• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.45-49
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-aging effects on cultured human keratinocytes with Nelumbo nucifera extracts. Methods : Each parts of leaves, flowers and stamen were extracted with water or 70% ethanol. These extracts were tested for cell viability on HaCaT cells (human keratinocyte line) by MTT assay. We investigated the effects of Ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation on cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in cultured skin keratinocytes. Results : The ethanol extract of Nelumbo nucifera flowers showed maximun cell viability as 111.39% in 30 ug/ml concentration. The water extracts of stamen, flowers, leaves showed cell viability as 107.12, 101.65, 101.46%, respectively. HaCaT keratinocytes were survived 63.06% at $20mJ/cm^2$ UVB irradiation. The cell membrane lipid peroxidation was measured by accumulation malondialdehyde (MDA). The levels of MDA were decreased by the ethanol extract of Nelumbo nucifera flowers and the water extracts of stamen. Conclusions : These finding suggest that the ethanol extract of Nelumbo nucifera flowers prevent anti-aging effects on cultured human keratinocytes during UVB irradiation.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2019

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaeaceae) is commonly called lotus and its leaves are widely been used as functional ingredients due to its antioxidant activity. For maximum efficacy, optimized extraction condition was established using response surface methodology. The high F-values, low p-values and insignificant p-value for lack-of-fit supported the fitness of the model and yielded the second-order polynomial regression for the antioxidant activity. The optimized extract was obtained by the extraction of 1 g of lotus leaves with 40 mL of 50% MeOH at $10.0^{\circ}C$, which exerted 70.1% antioxidant activity. Close correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity suggested phenolic compounds as active constituents of lotus leaves. In addition, comparison of different parts of lotus demonstrated the most potent antioxidant activity of flowers, followed by leaves and roots. Taken together, these results provide useful information about lotus leaves for the development as antioxidant ingredients. In addition, flowers and roots as well as leaves are suggested as good sources for antioxidant activity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2009

Objectives : The proliferation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) in response to activation by various stimuli plays a critical role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to examine the effects of Nelumbo nucifera leaves (NNL) on the proliferation and migration of HASMC. Additionally, the mechanisms involved in any observed effects were also evaluated. Methods : Apoptotic cells were measured by staining with FITC-labeled annexin V, followed by flow cytometric analysis. The expression level of apoptosis related proteins was confirmed by western blot. And MMP-9 activity was measured by gelatin zymography and MMP-9 expression was measured by ELISA Results : NNL completely inhibited the proliferation of HASMC via induction of the expression of apoptotic proteins including annexin V, cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and caspase-3 and -8. NNL treatment resulted in the release of cytochrome c into cytosol, a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, a decrease in Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and an increase in Bax expression. NNL also blocked HASMC migration via suppression of MMP-9. Conclusions : Taken together, these results indicate that NNL has the potential for use as an anti-artherosclerosis agent.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.3 s.142
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• pp.229-234
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• 2005

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner leaf (NNL) has been known that is effective to lowering blood pressure and hyperlipidemic levels. But, its pharmacological actions have not been demonstrated. Therefore, the present research was performed to find the effect of NNL on hyperlipidemic actions in Bio F1B hamster as a model for hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. The hyperlipidemic hamster were induced by basal diet containing 10% coconut oil and 0.05% cholesterol with high fat atherogenic diet(HFAD). A control group and treated groups NNL100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day were fed a HFAD, but a normal group was fed a basal diet only. In conclusion, the serum total cholesterol levels were significantly declined on day 40 in F1B hamster given the NNL extracts (200, 400 mh/kg/day) with p<0.05, when compared with a control value of HFAD fed hamsters. The hepatic TC level was significantly lower in NNL 200 and 400 mg/kg/day group than of control hamster on day 40. But, the HDL levels were not changed between control and treated NNL groups. The TG levels of NNL treated groups showed a decrease tendency compare to the control value. In addition, accumulation of fatty level showed a slight decline to NNL treated groups in aortic arch.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2017

In this study, various plant extracts were screened for the effective and safe skin care ingredient according to the antioxidant activity assay guidelines. We selected an optimized combination herbal extract, Charmzone extract (CZE), which composed of Nelumbo nucifera leaves, Saururus chinensis and Orostachys japonica. CZE exerted free radical scavenging activity. It reduced reactive oxygen species formation and increased total antioxidant capacities in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). CZE also leaded procollagen type 1 secretion in NHDF and decreased cellular melanin contents in B16F10. The production of nitric oxide was decreased by CZE in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 in a dose dependent manner. Therefore, it is concluded that CZE can be applied for naturally derived anti-aging functional skin care ingredient for anti-oxidation, wrinkle enhancement, whitening, anti-inflammation and wound healing of skin.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.3 s.150
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• pp.263-269
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• 2007

