• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.544-550
• /
• 2005

To develop a highly efficient mammalian expression vector, a series of vectors were constructed based on the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) immediate-early (IE) promoter and human ${\beta}$-globin second intron. The resulting MCMV promoter was several-fold stronger than the HCMV promoter in various mammalian cell lines, such as the NIH3T3, Neuro-2a, 293T, and HT1080 cell lines, and was only slightly weaker than the HCMV promoter in HeLa and CHO cells. The inclusion of the human ${\beta}$-globin second intron behind the MCMV promoter or HCMV promoter markedly enhanced the promoter activity in various mammalian cell lines, and the resultant MCMV/Glo-I expression system was stronger than the HCMV promoter from 4.7- to 11.2-fold in every cell line tested. Also, the MCMV/Glo-I promoter induced a higher level of the VSV-G protein in a transiently transfected 293T cell line, which is useful for the production of recombinant retrovirus and lentivirus vectors.

• 한국독어학회지:독어학
• /
• 제8집
• /
• pp.175-197
• /
• 2003

Die vorligende Arbeit behandelt die Probleme der $Koh\"{a}renz$ und Interpretation von van de Velde unter einigen Gesichtspunkten, welche mit der Frage $zusammenh\"{a}ngen$: Wie wird Sprachverstehen $erm\"{o}glicht$? Nach van de Velde besteht der wissen­schaftliche Zugang zu den Sprachverstehensprozessen und Interpretationsstrategien darin, dass man Erkenntnisse $\"{u}ber$ ihre bedingenden Faktoren gewinnt Seine Arbeit versucht diese bedingenden Faktoren in folgenden Gegebenheiten aufzufinden: 1) in den innersprachlichen Gegebenheiten, 2) in den $Referenzzusammenh\"{a}ngen$, auf die sich innersprachliche Gegebenheiten beziehen, 3) in den Handlungskontexten, in denen die verwendeten Sprachgegebenheiten ihre Funktionen haben, 4) in den zwischenmenschlichen $Kormnunikationsrahmenverh\"{a}lnissen$, 5) in den kognitiven Prozessen des Sprachrezipienten, in der neuro(psycho)logischen Ausstattung des Sprachbenutzers. Genau gesagt, bleiben die folgenden Fragen trotzdem immer nur offen: 1) Kann jede Ebene $f\"{u}r$ die $Koh\"{a}renz$ bei van de Velde in der Wirklichkeit schon da sein? 2) Sind die Wertigkeiten jeder Ebenen gleich? 3) Muss die $Koh\"{a}renz$ zwischen Inferenz und Verstehen sein? 4) Gibt es irgendeine Einheitstheorie, solche $interdisziplin\"{a}re$ Faktoren zu beherrschen?

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.272-278
• /
• 1995

Headache is a common disease of the general population. But the main problem in any study of headache has been that of defining the disease entities. In 1988, the Headache Classification committee of the International Headache Society introduced operational diagnostic criteria for all headache disorders into 13 major group; migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache and chronic paroxysmal hemicrania etc. Sjaastad was the first to describe "cervicogenic headache", one of various head pain syndromes that probably originate in the cervical spine. Between March 1995 and June 1995, we studied 78 out-patients of the Department of Neuro pain clinic, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje university. We divided the patients into three study group: Fifty-three patients with tension-type headache, 13 with cervicogenic headache, and 12 with migraine headache. The reponse of trigger point injection and $C_2$-ganglion block in patients was investigated. We paid particular attention to the response of trigger point injection in patients of the three group. The effect of trigger point injection was more marked in tension-type headache group than in the other categories. The pain reduction after $C_2$-ganglion block was more marked in cervicogenic headache group than in the others.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.482-488
• /
• 2005

산화적인 스트레스(Oxidative stress)는 신경염증의 발병요인 중의 하나로 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구는 약용곤충추출물을 이용하여 항산화 물질을 찾고자 초고속 적용가능한 스크리닝 방법을 적용하였다. 우선, 분자염증은 활성산소 관련의 물질과 밀접한 관련이 있으므로 이들의 억제를 동반하는 추출물을 먼저 선별하였다. 항산화 실험과 관련하여 DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP(Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power), HO (Hydroxyl radical) 소거, linoleic acid에 대한 항산화 활성 등을 assay하였고 hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)에 의한 세포사멸 억제 활성을 보기 위해 MTT assay를 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 사마귀, 늦반딧불이, 무당벌레에서 다른 library에 비교하여 항산화 활성이 높게 나타났다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.34-42
• /
• 2009

