• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.371-381
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• 2023

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), used in a variety of products in modern society, are hormone-like substances that cause various diseases. Humans are exposed to EDCs through their inclusion in pesticides, plastics, cosmetics, detergents, and drugs. Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the representative endocrine disruptors, is an estrogen-like substance that has been widely used commercially in plastic and epoxy resins. BPA is a chemical that can disrupt the endocrine system, leading to reduced reproductive function, obesity, cancer, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Since the adverse health effects of BPA began to be reported the use of BPA has been regulated worldwide. Various alternatives to BPA have been widely used worldwide; representatively, bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) are the most commonly used in commercial contexts. BPS and BPF may cause endocrine-disrupting effects like those of BPA due to their similar chemical structures. Recent studies have reported that BPS and BPF disrupt the neurodevelopmental process and cause neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, future studies will be required for safety verification of BPA alternatives and the development of new alternatives to BPA for brain health. In this review, we reviewed the effects of BPA and the alternatives, BPS and BPF, on the nervous system.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2016

Background: Posture balance control is the ability to maintain the body's center of gravity in the minimal postural sway state on a supportive surface. This ability is obtained through a complicated process of sensing the movements of the human body through sensory organs and then integrating the information into the central nervous system and reacting to the musculoskeletal system and the support action of the musculoskeletal system. Motor function, including coordination, motor, and vision, vestibular sense, and sensory function, including proprioception, should act in an integrated way. However, more than half of stroke patients have motor, sensory, cognitive, and emotional disorders for a long time. Motor and sensory disorders cause the greatest difficulty in postural control among stroke patients. Objects: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of visual and somatosensory information on postural sway in stroke patients and carrying out a kinematic analysis using a tri-axial accelerometer and a quantitative assessment. Methods: Thirty-four subjects posed four stance condition was accepted various sensory information for counterbalance. This experiment referred to the computerized dynamic posturography assessments and was redesigned four condition blocking visual and somatosensory information. To measure the postural sway of the subjects' trunk, a wireless tri-axial accelerometer was used by signal vector magnitude value. Ony-way measure analysis of variance was performed among four condition. Results: There were significant differences when somatosensory information input blocked (p<.05). Conclusion: The sensory significantly affecting the balance ability of stroke patients is somatosensory, and the amount of actual movement of the trunk could be objectively compared and analyzed through quantitative figures using a tri-axial accelerometer for balance ability.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.98-109
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• 2014

Objectives This paper was aimed to review experimantal and clinical articles on Yeoldahanso-tang(YDHS), figuring out the recent tendency and suggesting the future prospects of YDHS-related studies. Methods The articles published in Korean or English since 2000 were searched, screened, and classified into experimental or clinical studies. And we structured designs, methods and results of the included studies into each table for the experimental studies or the clinical studies. Especially tools to diagnose constitutions and patterns identified in clinical researches were also summarized in the tables. Results 28 articles are finally included. 14 experimental studies are mostly in vitro designs to show efficacy of YDHS. There are only 2 studies for the safety. Among 14 clinical studies, 12 case studies target disorders of central nervous system, viral infection, skin ulcer and so on. 2 studies are before and after studies on cerebral infarction and effects on liver function. Conclusions Based on the efficacy of YDHS on central nervous system, it acquires higher level of evidence such as randomized controlled trials in the future. In addition other diseases such as skin ulcer and so on, it needs to be done more specific experimental or clinical studies so that we can get statistically significant results.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.70 no.2
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• pp.160-164
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• 2011

Paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome is a group of assorted disorders resulting from damage to the nervous system in cancer, remote from primary site, and not related to metastasis, infection, or metabolic disorder associated with cancer. Patient with small cell lung cancer sometimes shows various neurological syndromes, but patient with non-small cell lung cancer rarely shows neurologic syndromes and few antineuronal antibodies have been found. Here, we report a case of 53-year-old male patient who developed ptosis and extraocular muscular limitation of left eye due to third and forth cranial nerve palsy in non-small cell lung cancer without brain metastasis. These neurologic symptoms improved after lobectomy without any other treatment immunotherapy.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2013

Objective : There have been few comprehensive studies on the analysis of 24-hour HRV of major depressive disorder (MDD). The purpose of this study was to compare the autonomic nerve system of patients with a MDD with healthy patients and to examine the physiologic and clinical effects of 24-hour HRV by analyzing whether the HRV demonstrates the level of depressive symptoms after improving the symptoms in patients with a MDD. Methods : The 24-hour HRV was measured in patient groups with a MDD (n=16) and control groups (n=16). The patients with a MDD received the follow up test for two months after the treatment. Results : There were significant differences among the indexes (SDNN, rMSSD, SDNN index, and pNN50) of time-domain analysis and the indexes (TP, VLF, LF, HF, and ULF) of frequency-domain analysis of HRV between patient and control groups. The means of RR, SDNN, SDANN, and TP increased after two month of the treatment, comparing them with before the treatment, but there were no statistical significance. Conclusion : The results of 24-hour HRV analysis indicated significant decrease of HRV indexes among MDD patients which may suggest decrease of parasympathetic nervous functions.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2019

