• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2010

실제 네트워크에서 압도적인 비중을 차지하는 TCP 트래픽의 성능은 네트워크 코딩 기법에서도 고려해야 할 중요한 요소이다. 그러나 무선 메쉬 네트워크에서의 네트워크 코딩 기법이 새로이 제안될 때 이를 위한 성능 평가는 대개의 경우 전송 계층에서의 프로토콜로서 TCP가 아닌 다른 프로토콜을 사용하여 이루어져 왔다. 이는 네트워크 코딩의 패킷 전송 형태에 대한 영향이 TCP 성능에 부정적인 요소로 작용하기 때문이다. 네트워크 코딩을 기반으로 하는 대부분의 무선 메쉬 네트워크 패킷 전송 방식에서는 패킷들을 받은 노드들 중 어느 노드가 네트워크 코딩을 하여 전달할 것인가를 정한다. 본 논문에서는 이 전달자 노드들이 TCP 성능에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴본다.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1021-1033
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• 2022

After the Versatile Video Coding (VVC)/H.266 standard was completed, the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) began to investigate new technologies that could significantly increase coding gain for the next generation video coding standard. One direction is to investigate signal processing based tools, while the other is to investigate Neural Network based technology. Neural Network based Video Coding (NNVC) has not been studied previously, and this is the first trial of such an approach in the standard group. After two years of research, JVET produced the first common software called Neural Compression Software (NCS) with two NN-based in-loop filtering tools at the 27th meeting and began to maintain NN-based technologies for the common experiment. The coding performances of the two filters in NCS-1.0 are shown to be 8.71% and 9.44% on average in a random access scenario, respectively. All the material related to NCS can be found in the repository of the JVET. In this paper, we provide a brief overview and review of the NNVC activity studied in JVET in order to provide trend and insight for the new direction of video coding standard.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.2946-2962
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• 2017

An improved energy-efficient compressed network coding method is proposed for the data communication in the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the method, the compressed sensing and network coding are jointly used to improve the energy efficiency, and the two-hop neighbor information is employed to choose the next hop to further reduce the number of the transmissions. Moreover, a new packet format is designed to facilitate the intermediate node selection. To theoretically verify the efficiency of the proposed method, the expressions for the number of the transmissions and receptions are derived. Simulation results show that, the proposed method has higher energy efficiency compared with the available schemes, and it only requires a few packets to reconstruct measurements with reasonable quality.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.3028-3030
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• 2000

In general. a speech coding is dedicated to the compression performance or the speech quality. But. the speech coding in this paper is focused on the performance of flexible transmission to the, network speed. For this. the subbanding coding is needed. which is used the wavelet packet concept in the signal analysis. The extraction of each frequency-band is difficult to general signal analysis methods, after coding each band, the reconstruction of these is also a difficult problem. But. with the wavelet packet concept(perfect reconstruction) and its fast computation algorithm. the extraction of each band and the reconstruction are more natural. Also, this paper describes a direct solution of the voice transmission on network and implement this algorithm at the TCP/IP network environment of PC.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2008

Transmission of video over Internet or wireless network requires coded stream capable of adapting to dynamic network conditions instantly. To meet this requirement, various scalable video coding schemes have been developed, among which the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) extension of the H.264/AVC is the most recent one. In comparison with the scalable profiles of previous video coding standards, the SVC achieves significant improvement on coding efficiency performance. For adapting to dynamic network bandwidth, the SVC employs inter-layer switching between different temporal, spatial or/and fidelity layers, which is currently supported with instantaneous decoding refresh (IDR) access unit. However, for real-time adaptability, the SVC has to frequently employ the IDR picture, which dramatically decreases the coding efficiency. Therefore, an extension of SP picture from the AVC to the SVC for an efficient inter-layer switching is investigated and presented in this paper. Simulations regarding the adaptability to dynamic network bandwidth are implemented. Results of experiment show that the SP picture added SVC provides an average 1.2 dB PSNR enhancement over the current SVC while providing similar adaptive functionality.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2015