Gas turbine performance diagnostics is a method for detecting, isolating and quantifying faults in gas turbine gas path components. On-line precise fault diagnosis can promote greatly reliability and availability of gas turbine in real time operation. This work proposes a GUI-type on-line diagnostic program using SIMULINK and Fuzzy-Neuro algorithms for a helicopter turboshaft engine. During development of the diagnostic program, a look-up table type base performance module are used for reducing computer calculating time and a signal generation module for simulating real time performance data. This program is composed of the on-line condition monitoring program to monitor on-line measuring performance condition, the fuzzy inference system to isolate the faults from measuring data and the neural network to quantify the isolated faults. Evaluation of the proposed on-line diagnostic program is performed through application to the helicopter engine health monitoring.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.198-202
• /
• 1989

우측 암면부, 특히 안구주위에 심한 통증을 호소하고 안검하수와 더불어 우측안구의 완전마비를 동반한 선천성 난장이 환자를 경험하였던 바 이는 신경방사선과학적소견, 검사실 검사소견, 전신적 corticosteroid치료에 대한 반응이 전형적인 Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome과는 다른 비전형적인 Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome이었기에 문헌적 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.37-49
• /
• 2011

The present study investigated the semantic and syntactic processes in Korean children's sentence comprehension by measuring event-related brain potentials(ERPs). The subjects were 18 right-handed, healthy native Korean children(1st graders), who were free from any hearing problems. While the children listened to the auditory sentence stimuli, ERPs were recorded with the electrodes mounted in a 'Quik-Cap' on the subject's head. The ERP data were recorded and analyzed using the NeuroScan 4.3 and EEGLABv6.03b programs. For statistical analyses, descriptive statistics, three-way repeated measures ANOVA, and t-tests were performed using a SPSS 15.0 PC program. The results indicated that semantic violations elicited a negativity (N400) ranging from 300 to 500 msec. For syntactic violations, children displayed a positivity (P600) ranging from 900 to 1,100 msec. The discovery of N400 and P600 in semantic and syntactic processes respectively, confirmed the suggestion that Indo-European and Korean languages share a common mechanism for sentence comprehension.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.11-21
• /
• 1977

