• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.316-321
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• 2005

Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor of the jawbones, but the origin of this tumor has been remained to be unproven. Cytokeratins (CKs) are specific intermediate filament of epithelial cells, and vimentin is expressed in mesenchymal cells. The immunohistochemical detection of different CKs and vimentin has made it easier to know the origin of tumor. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 15 ameloblastomas and 1 ameloblastic carcinoma were used for immunohistochemical evaluation of CK 7, 8, 13, 14, 19 and vimentin. Their expression is evaluated in different tumor cells, which are observed in different type of tumors. In the follicular and reticular subtype, central stellate cells of tumor nests expressed CK 8, 14, 19 and peripheral columnar cells expressed CK 14. CK 7, and 13 were not expressed. Vimentin was detected in fibrous stroma around tumor nest, not in tumor cells. The tumor cells of ameloblastic carcinoma expressed CK 7, 14 and 19, but CK 8 was more weakly stained than that in ameloblastoma. Central stellate cells and peripheral columnar cells of acanthomatous subtype showed same expression pattern with others. Meta plastic squamous cells expressed CK 8, 14, 19 and keratinizing squamous cells expressed CK 13, 19. CK 7 and vimentin were not detected in tumor cells and vimentin was expressed in fibrous stroma. Most of the tumor cells of ameloblastoma showed CK 14 and CK 19 and did not express CK 7 and vimentin. These findings were similar to the immunophenotype of dental lamina. And these results will be beneficial to differential diagnosis of odontogenic tumors and other kind of tumors arising at the oral cavity.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2012

Effects of climate change on groundwater system requires understanding the groundwater system in temporal and spatial scales through the long-term monitoring. In this study, the spatio-temporal variations of groundwater were analyzed through the continuous observation of water level, electrical conductivity (EC) and water temperature with automatic data-loggers and sampling in a Gwangneung catchment, Korea, for the four years from 2008 to 2011. Groundwater monitoring were performed at the nest-type wells, MW1 and MW2, located in upsteam and downstream of the catchment, respectively. During the survey period, both the total amount of annual precipitation and the frequency of concentrated rainfall have increased resulting in the elevation of runoff. Water level of MW1 showed no significant fluctuations even during the rainy season, indicating the confined groundwater system. In contrast, that of MW2 showed clear seasonal changes, indicating the unconfined system. The lag-time of temperature at both wells ranged from one to three months depending on the screened depths. Results of chemical analyses indicated that major water compositions were maintained constantly, except for the EC decreases due to the dilution effect. Values of the stable-isotope ratios for oxygen and deuterium were higher at MW2 than MW1, implying the confined system at the upstream area could be locally developed.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1975

양서류 발생에 따른 피부점액선의 조직학적 및 조직화학적 변화를 밝히고저 개구리(Rana nigromaculata) 변태 각 단계의 유생 피부조직을 10% formalin 완충액에 고정($4^{\circ}C$), paraffin에 포매, 4$\mu$m 두께로 절편한후 periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) 및 alcian blue(AB) pH 2.5, pH 1.0에 반응시켜 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 피부점액선의 출현은 변태 XV에서 처음으로 표피내 세포군이 형성되면서 비롯되는데 변태 XX, XXIII 및 XXIV에서 현저한 수적 증가가 있었다. 2. 피부점액선은 두 종류로 구분되는데 A형점액선은 선체부 상피세포들이 PAS와 AB pH2.5에 강양성, 경세포는 PAS에 강양성을 보이며, B형점액선의 선체부 상피세포들은 AB pH 2.5에 강양성을 보였다. 3. A형점액선은 변태 XIX에서 처음으로 내강을 형성하며 선상피내 점액질들이 PAS 및 alcian blue에 염색성을 보였고 변태가 진행됨에 따라 PAS 및 AB pH 2.5에 염색성이 점차로 증가되었다. 4. B형점액선은 변태 XX에서 처음으로 관찰되었으며 변태가 진행함에 따라 AB pH 2.5에 강양성을 보였다. 5. A형점액선과 B형점액선의 출현비는 변태 XX, 변태 XXI과 XXII, 변태 XXIII ~ XXV에서 각각 99 : 1, 7 : 3, 5.5 : 4.5였다. 6. 이상의 사실들로 미루어 양서류가 수서에서 양서로 생활양식이 변화함에 따라 피부내 수분 및 전해질의 평형을 유지하기 위해서는 피부점액선의 현저한 발달이 요구된다구 사료된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제76권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 1987