에너지 소비율 및 이에 따른 환경문제가 증가됨에 따라 저탄소 친환경을 고려한 통신기법들의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 네트워크 코딩 기술은 불필요한 데이터 전송, 및 횟수를 줄여주고 데이터 전송패턴을 예측하는데 도움을 줄 수 있기 때문에 에너지 효율적인 통신기법의 기본을 제공해줄 수 있다. 특히 자아 및 주변을 인지하고 최적의 결정을 내릴 수 있도록 해주는 인지 라디오 네트워크와 맞물려서 활용된다면 시너지 효과를 극대화할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 네트워크 코딩이 가능한 무선환경에서 주파수 및 에너지 소비율을 인지하여 최적의 성능을 낼 수 있는 기법을 제안하고 부분관찰 마코브결정과정(POMDP)으로 모델링한다. 성능평가를 통해 같은 에너지 양을 소비했을 때 제안하는 기법이 기존 연구들에 비해서 최대 25% 성능향상이 있음을 증명했다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.2427-2445
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• 2016

In contrast to traditional "store-and-forward" routing mechanisms, network coding offers an elegant solution for achieving maximum network throughput. The core idea is that intermediate network nodes linearly combine received data packets so that the destination nodes can decode original files from some authenticated packets. Although network coding has many advantages, especially in wireless sensor network and peer-to-peer network, the encoding mechanism of intermediate nodes also results in some additional security issues. For a powerful adversary who can control arbitrary number of malicious network nodes and can eavesdrop on the entire network, cryptographic signature schemes provide undeniable authentication mechanisms for network nodes. However, with the development of quantum technologies, some existing network coding signature schemes based on some traditional number-theoretic primitives vulnerable to quantum cryptanalysis. In this paper we first present an efficient network coding signature scheme in the standard model using lattice theory, which can be viewed as the most promising tool for designing post-quantum cryptographic protocols. In the security proof, we propose a new method for generating a random lattice and the corresponding trapdoor, which may be used in other cryptographic protocols. Our scheme has many advantages, such as supporting multi-source networks, low computational complexity and low communication overhead.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.1420-1423
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• 2015

본 레터는 두 통신 선박이 다수의 릴레이 선박의 협력으로 데이터를 교환하는 해상 통신 시스템을 고려한다. 이 때 릴레이 선박들이 채널 상태 정보에 따라 아날로그 네트워크 부호화와 디지털 네트워크 부호화를 적응적으로 선택하는 방법을 제안하고, 이러한 적응 전송 시 최적의 릴레이 선박을 선택하는 기준을 함께 제공한다. 모의실험 결과 제안한 방법이 단일 네트워크 부호화를 적용하는 기존의 방식보다 향상된 성능을 제공함을 볼 수 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.4389-4410
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• 2014

Network coding is a promising technology that increases system throughput by reducing the number of packet transmissions from the source node to the destination node in a saturated traffic scenario. Nevertheless, some packets can suffer from end-to-end delay, because of a queuing delay in an intermediate node waiting for other packets to be encoded with exclusive or (XOR). In this paper, we analyze the delay according to packet arrival rate and propose two network coding schemes, iXOR (Intelligent XOR) and oXOR (Optimal XOR) with Markov Decision Process (MDP). They reduce the average delay, even under an unsaturated traffic load, through the Holding-${\chi}$ strategy. In particular, we are interested in the unsaturated network scenario. The unsaturated network is more practical because, in a real wireless network, nodes do not always have packets waiting to be sent. Through analysis and extensive simulations, we show that iXOR and oXOR are better than the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) without XOR (the general forwarding scheme) and XOR with DCF with respect to average delay as well as delivery ratio.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.252-262
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• 2024

The multi-hop wireless sensor network (WSN) suffers from energy limitation and eavesdropping attacks. We propose a simple and energy-efficient convergecast mechanism using inter-flow random linear network coding that can provide confidentiality to the multi-hop WSN. Our scheme consists of two steps, constructing a logical tree of sensor nodes rooted at the sink node, with using the Bloom filter, and transmitting sensory data encoded by sensor nodes along the logical tree upward to the sink where the encoded data are decoded according to our proposed multi-hop network coding (MHNC) mechanism. We conducted simulations using OMNET++ CASTALIA-3.3 framework and validated that MHNC outperforms the conventional mechanism in terms of packet delivery ratio, data delivery time and energy efficiency.