• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.666-674
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate gastrointestinal parasympathetic nerve activation and pyloric valve function in patients with functional dyspepsia through analysis of bowel sounds and to investigate clinical characteristics associated with the parameters of bowel sounds. Method : We surveyed clinical characteristics of patients by using a questionnaire about functional dyspepsia. Bowel sounds were recorded for 15 minutes during fasting state and for 40 minutes during postprandial state. We then classified the patients into 3 groups by abnormal states of bowel sounds, specifically by the percentage of B.S. and dominenet frequency, and studied clinical characteristics in each group. Results : Among the 182 subjects, patients who had low activity of parasympathetic nerve were 25.8% and showed a tendency of female-dominant, family history and more frequent abdominal pain. Those who had pyloric valve disturbance were 24.1% and showed no tendency by sex distribution, family history and complained of indigestion sensation. Patients who had both disorders were 10.9%, and their clinical characteristics were non-specific. Conclusion : Analysis of bowel sounds may be useful in evaluating pathophysiological factors of functional dyspepsia.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.33-35
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• 2007

Meralgia paresthetica (MP) is a benign entrapment neuropathy which is characterized by sensory impairment and paresthesia in the cutaneous distribution of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. A 79-year-old woman presented with intermittent right inguinal burning sensation. The sensory nerve conduction study (NCS) showed decreased right side sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) on lateral femoral cutaneous nerve compared to the contralateral one. Abdomino-pelvic CT showed bilateral huge renal cysts (The size of largest one on right side: about $6.2{\times}5.0cm$). We report a case of MP caused by a huge abdominal renal cyst, which should be considered when conventional examination reveals no responsible etiology.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2024

This study evaluated a case of trigeminal nerve stimulation during acupotomy at a site 5 pun left of GV16. The study participant was a 52-year-old male suffering from upper neck pain and numbness, which was managed by acupotomy at a site 5 pun left of GV16. During acupotomy, the patient experienced unexpected numbness and stiffness of the left zygomatic bone. This area corresponds to the distribution of the maxillary nerve, which is the second branch of the trigeminal nerve. After approximately one month, symptoms of numbness and stiffness disappeared without rendering medical treatment. These side effects are presumed to be associated with the trigeminocervical complex and stimulation of the trigeminal nucleus within the spinal cord. Thus, during the acupotomy of the upper neck, especially at GV16, the needles should be inserted slowly, and the patient's response should also be monitored.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.483-489
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the differentiation and distribution of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT}-immunoreactive cells in the magnacellular preoptic nucleus (MCPO) of the postnatal and adult rat forebrains, utilizing techniques of immunocytochemistry. According to the cell shape and the ratio of long axis versus short axis of cell soma, the ChATimmunoreactive nerve cells in the MCPO were classified into six types: 1) round, 2) oval, 3) elongated, 4) fusiform, 5) triangular, and 6) polygonal types. Frequency distributions of the oval and round nerve cells on the postnatal day (PND) 0 were observed to be high. But in the adult, frequency distributions of the same cells were shown to decrease. Compared to those of the postnatal rats, frequency distributions of elongated, fusiform, triangular, and polygonal nerve cells in the adult were increased. The total mean volumes of ChAT-immunoreactive cell somata in the MCPO of PND 0 rat were the lowest, while those in the PND 17 rat were shown to be the highest and decreased in the adult. The soma volumes of the immunoreactive cells at the PND 17 were evenly distributed, but those in the other developmental stages (e.g. PND 7 and adult) appeared to exhibit unimodal distributions. On the electron micrography, the free ribosomes, polysomes, and rough endoplasmic reticula (RER) of the nerve cells in the MCPO of PND 21 rat forebrains were immunoreactive to ChAT in the tissues untreated with triton X-100. According to the observations in the present study, it is considered that the ChAT-immunoreactive nerve cells in the MCPO of the rat forebrains are differentiated throughout the following processes during the postnatal development: 1) increase in cell soma volumes, 2) development of neurites, 3) increase in the frequency of differentiated cell types, and 4) decrease in cell soma volumes. The ribosomes, polysomes, and RER are considered to be closely related to the intracellular localization and biosynthesis of the ChAT but not Golgi complex.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.117-131
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• 1999

