is to improve functional performance and capabilities through the development of increased muscular strengh endurance or power. Resistance can be applied to either dynamic or static muscle contractions. Resistive therapeutic exorcise can be carried nut concentrically, eccentrically, isometrically, isokinetically. Neurodevelopmental treatment has not resistive therapeutic exercise concept. But proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitate techniques have resistive therapeutic exercise concept with pattens and techniques. It is aid muscle contraction, motor control and increase strength. Manual muscle testing will help the therapist establish a qualitative and quantitative baseline level of strength. Manual resistance maybe applied a against controlled lengthening contraction re static contraction of a muscle. A repetition maximum is not easy to calculate and is not the most accurate method available today to measure strength before of after a resistive therapeutic exercise program. Oddvar Holten Diagram is essy to calculate and is the most accurate method available today to measure strength before of after a resistive therapeutic exercise program. Plyometric training emphasize the development of muscular power and coordination. Quick bursts of force in functional movement patterns are often necessary of a patient is to return to high-demand occupational, recreational or sports related activities.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.353-368
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• 2019

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of trunk exercise using less-affected extremities on gait and balance in chronic stroke patients. Methods: Thirty subjects with chronic stroke disease were divided into two groups: a trunk exercise group that used less-affected extremities (n=15) and a general trunk exercise group (n=15). All interventions were conducted 30 min a day, 6 times per week, for 3 weeks. Gait parameters were measured before and after the intervention using Zebris FDM-1.5. In addition, all subjects were evaluated using the Trunk Impairment Scale, the Berg Balance Scale, and the Functional Gait Assessment before and after the intervention. Results: Both groups showed improvements on all outcome measured pre- to post-intervention (p<0.05). The groups exhibited significant differences for TIS, BBS, FGA, gait speed, step length, and cadence at post-intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that trunk exercise using less-affected extremities has therapeutic benefits on gait and balance in individuals with chronic stroke disease.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.475-484
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a PNF orofacial exercise program on diadochokinesis in subacute stroke patients with dysarthria. Methods: Thirteen subacute stroke inpatients with dysarthria were recruited for the study. All participants were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group (n=7) and a control group (n=6). The experimental group performed a PNF orofacial exercise program, and the control group carried out an orofacial self-exercise. Both groups received the treatments 30 minutes per day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. The outcome measures were assessed before and after the intervention, including an alternating motion rate (AMR) and sequential motion rate for diadochokinesis. Results: After the intervention, both groups showed significant improvement in diadochokinesis (p<0.05). In the change values for both groups, the experimental group showed a more significant improvement than the control group did in /pə/ of AMR (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that PNF orofacial exercise programs may have positive effects on the improvement of diadochokinesis in subacute stroke patients with dysarthria.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was an investigation of the effects of the bridge exercise with the sensory feedback of combined abdominal drawing-in on transverse abdominal and balance in patients with stroke. Methods: Forty subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. Subjects in the bridge exercise group (BG, n = 20) or feedback drawing-in bridge exercise group (FDBG, n = 20) were studied for 30 minutes each, twice daily, for four weeks. Outcomes were measured using affected weight distribution (AWD), anterior limit of stability (ALOS), posterior limit of stability (PLOS), timed up-and-go test (TUG), the Berg balance scale (BBS), and transverse abdominis thickness (TRA) before and after the four-week intervention period. Results: There were significant effects in the FDBG pre-intervention and post-intervention in AWD, ALOS, PLOS, TUG, BBS, and TRA. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the bridge exercise with sensory feedback combined with abdominal drawing-in could be beneficial for patients with stroke in terms of transverse abdominal and balance.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of early body-weight-supported treadmill training on quadriceps strength, knee pain, and arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) after knee surgery. Methods: Sixteen adults were selected. Seven patients in the experimental group performed body-weight-supported treadmill training, and nine patients in the control group performed general therapeutic exercise programs. Both groups received 20 minutes of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and 20 minutes of exercise therapy for two weeks. We measured quadriceps strength, visual analogue scale, and modified AMI classification grade before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Within the experimental group, significant differences were observed in quadriceps strength, visual analogue scale, and modified AMI classification grade. Significant differences were observed between the before- and after-intervention groups in quadriceps strength and visual analogue scale. However, no significant differences were found in the modified AMI classification. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that early body-weight-supported treadmill training may be an effective intervention for improving strength, reducing pain, and addressing arthrogenic muscle inhibition following knee surgery.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.333-341