경남(慶南)의 주요(主要) 14개지역(個地域)의 산림(山林)에 통나무 재소상(材巢箱)과 판재소상(板材巢箱), 혼합재소상(混合材巢箱)을 1984년(年) 4월(月) 1일(日)에 가설(架設)하여 1986년(年) 6월(月) 30일(日)까지 가설지역내(架設地域內)의 서식조류(棲息鳥類)의 종류(種類)와 소상별(巢箱別) 서식상황(棲息狀況), 지역별(地域別) 및 임상별(林相別) 서식상황(棲息狀況) 영소조류(營巢鳥類)의 생태(生態) 등(等)을 조사(調査)하여 보았던 바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 서식조류(棲息鳥類)는 모두 20과(科) 35종(種)이였으며 그 중(中)에서는 꿩과 멧비둘기, 멧새, 오목눈이, 박새, 찌르레기, 때까치 등(等)이 가장 많이 서식(棲息)하였다. 2) 인공소상내(人工巢箱內)에서 가장 많이 서식(棲息)한 조류(鳥類)는 진박새(17.2%)와 박새(16.7%), 쇠박새(12.2%) 등(等)이였으며 그 중(中)에서도 진박새가 제일 많이 서식(棲息)하였다. 3) 각(各) 지역별(地域別) 인공소상내(人工巢箱內)의 서식상황(棲息狀況)을 보면 고산지역(高山地域)과 저산지역(低山地域)에서는 진박새와 박새가 공원지역(公園地域)보다 더 많이 서식(棲息)하였고, 참새와 찌르레기 등(等)은 도시공원지역(都市公園地域)과 저산지역(低山地域)에서 더 많이 서식(棲息)하였다. 4) 서식(棲息)한 소상(巢箱)(전체(全體)의 61%)중(中)에서 번식산란(繁殖産卵) 장소(場所)로 이용(利用)된 것(45.5%)이 영소용(營巢用)으로 이용(利用)된 것(15.6%)보다 더 많았다. 5) 인공소상내(人工巢箱內)의 종류별(種類別) 서식상황(棲息狀況)을 보면 판재소상(板材巢箱)(A형(型))과 판재소상(板材巢箱)(B형(型))보다 혼합재소상(混合材巢箱)과 판재소상(板材巢箱)(C형(型))이 더 많이 서식(棲息)하였다. 6) 출입공(出入孔)의 크기별(別) 서식상황(棲息狀況)을 보면 3cm 출입공(出入孔)(81.1%)이 4cm 출입공(出入孔)(57.8%)과 5cm 출입공(出入孔)(24.4%)보다 더 많이 서식(棲息)하였다. 7) 임상별(林相別) 서식상황(棲息狀況)을 보면 혼효림(混淆林)(73.3%)이 침엽수림(針葉樹林)(68.3%)에서 보다 더 많이 서식(棲息)하였다. 8) 조류별(鳥類別) 산란시기(産卵時期)는 박새류(類)는 4월말(月末)~5월상순(月上旬)이였으며 밀화부리와 때까치, 알락할미새, 참새 등(等)은 5월중순(月中旬)이었다. 9) 산란수(産卵數)는 박새류(類)와 참새, 알락할미새류(類)는 매일(每日) 1개(個)씩 평균(平均) 7.2개(個)를 산란(産卵)하였으며, 밀화부리류(類)는 7일간(日間)에 4개(個), 때까치류(類)는 4일간(日間)에 5개(個)를 산란(産卵)하였다. 10) 포란기간(抱卵期間)은 박새류(類)는 16~18일간(日間)이였으며, 기지(基地)의 조류(鳥類)는 대부분(大部分)이 11~14일간(日間)이었다. 11) 부화(孵化) 13일간(日間)의 각종조류(各種鳥類)의 부위별(部位別) 성장상태(成長狀態)를 보면 박새류(類)의 평균체중(平均體重)은 13.89g, 날개의 길이는 72.00mm, 부척(跗蹠)의 길이는 20.86mm였으며, 참새류(類)의 평균체중(平均體重)은 20.30g, 날개의 길이는 66.17mm, 부척(跗蹠)의 길이는 20.15mm였다. 12) 식이물(食餌物)의 종류(種類)를 보면 참새는 유충(幼虫)을 55.2%, 성충(成虫)을 37.2%, 번데기를 2.8%, 거미류(類)를 2.8%, 식물질(植物質)을 2.0%를 먹이로 하였는데, 이들 중(中) 98%가 동물질(動物質)이였으며, 또한 이 동물질중(動物質中) 95.2%는 삼림해충(森林害虫)이였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2004

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is malignant tumor in salivary gland, and its behavior is very invasive. Of all malignant tumor adenoid cystic carcinoma is occured in frequency of 4.4% in major salivary gland, and 1.29% in minor salivary gland. Histopathologically, adenoid cystic carcinoma is characterized by a cribriform appearance, and tubular form and solid nest type tumor can be seen. The tumor cell structure composed of modified myoepithelial cell, and basaloid cell. Extracellular matrix of this tumor cell contains variable ground substance with basement membrane component. Basement membrane matrix composed of collagen fibers, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and its function is well known that it participate in differentiation, proliferation, and growth of tumor cell. Basement membrane molecule is essential for invasion of peripheral nerve, blood vessel, skeletal muscle in tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma. In many studies, the tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma containing modified myoepithelial cell participate in synthesis of proteoglycan. In this study, tissue sample of adenoid cystic carcinoma of human salivary gland were obtained from 15 surgical specimen, and all specimen were routinely fixed in 10% formalin and embedded. Serial $4-{\mu}m$ thick sections were cut from paraffin blocks. the histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, the immunohistochemical staining, characteristics of glycosaminoglycan were observed. For biochemical analysis of glycosaminoglycan, isolation of crude glycosaminoglycan from tumor tissue and Western bolt analysis were carried out. With transmission electomicroscopy, tumor cell were observed. Biologic behavior of adenoid cystic carcinoma was observed with distribution and expression of basement membrane of glycosaminoglycan in tumor cells, The results obtained were as follows: 1. In immunohistochemical study, chondroitin sulfate is postively stained in tumor cell and interstitial space, dermatan sulfate is weakly stained in ductal cell. But keratan sulfate is negatively stained. 2. In immunohistochemical study, heparan sulfate is strong positive stained in tumor cell and basement membrane, especially in invasion area to peripheral nerve tissue. 3. In transmission electromicroscpic view, the tumor cells are composed modifed myoepithelial cells, and contains many microvilli and rough endoplasmic reticulum. 4. In Western blot analysis, the expression of glycosaminoglycan is expressed mostly in heparan sulfate. From the results obtained in this study, tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma is composed modified myoepithelial cell, and glycosaminoglycan of basement membrane molecule of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate mostly participate in the development and invasiveness of adenoid cystic carcinoma by immunohistochemical study and western blot analysis.