Many in nursing look back on Nursing Research history and proudly point to the fact that emphasis in nursing research has changed from studying the nurse to studying nursing practice. In recent years, much emphasis has been placed on seeking a method of evaluating the quality of nursing care. In spite of these attempts, however, an instrument for evaluating the quality of nursing care that is actually applicable in the clinical area has not been found. The Purposes of this study are as follows: 1) To develop the instrument to be used in evaluating the quality of nursing care provided in the Neuro - Surgery Constant Care Unit of Severance Hospital 2) To evaluate the quality of nursing care in the clinical area. 3) To provide the necessary information for improvement of quality of nursing care. The instrument for evaluating the quality of nursing care, developed by the investigator, was composed of 7 nursing goals and divided into 65 standards of nursing performance. The 7 nursing goal are as follows : 1) Maintenance of airway 2) Maintenance of fluid at electrolyte balance 3) Maintenance of elimination 4) Personal hygiene 5) Optimum activity 6) Prevention of accidents 7) Emotional care The study population defined was composed of all the case (51) who were admitted in the Neuro- Surgery Constant Care Unit of Severance Hospital from May 7-13, 1976. The observation method was used and the data was subjected to the %, X²-test, T-test, F-test and Correlation. The results of tile study were as follows : 1. Levels of nursing performance regarding nursing goals. Seven different nursing care indices were constructed in terms of nursing goals. The index scores were grouped arbitrarily into ,j categories such as "excellent", "good", "moderate", "incomplete", and "poor"based upon the investigator′s personal judgement. a. The nursing index of maintaining airway showed that 78% of the patients fell within the "excellent" and 22% of the patients, fell within the "good" category. b. The nursing index of maintaining fluid & electrolyte balance showed that 95% of the patients fell within the "excellent" and 5 % of the patients fell within the "good" category. c. The nursing index of maintaining elimination showed that 100% of the patients fell within the "excellent" category. d. The nursing index of personal hygiene revealed that 49% of the patients fell within the "excellent" and 51% of the patients fell within the "good" category. e. The nursing index of optimum activity showed that 63% of the patients fell within the "excellent" and 32% of the patients fell within tile "good" and 5% of patients fell within the "moderate" category. f. The nursing index of prevention of accidents showed that 100% of the patients foil within the "excellent" category. g. The nursing index of emotional cart revealed that 27% of the patients fell within the "excellent", 24 % of the patients fell within tile "good", 29 % of the patients fell within the "incomplete" category. From these findings it is disclosed that the quality of nursing care provided in the Neuro- Surgery Constant Care Unit of Severance Hospital was excellent. h. There were statistically significant differences between the nursing index of physical care and emotional care. (t=8.73, D. F. =100. p<0.01) It is revealed that more physical care then emotional care was carried out by nurses. 2. Levels of nursing performance regarding general characteristics of the patients. No significant differences were observed statistically with the nursing indices of nursing goals according to the sex (t=0.084, D. F. =12, p>0.05). Age (F=0.1251, D. F. : 3.18. p 〉0.05), absence or presence of operating experiences (t=0.6032, D. F. =12, p〉0.05, levels of consciousness (F=0.31, D. F. :3. 18, p >0.05) 3. Relationship between the levels of consciousness and the nursing index of each nursing goal. There was negative correlation between the levels of consciousness and the nursing index of maintaining airway (r=-0. 5449, p<0.01) and personal hygiene (r= -0.4075, p<0.01) There was positive correlation between the levels of consciousness and the nursing index of optimum activity (r=0.3936, p <0.01) and emotional care (r=0.7819, p〈0.01). There was slight correlation between the levels of consciousness and the nursing index of maintaining fluid & electrolyte balance (r=-0.3418, 0.010.05) and preventing accidents (r=0.1441, p>0.05.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study compared the walking ability of chronic stroke patients following either treadmill training with knowledge of the result (KR group) or treadmill training with knowledge of the performance (KP group). Methods: Nineteen patients with chronic stroke were recruited from a rehabilitation hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: a KR group (10 patients) and a KP group (9 patients). They received 30 minutes of neuro-developmental therapy and treadmill training 30 minutes, five times a week for three weeks. The gait parameters were measured before and after training using the Optogait system. Results: After the training periods, the KR group showed significant improvement in gait speed, cadence, step length of the unaffected limb, stance time of the affected limb, and functional gait assessment compared to the KP group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that treadmill training with KR was more effective in improving the gait speed and cadence, step length of the unaffected limb, stance time of the affected limb, and functional gait ability than the treadmill training with KP. Therefore, to improve the walking ability of stroke patients, it is necessary to consider treadmill training with KR. If it can be combined with conventional neurological physiotherapy, it would be an effective rehabilitation for stroke patients.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.155-164
• /
• 2023

Grain size in sheet metals in one of the main parameters in determining formability. Grain size control in industry requires delicate process control and equipment. In the present study, effects of grain size on the formability of steel sheets is investigated. Experimental investigation of effect of grain size is a cumbersome method which due to existence of many other effective parameters are not conclusive in some cases. On the other hand, since the average grain size of a crystalline material is a statistical parameter, using traditional methods are not sufficient for find the optimum grain size to maximize formability. Therefore, design of experiment (DoE) and artificial intelligence (AI) methods are coupled together in this study to find the optimum conditions for formability in terms of grain size and to predict forming limits of sheet metals under bi-stretch loading conditions. In this regard, a set of experiment is conducted to provide initial data for training and testing DoE and AI. Afterwards, the using response surface method (RSM) optimum grain size is calculated. Moreover, trained neural network is used to predict formability in the calculated optimum condition and the results compared to the experimental results. The findings of the present study show that DoE and AI could be a great aid in the design, determination and prediction of optimum grain size for maximizing sheet formability.