• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2020

As a preclinical study, many researchers have been attempted to convert the porcine PSCs into several differentiated cells with transplantation of the differentiated cells into the pigs. Here, we attempted to derive neuronal progenitor cells from pig embryonic germ cells (EGCs). As a result, neuronal progenitor cells could be derived directly from pig embryonic germ cells through the serum-free floating culture of EB-like aggregates (SFEB) method. Treating retinoic acid was more efficient for inducing neuronal lineages from EGCs rather than inhibiting SMAD signaling. The differentiated cells expressed neuronal markers such as PAX6, NESTIN, and SOX1 as determined by qRT-PCR and immunostaining. These data indicated that pig EGCs could provide valid models for human therapy. Finally, it is suggested that developing transgenic pig for disease models as well as differentiation methods will provide basic preclinical data for human regenerative medicine and lead to the success of stem cell therapy.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1397-1405
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• 2018

미토콘드리아는 세포안에서 에너지 공급, 칼슘 이온 저장, 활성산소 생성, 세포 자살과 같은 다양한 기능을 수행한다. 이러한 기능을 통해, 미토콘드리아는 줄기세포의 유지, 증식, 그리고 분화에 관여한다. 뇌에서 뇌실 하 영역(subventricular zone, SVZ)에는 일평생 새로운 신경세포를 생성하는 신경줄기세포(neural stem cell, NSC)가 존재한다. 하지만, SVZ NSCs에서 미토콘드리아의 역할에 대한 연구는 많이 알려져 있지 않다. 이번 연구에서 우리는 미토콘드리아의 complex I 저해제인 rotenone이 SVZ NSCs의 증식과 분화를 다른 방식으로 방해한다는 것을 보여주었다. 증식 중인 신경줄기세포에서, rotenone은 세포분열을 감소시켰는데, 이때 세포분열은 히스톤 H3에 인산기가 붙어있는 지를 측정하여 확인하였다. Rotenone을 50 nM 농도로 증식 중인 신경줄기세포에 처리했을 때, 세포사멸은 발생하지 않았다. 한편, 분화 중인 신경줄기세포에 rotenone을 처리한 경우, 신경세포와 희소 돌기아교 세포(oligodendrocyte)으로의 분화가 억제되었고, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)를 발현하는 성상세포(astrocyte)에는 영향이 없었다. 흥미롭게도, 4-6일 동안의 분화 과정 동안 rotenone이 처리된 신경줄기세포에서 대조군 보다 더 많은 세포 수가 관찰 되었는데, 이는 증식 과정 중의 rotenone의 효과와 다른 것이다. 이에, 우리는 rotenone이 세포 자살은 감소시켰으나, 세포 분열에는 영향을 끼치지 않았음을 관찰하였다. 세포 자살의 경우는 cleaved caspase-3를 측정함으로써 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은 SVZ 신경줄기세포의 증식과 분화 모두에 제대로 작동하는 미토콘드리아가 있어야 함을 제안하고 있다. 게다가, 이러한 과정에서 미토콘드리아는 세포 분열과 세포자살에 관여할 수도 있을 것이다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2024

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays a pivotal role in maintaining cognitive brain function. However, this process diminishes with age, particularly in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. While small, non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial for hippocampal neural stem (HCN) cell maintenance, their involvement in neurodegenerative disorders remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms through which miRNAs regulate HCN cell death and their potential involvement in neurodegenerative disorders. We performed a comprehensive microarray-based analysis to investigate changes in miRNA expression in insulin-deprived HCN cells as an in vitro model for cognitive impairment. miR-150-3p, miR-323-5p, and miR-370-3p, which increased significantly over time following insulin withdrawal, induced pronounced mitochondrial fission and dysfunction, ultimately leading to HCN cell death. These miRNAs collectively targeted the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1, with miR-150-3p also targeting MFN2. Data-driven analyses of the hippocampi and brains of human subjects revealed significant reductions in OPA1 and MFN2 in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our results indicate that miR-150-3p, miR-323-5p, and miR-370-3p contribute to deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis by modulating mitochondrial dynamics. Our findings provide novel insight into the intricate connections between miRNA and mitochondrial dynamics, shedding light on their potential involvement in conditions characterized by deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis, such as AD.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2017

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered an alternative source of neuronal lineage cells, which are difficult to isolate from brain and expand in vitro. Previous studies have reported that MSCs expressing Nestin ($Nestin^+$ MSCs), a neuronal stem/progenitor cell marker, exhibit increased transcriptional levels of neural development-related genes, indicating that $Nestin^+$ MSCs may exert potential with neurogenic differentiation. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of the presence of $Nestin^+$ MSCs in bone-marrow-derived primary cells (BMPCs) on enhanced neurogenic differentiation of BMPCs by identifying the presence of $Nestin^+$ MSCs in uncultured and cultured BMPCs. The percentage of $Nestin^+$ MSCs in BMPCs was measured per passage by double staining with Nestin and CD90, an MSC marker. The efficiency of neurogenic differentiation was compared among passages, revealing the highest and lowest yields of $Nestin^+$ MSCs. The presence of $Nestin^+$ MSCs was identified in BMPCs before in vitro culture, and the highest and lowest percentages of $Nestin^+$ MSCs in BMPCs was observed at the third (P3) and fifth passages (P5). Moreover, significantly the higher efficiency of differentiation into neurons, oligodendrocyte precursor cells and astrocytes was detected in BMPCs at P3, compared with P5. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that neurogenic differentiation can be enhanced by increasing the proportion of $Nestin^+$ MSCs in cultured BMPCs.