• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2008

This paper introduces a new paradigm of physical layer security through channel coding for wireless networks. The well known spread spectrum based physical layer security in wireless network is applicable when code division multiple access (CDMA) is used as wireless air link interface. In our proposal, we incorporate the proposed security protocol within channel coding as channel coding is an essential part of all kind of wireless communications. Channel coding has a built-in security in the sense of encoding and decoding algorithm. Decoding of a particular codeword is possible only when the encoding procedure is exactly known. This point is the key of our proposed security protocol. The common parameter that required for both encoder and decoder is generally a generator matrix. We proposed a random selection of generators according to a security key to ensure the secrecy of the networks against unauthorized access. Therefore, the conventional channel coding technique is used as a security controller of the network along with its error correcting purpose.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.783-792
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• 2022

Versatile Video Coding (VVC) is the latest video coding standard, which had been developed by the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) of ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) in 2020. Although VVC can provide powerful coding performance, it requires tremendous computational complexity to determine the optimal block structures during the encoding process. In this paper, we propose a fast ternary tree decision method using two neural networks with 7 nodes as input vector based on the multi-layer perceptron structure, names STH-NN and STV-NN. As a training result of neural network, the STH-NN and STV-NN achieved accuracies of 85% and 91%, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the encoding complexity up to 25% with unnoticeable coding loss compared to the VVC test model (VTM).

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.332-340
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• 2022

최근 딥러닝을 적용하는 비디오 압축에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 특히, 화면내 예측 부호화의 성능 한계를 극복할 수 있는 방안으로 딥러닝 기반의 화면내 예측 부호화 기술이 연구되고 있다. 본 논문은 신경망 기반 문맥적응적 화면내 예측 모델의 학습기법과 그 부호화 성능분석을 제시한다. 즉, 본 논문에서는 주변 참조샘플의 문맥정보를 입력하여 현재블록을 예측하는 기존의 합성곱 신경망(CNN: Convolutional Neural network) 기반의 화면내 예측 모델을 학습한다. 학습된 화면내 예측 모델을 HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding)의 참조 소프트웨어인 HM16.19에 추가적인 화면내 예측모드로 구현하고 그 부호화 성능을 분석하였다. 실험결과 학습한 예측 모델은 HEVC 대비 AI(All Intra) 모드에서 0.28% BD-rate 부호화 성능 향상을 보였다. 또한 비디오 부호화 블록분할 구조를 고려하여 학습한 경우의 성능도 확인하였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.797-804
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• 2011

무선 애드 혹(ad hoc) 네트워크에서 전송 효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법으로 네트워크 코딩(network coding)이 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.11 무선 랜에 네트워크 코딩을 적용하였을 때, 수율(throughput) 성능을 예측할 수 있는 분석 모델을 제안하고자 한다. 이 모델에서는 모든 무선 노드들이 선형 토폴로지(topology)로 네트워크를 구성하고 있고, 양단에 위치한 두 개의 소스 노드들이 패킷을 발생시키고, 중간 노드들은 네트워크 코딩을 수행하면서 패킷을 전달하는 역할을 하게 된다. 제안하는 분석 모델은 궁극적으로 각 노드별수율의 비선형 방정식 형태로 귀결되며, 이 방정식의 해를 통해서 단대단(end-to-end) 수율을 계산하게 된다. 본 논문에서 제안한 분석 모델의 정확성을 검증하기 위하여, 다양한 모의 실험을 수행하였으며, 분석 모델을 통한 수율 예측치가 시뮬레이션 결과와 상당히 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.670-683
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• 2016