Yangkyuksanhoa-tang is frequently used for cerebrovascular accident(CVA). The present study was performed to investigate the effect of Yangkyuksanhoa-tang on the peri vascular immunoreactive nerve fiber of the basilar artery after experimentally induced subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH). Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 350-400g were used. The SAH induced by injection of the fresh autologus heart blood(0.3-0.4ml) into the cisterna magna through the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane. Sample group was given a $3.3m{\ell}/kg/day$ of Yangkyuksanhoa-tang extracts for 2 days after SAH. The experimental animals divided into 48hrs after SAH. The changes of perivascular immunoreactive nerve fiber was examined by using indirect immunofluorescence method. The meshlike perivascular nerve fiber appeared in the basilar artery of normal rats. In basilar artery of SAH elicitated rat, the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactivity(IR) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP)-IR of the perivascular nerve fiber were remarkably diminished, also dopamine beta hydroxylase(DBH)-IR, neuropeptide Y(NPY)-IR and serotonin-IR were diminished. In SAH elicitated rat with Yangkyuksanhoa-tang treatment, the CGRP-IR and VIP-IR degree were repaired as well as normal rat's, but DBH-IR, NPY-IR and serotonin-IR had no changes. These results provide the basic data to investigate the effect of Yangkyuksanhoa-tang on the vasospasm after SAH.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.26-44
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• 2023

Objectives : This study was designed to examine and analyze the recent trend of Korean medicine research on retinal and optic nerve diseases, which is increasing. Methods : This study examines papers related to diseases occurring in the retina and optic nerve that were published in Korean journals of Korean medicine, and analyzes the results of research so far by classifying them by year, journal, disease type and type of paper. Results : 1. Since it was first published in 1995, a total of 17 articles have been published until 2018, with 2 articles(11.1%) each in 1997, 2014 and 2018, and 1 article(5.6%) each in other years. 2. The number of searched journals was 17 paper; 4 review articles, 1 original articles, 12 case reports. 3. Distribution of journals; the percentage of Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology ranked the highest(41.2%). 4. Classification of 12 case reports into three categories; 7 retinal diseases, 3 optic nerve diseases, 2 other diseases. Conclusions : Currently, researches on retinal and optic nerve involvement in the Korean medicine journals have been conducted mainly through case reports. In the future, more clinical research and case reports are necessary to give practical application to patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5137-5142
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• 2012

UHRF2 is a member of the ubiquitin plant homeo domain RING finger family, which has been proven to be frequently up-regulated in colorectal cancer cells and play a role as an oncogene in breast cancer cells. However, the role of UHRF2 in glioma cells remains unclear. In this study, we performed real-time quantitative PCR on 32 pathologically confirmed glioma samples (grade I, 4 cases; grade II, 11 cases; grade III, 10 cases; and grade IV, 7 cases; according to the 2007 WHO classification system) and four glioma cell lines (A172, U251, U373, and U87). The expression of UHRF2 mRNA was significantly lower in the grade III and grade IV groups compared with the noncancerous brain tissue group, whereas its expression was high in A172, U251, and U373 glioma cell lines. An in vitro assay was performed to investigate the functions of UHRF2. Using a lentivirus-based RNA interference (RNAi) approach, we down-regulated UHRF2 expression in the U251 glioma cell line. This down-regulation led to the inhibition of cell proliferation, an increase in cell apoptosis, and a change of cell cycle distribution, in which S stage cells decreased and G2/M stage cells increased. Our results suggest that UHRF2 may be closely related to tumorigenesis and the development of gliomas.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.58-72
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• 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the latest clinical trends in peripheral facial nerve palsy pediatric and adolescent patients who treated in Korean medicine hospital. Methods The study was conducted based on 185 cases of pediatric and adolescent patients with peripheral facial nerve paralysis who visited Korean medicine hospital from January 2017 to June 2022. Results The mean age of onset of facial nerve paralysis in children and adolescents was 11.7 years, and the incidence rate was higher in boys than in girls. The seasonal distribution was the most common in autumn, and 91.4% were diagnosed with Bell's palsy. The recurrence rate was 7.6%. The severity was evaluated on the House-Brackmann Grading System (HBGS) scale, and the most common was Grade III. It took an average of 6.5 days from the date of onset to visit the hospital, and 75.7% visited the hospital within a week from the date of onset. Hospitalized treatment was 69.2%. The higher the HBGS grade, the more hospitalized treatment was, and the total number of treatments and the duration of treatment tended to increase. The average treatment period from the first visit date was 119.6 days. 17.8% received only Korean medicine treatment, and 69.2% took Western medicine with herbal medicine. Conclusions In this study, there was a difference in the average treatment period from previous studies according to the study period setting. Long-term studies on the recovery rate and prognosis of pediatric facial paralysis are needed.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.121-127
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• 1996