Nelumbo nucifera (Nymphaeaceae) has been widely used in a traditional oriental medicine to treat bleeding, fever, diarrhea, hemorrhoid, sunstroke, dysentery and dizziness. The leaves of this plant were refluxed with methanol, and then fractionated with organic solvents to screen the antioxidant activity using DPPH radical. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed good DPPH radical scavenging effects and were carried out column chromatographies to isolate nine compounds. Their chemical structures were characterized as p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), uracil (2), luteolin (3), quercetin $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (4), $rhamnetin 3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (5), $isorhamnetin 3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (6), $quercetin 3-O-{\beta}-D-glucuropyranoside$ (7), $quercetin 3-O-{\beta}β-D-xylofuranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\beta}-D-galactopyranoside$ (8), and adenine (9) by comparison NMR spectral data and with those in references. Compounds 1, 2, 5 and 9 were firstly isolated from this plant. Compounds 1, 3 and 4 showed potent DPPH radical scavenging activity. Especially, compound 3, luteolin showed the higher effect than ascorbic acid used as a positive control.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.147-148
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• 2007

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.363-370
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• 2017

This study investigated the chemical composition of headspace gas from white-flowered lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner). Volatile flavor compositions of headspace from white-flowered lotus (floral leaf, stamen, flower stalk, stem) were investigated through the solid-phase microextraction method using polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene fiber. The headspace was directly transferred to a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sixty-three volatile flavor constituents were detected in the headspace of lotus floral leaves, and undecanoic acid (7.81%) was the most abundant component. Fifty-three volatile flavor constituents were detected in the headspace of lotus stamina, and isobutylidene phthalide (7.94%) was the most abundant component. Forty-four volatile flavor constituents were detected in the headspace of lotus flower stalks, and 3-butyl dihydrophthalide (11.23%) was the most abundant component. Fifty-nine volatile flavor constituents were detected in the headspace of lotus stems, and ligustilide (16.15%) was the most abundant component. The content of phthalides was higher in the headspace of flower stalks and stems, while alcohols and acids were the predominant compounds in lotus floral leaves.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.219-223
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• 2006

In this study the antimicrobial activity of the extract from leaves of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) was evaluated in comparison with benzoic acid. The $70\%$ ethanol extract was fractionated subsequently by hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water, and the antimicrobial activity of each dried fraction was tested by paper disk diffusion method. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on the five strains of food born bacteria e.g. Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas nuorescens. The antimicrobial activity of the fraction was stronger than benzoic acid and showed no appreciable difference between on $Gm^+$ and $Gm^-$ bacteria. Heat treatment of the fraction at $110^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr did not change the degree of inhibitory effect. The ethyl acetate fraction showed almost perfect growth inhibition on the tested strains at over 800 ppm.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 2018

In this study, we conducted research to find anti-wrinkle skin care ingredients from natural sources via the measurement of procollagen type 1 levels in the medium of normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) and found that a Nelumbo nucifera leave extract (NLE) was as the best effective ingredient. By the high performance liquid chromatography analysis, we confirmed isoquercitrin was one of the main compounds of NLE. Moreover, it also increased the procollagen type 1 production without cytotoxicity of NHDF. NLE and isoquercitrin exerted free radical scavenging activity. Especially, isoquercitrin exhibited strong intracellular antioxidant capacity in human skin-derived cells, HaCaT and NHDF. Finally, we performed clinical test for the inhibitory effect of NLE on skin wrinkle formation. A randomized study was conducted in 22 healthy female volunteers, aged between 30 and 65 yrs, with moderate to moderately severe facial wrinkles. Volunteer applied a 1.7% NLE cream (isoquercitrin 51 ppm) and a control cream at each facial side (left/right) twice daily for 8 weeks. The 1.7% NLE cream improved skin roughness through reducing the wrinkle of the craw's feet significantly without any skin side effect. Our results demonstrate that NLE and isoquercitrin can increase the collagen production and exert antioxidant activity. Therefore, we expect that the new non-toxic herbal extract, isoquercitrin-containing NLE will be interesting natural ingredient of cosmetics with anti-wrinkle efficacy.