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was to explore the effects of trunk exercise using PNF combined with treadmill training on balance and walking ability in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: This study included 16 patients with Parkinson's disease. Participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups: an experimental group (n=8) and a control group (n=8). All participants underwent treadmill training for 30 minutes. In addition, the experimental group (trunk exercise using PNF) and control group (conventional training) participated in a 30-minute exercise program. Both groups performed the training 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Disease severity (determined using the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale motor subscale, UPDRS-3), balance (determined using the Berg balance scale, BBS), walking speed (determined using the 10-meter walking test, 10MWT), and walking endurance (determined using the 6-minute walking test, 6MWT) were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks. Results: Pre- to post-intervention improvement was noted on all outcome measures for both groups (p<0.05). Post-intervention, there was a significant improvement in the experimental group as compared to the control group for the following measured outcomes (p<0.05): UPDRS-3 (p=0.03; 95% CI, -5.52 to -0.24), BBS (p=0.04; 95% CI, 0.59 to 6.45), 10MWT (p=0.01; 95% CI, -2.19 to -0.42), and 6MWT (p=0.04; 95% CI, 1.81 to 96.72) Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that trunk exercise using PNF plus treadmill training improves balance and walking ability as compared to conventional training plus treadmill training in patients with Parkinson's disease.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2023

Purpose: The study aims to determine the effect of a breathing exercise on shoulder pain, range of motion (ROM), and forward head posture in patients with rotator cuff repair. Methods: In total, 25 patients with rotator cuff repair were included in this study. The experimental group (n = 13) underwent a breathing exercise, while the control group (n = 12) received traditional physical therapy. The visual analogue scales (VASs) for pain, flexion and abduction ROM, and the craniovertebral angle (CVA) of both groups were recorded at both pre- and post-intervention. Paired t-tests were used to determine significant changes in the post-intervention compared with the pre-intervention period, and independent t-tests were used to analyze differences in dependent variables between the two groups. Results: After the two-week intervention, the experimental group experienced a significantly decreased VAS (p < 0.05) and significantly increased ROM and CVA (p < 0.05), while the control group experienced a significantly decreased VAS (p < 0.05). Further, the experimental group that underwent the breathing exercise showed greater improvements in flexion and abduction ROM and in the CVA than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggested that a breathing exercise can reduce shoulder pain and enhance ROM and posture in patients with rotator cuff repair.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of postural control exercise on the delayed heart rate increase in heart transplant patients. Methods: The subject was a female heart transplant recipient who had a delayed increase in heart rate during exercise. The intensity of exercise was performed at MBorg level 4. The A-B-A' and A-B-A'-B' designs were used to identify the changes in heart rate during active-assisted exercise, lower limb postural control exercise, and upper limb postural control exercise. Experiments were performed for four weeks. The heart rates at pre- and post-exercise were compared, and the time to reach MBorg 4 was measured. Results: In the active-assisted exercise, the average heart rates at pre- and post-exercise and after 10 min of exercise were 88, 89, and 87.7 bpm, respectively. In the repetitive comparison of pre- and post-exercise in the lower limb postural control exercise, the difference in the mean heart rate was 3.5 and 3 bpm in stable support and 14 and 14.5 bpm in unstable support, respectively. In the repetitive comparison of pre- and post-exercise in the upper limb postural control exercise, the difference in the mean heart rate was 6 and 4 bpm in stable support and 4 and 4.5 bpm in unstable support. The time required to reach MBorg 4 was short when both the upper and lower postural control exercises were performed in an unstable state. Conclusion: We suggest that combining proper postural control exercise with strength exercise and aerobic exercise, among others, may be effective in rehabilitating patients in the recovery stage after a heart transplant.