Peripheral nerve injury occurs mostly by trauma and is usually associated with fracture of bone and joint, muscular injury and tendon injury and it also evokes paralysis and anesthesia. When treatment of peripheral nerve injury is considered,, the modality of treatment is decided by the general condition of the patient, type of injury, associated injuries and the condition of wound. To get the maximum results, surgical treatment and reconstruction and rehabilitation should all go in hand-in-hand. From January 1985 to December 1994, we observed 61 patients that had operation without reconstruction due to peripheral nerve injury with a follow-up period of more than 1 year. Among the 61 patients, 44 were men(72%) and 17 were women(28%). Follow-up period was average 19 months. Age distribution was mostly in their twenties with a mean age of 28 years. Time interval of operation after injury was average 11 months. Trauma was the main cause of peripheral nerve injuries with a proportion of 87%. 31 patients had neurorrhaphy, in which case 14 patients had stay suture and 17 patients did not. 14 patients had nerve graft, and 16 patients had neurolysis. We used our scales to compare the results of surgery on the basis of British Research Council System. We gave scores to every sensory and motor scale to estimate functional improvement and emphasized on motor functional improvement. The total score = sensory score + ($2{\times}motor$ score). We considered 8-9 points as excellent, 6-7 points as good, 2-5 points as fair, 0-1 points as poor result. We considered excellent and good as much improved. Excellent and good results were obtained in 13 out of 14 neurorrhaphy with stay suture(93%), 12 out of 17 neurorrhaphy without stay suture(71%), 6 out of 14 nerve graft(43%), 12 out of 16 neurolysis(75%). Among the patients with neurorrhaphy done within 3 months, 11 out of 14(86%) showed improvement, but among the patients after 4 months 3 out of 17(76%) showed improvement. 84% of improvement was observed in the patients with time interval from injury to surgery within 3 months, and 64% in the patients with time interval after 4 months. In the aspect of age, 77% with the age below 20 years, 70% with the age between 21 and 30 years, 66% with the age above 31 years showed improvement. We conclude that considering degree of injury, time interval from injury and age with the adequate method of treatment, we can obtain good results from surgery.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2005

Abnormal distribution of enteric nerves such as adrenergic, cholinergic and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerves (NANC) may cause the failure of relaxation at the involved bowel segment in Hirschsprung's disease (HD). Nitric oxide (NO) is a major inhibitory NANC neurotransmitter in the gastrointestinal tract. NO is synthesized by activation of nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) in the intramural ganglion cells and regulates bowel movement. To assess the distribution of nNOS in HD, immunohistochemical staining to nNOS was utilized on paraffin embedded specimens. Ten control colon specimens were tested for feasibility of staining. Immunohistochemisrty was done on ganglionic colon as well as aganglionic segment of 15 patients with HD. nNOS immunoreactivity was observed in the neuronal cells, small cells and nerve fibers in the muscle layer and submucosal neuronal cells of control specimens. This finding was also observed in the ganglionic segments of HD. But, there was no nNOS immunoreactivity in aganglionic segments of HD. In conclusion nNOS immunohistochemical staining of paraffin embedded specimen is feasible and reliable. And the results suggest that the relaxation failure of the aganglionic bowel in HD is related to the absence of nNOS containing cells and nerve fibers.