Spinal cord contusion injury is one of the most serious nervous system disorders, characterized by high morbidity and disability. To mimic spinal cord contusion in humans, various animal models of spinal contusion injury have been developed. These models have been developed in rats, mice, and monkeys. However, most of these models are developed using rats. Two types of animal models, i.e. bilateral contusion injury and unilateral contusion injury models, are developed using either a weight drop method or impactor method. In the weight drop method, a specific weight or a rod, having a specific weight and diameter, is dropped from a specific height on to the exposed spinal cord. Low intensity injury is produced by dropping a 5 g weight from a height of 8 cm, moderate injury by dropping 10 g weight from a height of 12.5-25 mm, and high intensity injury by dropping a 25 g weight from a height of 50 mm. In the impactor method, injury is produced through an impactor by delivering a specific force to the exposed spinal cord area. Mild injury is produced by delivering $100{\pm}5kdyn$ of force, moderate injury by delivering $200{\pm}10kdyn$ of force, and severe injury by delivering $300{\pm}10kdyn$ of force. The contusion injury produces a significant development of locomotor dysfunction, which is generally evident from the $0-14^{th}$ day of surgery and is at its peak after the $28-56^{th}$ day. The present review discusses different animal models of spinal contusion injury.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.221-231
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• 2007

Recent researches have shown that important cellular-based autoprotective mechanisms are mediated by heat-shock proteins(HSPs), also called 'molecular chaperones'. HSPs as molecular chaperones are the primary cellular defense mechanism against damage to the proteome, initiating refolding of denatured proteins and regulating degradation after severe protein damage. HSPs also modulate multiple events within apoptotic pathways to help sustain cell survival following damaging stimuli. HSPs are induced by almost every type of stresses including physical and psychological stresses. Our nervous system in the brain are more vulnerable to stress and damage than any other tissues due to HSPs insufficiency. The normal function of HSPs is a key factor for endogenous stress adaptation of neural tissues. HSPs play an important role in the process of neurodevelopment, neurodegeneration, and neuroendocrine regulation. The altered function of HSPs would be associated with the development of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, an understanding of HSPs activities could help to improve autoprotective mechanism of our neural system. This paper will review the literature related to the significance of HSPs in neuropsychiatric field.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.359-364
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• 2013

Inordinate stress causes disorders of various systems in humans and activates defense mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in the body. Sleep is a vital, highly organized process regulated by complex systems of neuronal networks and neurotransmitters. Sleep is an essential biological process whose underlying regulating involves numerous anatomical structures and biochemical substances that can be compromised by stress and by the immune system. Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, and activation of GABAA receptors is known to favor sleep. This study was conducted to evaluate the possible application of Lactobacillus brevis BJ20 fermentation to improve the functional qualities of sea tangle Saccharina japonica and oyster Crassostrea gigas. Antioxidant activity was determined by assaying levels of radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide. L. brevis BJ20 fermentation of sea tangle and oyster enhanced both antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. These results suggested that L. brevis BJ20 fermented sea tangle and oyster could be used for alleviation of stress and to promote sleep.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.1243-1244
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• 2015

Finding solutions for the disabled is a major challenge for our society. In the case of a disability due to a malfunction of the nervous system, the origin may be accidental, genetic, or induced by environmental factors. This type of loss can cause loss or movement disorders (paraplegia, hemiplegia, quadriplegia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, etc.) or malfunction of certain sensory functions (blindness, deafness, chronic pain, etc.). Many alternatives, more technology, have been imported to create interfaces between the human body and an artificial prosthesis in order to restore some functions of the human body. A wireless system, battery neurons probe was developed for one hand reading neural signals in the brain, and on the other hand also able to excite the neuron in the brain using a surface acoustic wave one ports (SAW) delay line reflection.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.37-40
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• 2017

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is caused by accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans in all tissues due to decreased activity of the lysosomal enzyme. Patients exhibit multisystemic signs and symptoms in a chronic and progressive manner, especially with changes in the skeleton, cardiopulmonary system, central nervous system, cornea, skin, liver, and spleen. In the past, treatment of MPS was limited to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). The outcome for affected patients improved with the introduction of new technologies as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, relegated to specific situations after ERT became available. Intrathecal ERT may be considered in situations of high neurosurgical risk but still it is experimental in humans. New insights on the pathophysiology of MPS disorders are leading to alternative therapeutic approaches, as gene therapy, inflammatory response modulators and substrate reduction therapy. In this paper, we will highlight the recent novel treatment and clinical trials for MPS and discuss with the goal of fostering an understanding of this field.