Network coding, as a new technique to improve the throughput, is studied combined with multi-relay model in this paper to address the challenges of long distance and power limit in deep space communication. First, an amplify-and-forward relaying approach based on analog network coding (AFNC) is proposed in multi-relay network to improve the capacity for deep space communication system, where multiple relays are introduced to overcome the long distance link loss. The design of amplification coefficients is mathematically formulated as the optimization problem of maximizing SNR under sum-power constraint over relays. Then for a dual-hop relay network with a single source, the optimal amplification coefficients are derived when the multiple relays introduce non-coherent noise. Through theoretic analysis and simulation, it is shown that our approach can achieve the maximum transmission rate and perform better over single link transmission for deep space communication.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권12A호
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• pp.975-983
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 네트워크 코딩 기법이 IEEE 802.16 계열의 무선 통신 시스템에 어떻게 적용되는지에 대해 다룬다. 또한, 본 논문에서는 네트워크 코딩의 overhearing 문제를 피하기 위해, 통신하고자 하는 양단의 단말들이 중계기를 통해 정보를 서로 교환하는 양방향 트래픽에 주안점을 두고 있다. 이러한 양방향 트래픽은 TCP 프로토콜이 혼잡 제어와 ACK을 기반으로 하는 에러 복구를 수행하는 인터넷 환경에서 주로 관찰된다. 그러므로 네트워크 코딩 기법의 적용을 통해 무선 인터넷의 스펙트럼 효율을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이라 예상되는 바이다. 본 논문에서의 모의실험 결과는 네트워크 코딩 기법을 적용하였을 때, 기존의 무선 중계 시스템과 비교하여 평균적으로 36 퍼센트의 수율 향상을 가져올 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38B권3호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 양방향 링크의 채널 상태와 트래픽 부하가 비대칭적인 채널에서 네트워크 코딩을 적용하는 기법과 그 방식에 따른 성능에 대해서 살펴본다. 이러한 양방향 링크의 비대칭성을 반영하기 위해 패딩후 네트워크 코딩(Network Coding after Padding: NaP) 방식과 분할 후 네트워크 코딩(Network Coding after Fragmentation: NaF) 방식을 고려한다. NaP 방식은 지금까지 트래픽 부하의 비대칭성만을 반영하기 위해 고려된 바 있으며, 본 논문에서는 실제로 채널의 상태를 동시에 고려할 경우에는 NaP 방식이 갖는 기존의 이득이 오히려 열화되는 것을 보인다. 또한, NaF 방식이 일반적인 양방향 링크 기법뿐만 아니라 NaP 방식보다 항상 성능이 좋다는 것을 보인다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1795-1816
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• 2024

A Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks (SDWSNs) architecture is firstly proposed to address the issues of inflexible architecture strategies and low scalability of traditional WSNs in this article. The SDWSNs architecture involves the design of a software-defined sensor network model and a customized controller architecture, along with an analysis of the functionalities of each management module within the controller architecture. Secondly, to tackle limited energy problem of sensor nodes, a network coding opportunistic routing method (SDN-COR) is presented based on SDWSNs. This method incorporates considerations of coding opportunities, vertical distance, and remaining energy of nodes to design a metric for encoding opportunistic routing. By combining opportunistic forwarding mechanisms, candidate forwarding sets are selected and sorted based on priority to prioritize data transmission by higher-priority nodes. Simulation results indicate that, comparing with conventional methods, this approach achieves reduction in energy consumption by an average of 21.5%, improves network throughput by 24%, and extends network lifetime by 20%.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.2281-2297
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• 2024

Employing multiple drones as a swarm to complete missions can sharply improve the working efficiency and expand the scope of investigation. Remote UAV swarms utilize satellites as relays to forward investigation information. The increasing amount of data demands higher transmission rate and complex field network coding (CFNC) is deemed as an effective solution for data return. CFNC applied to UAV swarms enhances transmission efficiency by occupying only two time slots, which is less than other network coding schemes. However, conventional CFNC applied to UAVs is combined with constant coding and modulation scheme and results in a waste of spectrum resource when the channel conditions are better. In order to avoid the waste of power resources of the relay satellite and further improve spectral efficiency, a CFNC transmission scheme with MPSK modulation is proposed in this paper. For the proposed scheme, the satellite relay no longer directly forwards information, but transmits information after processing according to the current channel state. The proposed transmission scheme not only maintains throughput advantage of CFNC, but also enhances spectral efficiency, which obtains higher throughput performance. The symbol error probability (SEP) and throughput results corroborated by Monte Carlo simulation show that the proposed transmission scheme improves spectral efficiency in multiples compared to the conventional CFNC schemes. In addition, the proposed transmission scheme enhances the throughput performance for different topology structures while keeping SEP below a certain value.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.2044-2062
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• 2018

Information theory progression along with the advancements being made in the field of Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) supports the use of coding-aware opportunistic routing for efficient data forwarding. In this work, we propose and investigate an adaptive coding-aware routing scheme in a specific VANET scenario known as a vehicular platoon. Availability of coding opportunities may vary with time and therefore, the accurate identification of available coding opportunities at a specific time is a quite challenging task in the highly dynamic scenario of VANETs. In the proposed approach, while estimating the topology of the network at any time instance, a forwarding vehicle contemplates the composition of multiple unicast data flows to encode the correct data packets that can be decoded successfully at destinations. The results obtained by using OMNeT++ simulator reveal that higher throughput can be achieved with minimum possible packet transmissions through the proposed adaptive coding-aware routing approach. In addition, the proposed adaptive scheme outperforms static transmissions of the encoded packets in terms of coding gain, transmission percentage, and encoded packet transmission. To the best of our knowledge, the use of coding-aware opportunistic routing has not been exploited extensively in available literature with reference to its implications in VANETs.